Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

The Multi-Dimensional Relationship Between Immigration Policies And Mexican Migrant Women: A Cycle Of Violence, Vulnerabilities, And Sobreviviencia, Jasmine Perales, Jasmine Perales

CMC Senior Theses

Thousands of migrants have died at the United States/Mexico border. This paper analyzes how the current crisis at the border came to be, specifically focusing on the experiences of Mexican migrant women. An analysis of race, racial scripts, and illegality shows how these inform immigration policies and negatively impact migrants. Decades worth of draconian immigration policies have militarized the border and continued to reinforce negative racial scripts of migrants. By centering the testimonies of Mexican migrant women, their structured vulnerabilities come to the forefront as a direct result of immigration policies. Reform of the immigration system needs to occur to …

Unscr 1325 Did Not Help Women, Peace, Or Security In Afghanistan: The Role Of Militarism And Hegemonic Masculinity In International Security, Sawyer Bannister

CMC Senior Theses

This paper argues that UNSCR 1325 on Women, Peace, and Security exemplifies how the international security system is constructed in a way that not only preserves militarism and hegemonic masculinity, but further perpetuates gendered power disparities and exacerbates human insecurity. In this pursuit, this paper develops a theoretical framework of radical feminism to illustrate how the international arena embodies militarized hegemonic masculinity and how this power paradigm fundamentally inhibits international security organizations from successfully addressing gender issues. Additionally, this paper utilizes a case study of UNSCR 1325 and WPS implementation in Afghanistan to reveal how when international security organizations attempt …

Impact Of Demand For H1b Visas In The Us On The Performance Of Listed Indian Firms, Jayaditya Shekhar Maliye

CMC Senior Theses

This thesis examines the relationship between Indian firm performance and the demand for H1B visas in the US. To test this relationship, a fixed effects model has been used on a panel dataset of 104 Indian firms listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) and National Stock Exchange of India (NSE) over the period 2009 to 2021. The results show that an increase in H1B visa demand is negatively and significantly associated with Indian firm performance. These findings suggest that the US’s demand for high skilled labor overseas has consequences for firms in the home country.

At Home In The Field, In The Field At Home? Reflections On Power And Fieldwork In Familiar Settings, Arda Bilgen, Anita Fabos

Sustainability and Social Justice

Critical epistemologies and methodologies have over time challenged the static and mono-dimensional approaches to fieldwork, allowing researchers to contemplate and conduct their research in spaces of in-betweenness. Despite this important shift, the essentialist idea that both ‘the field’ and ‘home’ in a fieldwork setting must be actual places persists. In this article, we challenge the conceptualization and operationalization of ‘home’ not only as the juxtaposition to ‘the field’, but also as the embodiment of a place in a specific temporality. We argue that the postulation of ‘home’ as a constant disregards the non-predetermined and unpredictable nature of fieldwork relationships that …

Current Practice And Recommendations For Advancing How Human Variability And Susceptibility Are Considered In Chemical Risk Assessment, Julia R. Varshavsky, Swati D.G. Rayasam, Jennifer B. Sass, Daniel A. Axelrad, Carl F. Cranor, Dale Hattis, Russ Hauser, Patricia D. Koman, Emily C. Marquez, Rachel Morello-Frosch, Catherine Oksas, Sharyle Patton, Joshua F. Robinson, Sheela Sathyanarayana, Peggy M. Shepard, Tracey Woodruff

Sustainability and Social Justice

A key element of risk assessment is accounting for the full range of variability in response to environmental exposures. Default dose-response methods typically assume a 10-fold difference in response to chemical exposures between average (healthy) and susceptible humans, despite evidence of wider variability. Experts and authoritative bodies support using advanced techniques to better account for human variability due to factors such as in utero or early life exposure and exposure to multiple environmental, social, and economic stressors. This review describes: 1) sources of human variability and susceptibility in dose-response assessment, 2) existing US frameworks for addressing response variability in risk …

Non-Binary Experiences In The Context Of Gender Dichotomization: A Qualitative Systematic Review, Chyna (C.J.) Parker

