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1999

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Articles 91 - 120 of 419

Full-Text Articles in Physics

Configurational Entropy And Collective Modes In Normal And Supercooled Liquids, Ulrich Zürcher, T. Keyes Aug 1999

Configurational Entropy And Collective Modes In Normal And Supercooled Liquids, Ulrich Zürcher, T. Keyes

Physics Faculty Publications

Soft vibrational modes have been used to explain anomalous thermal properties of glasses above 1 K. The soft-potential model consists of a collection of double-well potentials that are distorted by a linear term representing local stress in the liquid. Double-well modes contribute to the configurational entropy of the system. Based on the Adam-Gibbs theory of entropically driven relaxation in liquids, we show that the presence of stress drives the transition from Arrhenius to Zwanzig-Bässler temperature dependence of relaxation times. At some temperature below the glass transition, the energy scale is dominated by local stress, and soft modes are described by …

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Near-Threshold Measurement Of Integrated Stokes Parameters For Kr Excited By Polarized Electrons, B. G. Birdsey, H. M. Al-Khateeb, M. E. Johnston, T. C. Bowen, Timothy J. Gay, V. Zeman, K. Bartschat Aug 1999

Near-Threshold Measurement Of Integrated Stokes Parameters For Kr Excited By Polarized Electrons, B. G. Birdsey, H. M. Al-Khateeb, M. E. Johnston, T. C. Bowen, Timothy J. Gay, V. Zeman, K. Bartschat

Timothy J. Gay Publications

We have made high-accuracy measurements of the integrated Stokes parameters for resonance fluorescence from polarized electron-impact excitation of the 4p55p[5/2] 3D3 and 4p55p [5/2] 3D2 states of Kr. We report measurements in the region within 0.6 eV of threshold, which is below the first cascade threshold. We also present theoretical calculations of these Stokes parameters using a recently developed relativistic Breit-Pauli Rmatrix code. In well LS-coupled systems, nonzero values of the integrated Stokes parameter P2 signal relativistic effects (like continuum spin-orbit coupling, i.e., Mott scattering). …

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Charge Dynamics In The Half-Metallic Ferromagnet Cro2, E. J. Singley, Christopher P. Weber, D. N. Basov, A. Barry, J. M. D. Coey Aug 1999

Charge Dynamics In The Half-Metallic Ferromagnet Cro2, E. J. Singley, Christopher P. Weber, D. N. Basov, A. Barry, J. M. D. Coey

Physics

Infrared spectroscopy is used to investigate the electronic structure and charge carrier relaxation in crystalline films of CrO2 which is the simplest of all half-metallic ferromagnets. Chromium dioxide is a bad metal at room temperature but it has a remarkably low residual resistivity (<5 >μΩ cm) despite the small spectral weight associated with free carrier absorption. The infrared measurements show that low residual resistivity is due to the collapse of the scattering rate at ω<2000 >cm-1. The blocking of the relaxation channels at low v and T can be attributed to the unique electronic structure of a …

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Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation, J.C. Lee Aug 1999

Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation, J.C. Lee

Faculty Publications

A molecular dynamics simulation is performed to study the kinetics of microphase separation in a polymer-dispersed-liquid-crystal forming process. An equimolar mixture of monomers and liquid crystal molecules are thermalized in a well mixed state. The monomers are then polymerized at the same temperature. The end product is a spanning gel with liquid crystal molecules aggregating in droplets here and there. The peak position of the equal-time structure function suggests that the growth of the droplets may be described with t-0.23. The small growth exponent is just one of several features which may be attributed to the growing elastic …

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Black Holes And Five-Brane Thermodynamics, Emil Martinec, Vatche Sahakian Aug 1999

Black Holes And Five-Brane Thermodynamics, Emil Martinec, Vatche Sahakian

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

The phase diagram for Dp-branes in M theory compactified on T4,T4/Z2,T5, and T6 is constructed. As for the lower-dimensional tori considered in our previous work [E. Martinec and V. Sahakian, Phys. Rev. D 59, 124005 (1999)], the black brane phase at high entropy connects onto matrix theory at low entropy; we thus recover all known instances of matrix theory as consequences of the Maldacena conjecture. The difficulties that arise for T6 are reviewed. We also analyze the D1-D5 system on T5; we discuss its relation to matrix models …

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Dust Emission From Herbig Ae/Be Stars: Evidence For Disks And Envelopes, Anatoly Miroshnichenko, Željko Ivezić, Dejan Vinković, Moshe Elitzur Aug 1999

Dust Emission From Herbig Ae/Be Stars: Evidence For Disks And Envelopes, Anatoly Miroshnichenko, Željko Ivezić, Dejan Vinković, Moshe Elitzur