Theses and Dissertations

Gender diverse persons have historically and presently faced unique challenges, marginalization, and discrimination. The lived experiences of the transgender nonconforming population are still widely unresearched, and most research treats transgender and transgender nonconforming (TGNC) people as a homogeneous group. This neglects the nuanced and diverse experience of the TGNC population. This integrative systematic review of the literature was conducted in order to identify and highlight the experiences of transgender nonconforming persons in the context of a binarily set world. The following questions guided this study: (a) What are the identity-related experiences of non-binary individuals in the context of gender dichotomization?, …

Hispanics/Latinos In The United States 2021, Center For Puerto Rican Studies

CUNY Centro, The Center for Puerto Rican Studies

No abstract provided.

Puerto Ricans In Texas 2021, Center For Puerto Rican Studies

CUNY Centro, The Center for Puerto Rican Studies

No abstract provided.

Puerto Ricans In New Jersey 2021, Center For Puerto Rican Studies

CUNY Centro, The Center for Puerto Rican Studies

No abstract provided.

Puerto Ricans In Florida 2021, Center For Puerto Rican Studies

CUNY Centro, The Center for Puerto Rican Studies

No abstract provided.

How The “Black Criminal” Stereotype Shapes Black People’S Psychological Experience Of Policing: Evidence Of Stereotype Threat And Remaining Questions, Cynthia J. Najdowski

Psychology Faculty Scholarship

Cultural stereotypes that link Black race to crime in the U.S. originated in and are perpetuated by policies that result in the disproportionate criminalization and punishment of Black people. The scientific record is replete with evidence that these stereotypes impact perceivers’ perceptions, information processing, and decision-making in ways that produce more negative criminal legal outcomes for Black people than White people. However, relatively scant attention has been paid to understanding how situations that present a risk of being evaluated through the lens of crime-related stereotypes also directly affect Black people. In this article, I consider one situation in particular: encounters …

Between Cooperation And Conflict In Second Look Sentence Review, Kay L. Levine, Ronald F. Wright

Faculty Articles

This Article offers the first scholarly assessment of new resentencing practices initiated by state prosecutors in the United States. Unlike the conviction integrity units that have become institutional fixtures in many prosecutors’ offices over the past two decades, attorneys working on resentencing matters rarely address concerns about the legal integrity or factual accuracy of the conviction itself. Prosecutors and defense attorneys instead consider the continuing integrity of the sentence imposed on the defendant. Perhaps a second look is necessary because the sentence imposed for the crime no longer appears necessary to serve public safety goals, because the prisoner has aged …

The War On Tenure, Deepa Das Acevedo

Faculty Articles

Legislative attacks on faculty tenure are proliferating at an alarming rate. Politicians seeking to abolish or restrict the practice argue that tenure encourages bad behavior and impedes warranted terminations, granting undeserving academics “jobs for life.” But does tenure really facilitate—much less incentivize—such undesirable outcomes? This Article marshals an original and unprecedented dataset of “tenured-terminations” as well as existing social science research to show that the likely answer to both questions is “No.”

Instead, the data suggest that tenure is largely operating as it should: as a form of “just cause” employment where cause for termination is difficult but not impossible …

Offshore Entanglements, Martin W. Sybblis

Faculty Articles

For decades, scholars have struggled to determine how to deploy laws and legal institutions to spur economic prosperity. But, without knowing which legal rules and institutions to prioritize for a particular social context, the outcomes have been generally unsatisfactory. The case of offshore financial centers provides fresh and compelling new insights into this puzzle. This Article uses the sociological concept of community economic identity (“CEI”) to understand why some offshore financial centers prioritize investments in legal institutions that bolster their offshore finance enterprises while others do not. CEI refers to a community’s shared identity that is linked to a specific …

The Public Voice Of The Defender, Russell M. Gold, Kay L. Levine

Faculty Articles

For decades police and prosecutors have controlled the public narrative about criminal law. The news landscape features salacious stories of violent crimes while ignoring the more mundane but far more prevalent minor cases that clog the court dockets. Defenders, faced with overwhelming caseloads and fear that speaking out may harm their clients, have largely ceded the opportunity to offer a counternarrative based on what they see every day. Defenders tell each other about overuse of pretrial detention, intensive pressure to plead guilty, overzealous prosecutors, cycles of violence, and rampant constitutional violations—all of which inflict severe harm on defendants and their …

Addiction And Liberty, Matthew B. Lawrence

Faculty Articles

This Article explores the interaction between addiction and liberty and identifies a firm legal basis for recognition of a fundamental constitutional right to freedom from addiction. Government interferes with freedom from addiction when it causes addiction or restricts addiction treatment, and government may protect freedom from addiction through legislation empowering individuals against private actors’ efforts to addict them without their consent. This Article motivates and tests the boundaries of this right through case studies of emergent threats to liberty made possible or exacerbated by new technologies and scientific understandings. These include certain state lottery programs, addiction treatment restrictions, and smartphone …

Fostering Inclusivity And Resilience: Challenges To Community-Based Empowerment For Trans Elders In Roanoke, Virginia, Summer Skye Allison

Undergraduate Honors Theses

As popular media disseminates harmful “culture war” rhetoric regarding trans folk it has become increasingly necessary to amplify their voices to give them power over how they are perceived by society. Though political discourse regarding trans children has become a hot-button topic, this paper seeks to explore the overlooked experiences of trans elders as they contend with intersecting instances of ageism and transphobia from individuals and institutions in Roanoke, Virginia. Since community-based organizations like the Roanoke Diversity Center and Ladies and Gents of the Blue Ridge have been instrumental to strengthening the LGBTQ+ community in Roanoke, this research focuses on …

How A Professional Describes Reasons For Working In And Ultimately Leaving The Foster Care Field In The State Of Missouri: A Case Study, Lauren Williams

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The foster care field continues to have a high turnover rate of the professionals working in the field. While support and work balance are available for some professionals, many face the challenges of heavy workloads, unrealistic expectations, and health sacrifices that lead to many professionals leaving the field. This case study of one former foster care professional’s description of reasons they worked in the field, and reasons they ultimately left the field provides insight of the challenges and support as a foster care professional. The findings of this study are organized into three major themes including “Challenges for Foster Care …

The Humanitarian Crisis Of The Israeli Occupation And Settler Colonialism In The West Bank And Gaza, Sarah Raby

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

The Israeli-Palestinian conflict is an extremely sensitive and passionate subject; however, it is often misrepresented in western media. The military occupation and illegal settler colonialism practices of Israel have led to numerous human rights abuses and ultimately have persuaded many international watchdogs, including Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International, to label Israel an apartheid state. This literature review will discuss the tools of occupation used by Israel to oppress Palestinians including the separation wall, restriction of movement and blockades, and home demolition. It will further examine in detail the use of mass incarceration and excessive force used by military and …

Psychology And Criminology Students' Attribution Of Factors Contributing To Criminal Behaviors, Ava Marie Leahy

Senior Honors Theses and Projects

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in the attribution of contributing factors to criminal behaviors between psychology and criminology majors. To gauge participant perception, a carefully crafted vignette was presented to participants accompanied by questions asking participants to what extent eight variables (conformation to labels, hostile attribution bias, rational choice based on circumstances, poor attachments, mental illness, upbringing, insufficient deterrence, and learned behavior through observation) contributed to the perpetrator’s criminal behavior and for participants to rank-order these same variables from the largest contributors to the least. Participants were also asked to provide a sentencing recommendation for …

Closeness And Conflict In The Parent-Child Relationship And Parental Self-Efficacy During Childhood, Stephanie Boekweg

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

The present study examined the relationship between closeness in the parent-child relationship, conflict in the parent-child relationship, and parental self-efficacy during childhood. Quantitative data from an electronic survey on one hundred eighty-eight participants was collected. Results from a simple linear correlation indicated that parental self-efficacy during childhood and the parent-child relationship quality measures of closeness and conflict were moderately correlated. A simple regression showed that parental self-efficacy during childhood did not predict closeness nor conflict in the parent-child relationship when controlling for current parental self-efficacy. However, parental self-efficacy during childhood significantly predicted current-parental self-efficacy.

“Anything From The Land Is Good”: Understanding How Community Gardening In Kakisa, Northwest Territories, Can Contribute To Indigenous Food Sovereignty, Michelle Malandra

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Rates of food insecurity in Canada’s northern Indigenous communities are at levels that should constitute an emergency. Dominant explanations for these high rates of food insecurity often ignore the ongoing impacts of colonization and over-emphasize individual choices and nutritional guidelines developed by outsiders. The importance of holistic community health is ignored, along with the cultural and social values and practices that support community health and well-being, including traditional food systems. As the acute impact of climate change in the North threatens traditional food access, a shift toward an Indigenous food sovereignty approach in health and food policy is needed. With …

Can Gesture Input Support Toddlers’ Fast Mapping?, Lori G. Foran, Brenda L. Beverly, John Shelley-Tremblay, Julie M. Estis

University Faculty and Staff Publications

Forty-eight toddlers participated in a word-learning task to assess gesture input on mapping nonce words to unfamiliar objects. Receptive fast mapping and expressive naming for target object-word pairs were tested in three conditions – with a point, with a shape gesture, and in a no-gesture, word-only condition. No statistically significant effect of gesture for receptive fast-mapping was found but age was a factor. Two year olds outperformed one year olds for both measures. Only one girl in the one-year-old group correctly named any items. There was a significant interaction between gesture and gender for expressive naming. Two-year old girls were …

องค์การการค้าโลกกับบทบาทในการคุ้มครองสิ่งแวดล้อม, วิลาสินี วดีศิริศักดิ์, นิศาชล พรหมรินทร์

Journal of Social Sciences

การวิจัยนี้เป็นการวิจัยเชิงคุณภาพ มีจุดประสงค์เพื่อศึกษา 1. มาตรการด้านสิ่งแวดล้อมขององค์การการค้าโลกในการพิทักษ์รักษาและอนุรักษ์สิ่งแวดล้อม 2. ผลกระทบของมาตรการด้านสิ่งแวดล้อมขององค์การการค้าโลกต่อการค้าระหว่างประเทศ และ 3. ความสำเร็จของการบูรณาการการค้าระหว่างประเทศและการคุ้มครองสิ่งแวดล้อมขององค์การการค้าโลก  ผลการศึกษาพบว่า 1. มาตรการที่ถูกสร้างขึ้นภายใต้องค์การการค้าโลกเพื่อพิทักษ์รักษาและอนุรักษ์สิ่งแวดล้อมประกอบด้วย กลไกคณะกรรมาธิการด้านการค้าและสิ่งแวดล้อม กลไกองค์กรระงับข้อพิพาท และกลไกข้อตกลงที่เกี่ยวข้องกับเรื่องสิ่งแวดล้อมหลายฉบับ 2. คณะกรรมาธิการด้านการค้าและสิ่งแวดล้อมเป็นเพียงเวทีในการแลกเปลี่ยนความคิดเห็นและประสบการณ์ของประเทศสมาชิกที่มีต่อประเด็นด้านการค้าและสิ่งแวดล้อมเท่านั้น ส่วนแนวทางการตัดสินคดีสิ่งแวดล้อมขององค์กรระงับข้อพิพาททำให้ประเทศสมาชิกโดยเฉพาะกลุ่มประเทศพัฒนาแล้วได้มีการออกมาตรการการค้าเพื่ออนุรักษ์สิ่งแวดล้อมได้อย่างชอบธรรมซึ่งส่งผลกระทบต่อประเทศผู้ส่งออก ในขณะที่ข้อตกลงที่เกี่ยวข้องกับเรื่องสิ่งแวดล้อมต่าง ๆ ส่งผลทำให้ประเทศที่พัฒนาแล้วใช้มาตรการเหล่านี้เป็นเครื่องมือเพื่อกีดกันทางการค้า และ 3. องค์การการค้าโลกยังไม่ประสบความสำเร็จในการบรรลุเป้าหมายตามที่ได้ตั้งเป้าหมายไว้ในธรรมนูญ คือ การบูรณาการการค้าระหว่างประเทศและการคุ้มครองสิ่งแวดล้อมไว้ด้วยกัน แต่ในขณะเดียวกันมิได้ถือว่าล้มเหลว เพราะแม้มาตรการที่เกี่ยวข้องกับสิ่งแวดล้อมเหล่านั้นขององค์การการค้าโลกจะถูกพิจารณาว่าไม่มีประสิทธิภาพ แต่การมีมาตรการและมีการดำเนินงานที่เกี่ยวข้องสะท้อนให้เห็นถึงข้อเท็จจริงว่าองค์การการค้าโลกได้มีการดำเนินการอย่างเป็นรูปธรรมเพื่อที่พยายามที่จะบรรลุวัตถุประสงค์ดังกล่าว

การจัดสรรบริการทางการศึกษาอย่าง (ไม่) เป็นธรรม? การประกอบสร้างภาพลักษณ์ทางสังคมของโรงเรียนมัธยมศึกษาในเอกสารนโยบายการรับนักเรียนเข้าเรียนของสำนักงานคณะกรรมการการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน, วงอร พัวพันสวัสดิ์

Journal of Social Sciences

การรับนักเรียนเข้าเรียนถือเป็นกิจกรรมที่เกี่ยวข้องกับปัญหาความเหลื่อมล้ำทางการศึกษาโดยตรง เพราะความเหลื่อมล้ำทางการศึกษาเป็นผลลัพธ์ของกระบวนการจัดสรรบริการด้านการศึกษาที่ไม่เป็นธรรม งานวิจัยชิ้นนี้ตั้งคำถามต่อนโยบายการจัดสรรที่นั่งเรียนในหน่วยบริการการศึกษาของรัฐไทยในระดับมัธยมศึกษา โดยมุ่งศึกษาว่าตัวแบบนโยบาย (Policy design) ของนโยบายการรับนักเรียนเข้าเรียนในสถานศึกษาสังกัดสำนักงานคณะกรรมการการศึกษาขั้นพื้นฐาน (สพฐ.) มีการประกอบสร้างภาพลักษณ์ของโรงเรียนและนักเรียนไว้อย่างไร? และการประกอบสร้างดังกล่าวมีส่วนช่วยบรรเทาหรือซ้ำเติมความเหลื่อมล้ำด้านการศึกษาอย่างไร? ผู้วิจัยใช้วิธีการวิเคราะห์นโยบายเชิงตีความ (Interpretive Policy Analysis) การวิเคราะห์กรอบการจำแนกแยกแยะ (Category Analysis) และใช้กรอบแนวคิดการประกอบสร้างกลุ่มเป้าหมายของนโยบาย (Social construction of target population) ของ Schneider and Ingram ที่มองว่า “ภาพลักษณ์” ของกลุ่มเป้าหมายของนโยบาย (ในที่นี้คือโรงเรียน) มีอิทธิพลต่อการออกแบบนโยบาย ซึ่งสุดท้ายจะมีผลตอกย้ำความไม่เป็นธรรมที่มีมาแต่เดิมในสังคม งานวิจัยพบว่า เนื้อหาของนโยบายการรับนักเรียนเข้าเรียนของสพฐ. มีการประกอบสร้างภาพลักษณ์ของโรงเรียนบนมโนทัศน์ของหลักกลไกตลาด ที่แยกแยะ “โรงเรียนอัตราแข่งขันสูง” ออกจาก “โรงเรียนทั่วไป” และสร้างแนวปฏิบัติที่เป็นการผลิตซ้ำภาพลักษณ์ทางสังคมที่มีมาก่อนของโรงเรียนทั้งสองประเภท กล่าวคือ ภาพลักษณ์ของโรงเรียนอัตราแข่งขันสูงถูกประกอบสร้างให้เป็นผู้ให้บริการการศึกษาของรัฐคุณภาพสูง ส่วนภาพลักษณ์ของโรงเรียนทั่วไปถูกประกอบสร้างให้เป็นผู้ให้บริการการศึกษาของรัฐคุณภาพต่ำ ในกระบวนการสร้างภาพลักษณ์ดังกล่าว นโยบายมีการจัดสรรภาระให้แก่โรงเรียนประเภททั่วไปที่สูงกว่าโรงเรียนประเภทอัตราแข่งขันสูงอย่างไม่สมเหตุสมผล เช่น โรงเรียนประเภทอัตราแข่งขันสูงมีสิทธิ์ในการคัดกรองผู้เรียนที่มีศักยภาพทางวิชาการ “สูง” ไปก่อนโรงเรียนประเภททั่วไป ในทางกลับกัน โรงเรียนประเภททั่วไปต้องรับภาระการจัดสรรสวัสดิการขั้นพื้นฐานและภาระในการพัฒนาผู้เรียนที่มีศักยภาพแตกต่างหลากหลาย

Building Strength Versus Getting Lean: An Analysis Of The Gendered Nature Of Fitness In Crossfit, Barre, And Personal Training, Margaret M. Jones

Master's Theses

Like many industries in contemporary society, the fitness sector is heavily gendered, andthus needs to be examined as a sector that both creates and reinforces gendered bodies. Building on previous single-method studies, I utilized a multi-methods approach of ethnography and interviews to analyze organizational and individual experiences with gender and fitness. Using West and Zimmerman’s concept of “doing gender,” I analyzed fitness organizations as a setting where gender and inequality are actively reproduced. By analyzing three fitness organizations with different gendered audiences (a barre studio, a CrossFit gym, and a personal training facility) I looked at how gender and fitness …

Piney Point Cascading Disaster And Environmental Conflict: An Explanatory Case Study, Ketti Davison

Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this explanatory case study is to understand the sense that community members made of how and why environmental conflict manifested in the wake of the Piney Point cascading disaster. It found that intentional avoidance of local news caused community members to be unaware of the risks beforehand, of the responses in the aftermath, and of the threats that remain. The study leverages a unique opportunity to fill a gap in the research by examining a contemporary cascading disaster as it generated environmental conflict. This dissertation centers on the perceptions of directly affected community members in the Tampa …

A Confluence Of Identity, Skepticism, And Acculturation: A Grounded Theory Study On Voter Engagement Among Registered Latin American Immigrant Voters, Oscar De Tuya

Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations

One of the most important characteristics of a democracy is the ability of its citizens to directly elect many of their government representatives. Unfortunately, since only citizens are traditionally eligible to vote in the United States, the group of voters that ultimately influences government is smaller than the overall population. That excludes immigrants from full participation in government and contributes to conflict, which can be analyzed through various theoretical lenses, such as structural violence, basic human needs theory, and social cohesion. These realities underscore the importance of elections and of ensuring that an engaged and informed electorate is active in …

The Challenges And Transformative Experiences Of Promoting Nonkilling With Anti-Nuclear Weapon Activists And Realists, Roland Joseph

Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations

Decades ago, Glenn D. Paige questioned killing and violence in politics, presenting nonkilling political science as an alternative. Activists and researchers from other disciplines have joined the movement by considering this new paradigm in their disciplines. Since then, some scholars analyzed the experience of activists promoting notions related to nonkilling, including peace and nonviolence. However, no previous research focuses specifically on the experience of scholars promoting nonkilling to anti-nuclear weapon activists and realists. To fill this gap and give voice to nonkilling and nuclear weapon risks, a qualitative phenomenological study using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was conducted to answer the …

The Decline Of Union Membership And The Resulting Conflicts, Cynthia Cushman

Department of Conflict Resolution Studies Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this quantitative study was to examine how private-sector union members and union leaders viewed the changes in organized labor in the United States over the past ten years. This study explored the impact of union membership decline in the United States labor force through the perceptions of union members and union leaders. There were four macro-level factors examined in this study: a move in dominant occupations from manufacturing to service-orientated work; changes in federal and state regulation; the ability, flexibility, and success of union leadership; and the aggressive counter-union moves of business management. This study was constructed …