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Infrared and millimeter-wave emission from Herbig Ae/Be stars has produced conflicting conclusions regarding the dust geometry in these objects. We show that the compact dimensions of the millimeter-wave-emitting regions are a decisive indication for disks. But a disk cannot explain the spectral energy distribution unless it is embedded in an extended envelope that (1) dominates the IR emission and (2) provides additional disk heating on top of the direct stellar radiation. Detailed radiative transfer calculations based on the simplest model for envelope-embedded disks successfully fit the data from UV to millimeter wavelengths and show that the disks have central holes. …

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Production And Annealing Of Electron Irradiation Damage In Zno, David C. Look, D. C. Reynolds, Joseph W. Hemsky, R. L. Jones, J. R. Sizelove Aug 1999

Production And Annealing Of Electron Irradiation Damage In Zno, David C. Look, D. C. Reynolds, Joseph W. Hemsky, R. L. Jones, J. R. Sizelove

Physics Faculty Publications

High-energy (>1.6 MeV) electrons create acceptors and donors in single-crystal ZnO. Greater damage is observed for irradiation in the [0001] direction (Zn face) than in the [000] direction (O face). The major annealing stage occurs at about 300–325 °C, and is much sharper for defects produced by Zn-face irradiation, than for those resulting from O-face irradiation. The defects appear to have a chain character, rather than being simple, near-neighbor vacancy/interstitial Frenkel pairs. These experiments suggest that ZnO is significantly more “radiation hard” than Si, GaAs, or GaN, and should be useful for applications in high-irradiation environments, such as electronics …

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The Design And Construction Of An Out-Of-Plane Sensitive Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometer For Non-Destructive Testing Applications, Alexander Burden Aug 1999

The Design And Construction Of An Out-Of-Plane Sensitive Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometer For Non-Destructive Testing Applications, Alexander Burden

Masters

There are many non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques use din industry, which employ acoustic emission, ultrasound, X-rays and thermography. Optical interferometric methodology is being increasingly used in industry. Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) is one of the principal optical interferometric techniques used in NDT to measure deformations. Optical surface metrology offers many advantages over conventional methods. These include greater sensitivity, improved lateral and vertical resolution, non-contact and full field measurement. Conventional methods of NDT however continue to be chosen over ESPI. The objective of this thesis is focused on making ESPI more feasible as a NDT technique for use in industry. …

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Twist Modulated Phases In Chiral Smectic Liquid Crystals, Jonathan J. Stott, Rolfe G. Petschek Aug 1999

Twist Modulated Phases In Chiral Smectic Liquid Crystals, Jonathan J. Stott, Rolfe G. Petschek

Faculty Scholarship

By considering short period helical planar modulations about the layer normal, we construct a model free energy for the ferriclinic phases observed in chiral smectic liquid crystals. We then use this free energy to construct the phase diagram for our model. The resulting phases are compared with the experimentally observed smectic-C* subphases (ferroclinic, antiferroclinic, and heliclinic). A strong coupling is found between the ferroclinic q=2Ï€/a and the heliclinic q=2Ï€/3a modes. This coupling was not considered in previous models. The resulting additional stability of this "locked in" phase is discussed.

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41st Rocky Mountain Conference On Analytical Chemistry Aug 1999

41st Rocky Mountain Conference On Analytical Chemistry

Rocky Mountain Conference on Magnetic Resonance

Final program, abstracts, and information about the 41st annual meeting of the Rocky Mountain Conference on Analytical Chemistry, co-sponsored by the Colorado Section of the American Chemical Society and the Rocky Mountain Section of the Society for Applied Spectroscopy. Held in Denver, Colorado, August 1-5, 1999.

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Simple Model For Linear And Nonlinear Mixing At Unstable Fluid Interfaces In Spherical Geometry, John D. Ramshaw Aug 1999

Simple Model For Linear And Nonlinear Mixing At Unstable Fluid Interfaces In Spherical Geometry, John D. Ramshaw

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

A simple model was recently described for predicting linear and nonlinear mixing at an unstable planar fluid interface subjected to an arbitrary time-dependent variable acceleration history [J. D. Ramshaw, Phys. Rev. E 58, 5834 (1998)]. Here we present an analogous model for describing the mixing of two adjacent spherical fluid shells of different density resulting from an arbitrary time-dependent mean interface radius R(t). As in the planar case, the model is based on a heuristic expression for the kinetic energy of the system. This expression is based on that for the kinetic energy of a linearly perturbed interface, but with …

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Inhibition Of The Aminopeptidase From Aeromonas Proteolytica By Aliphatic Alcohols. Characterization Of The Hydrophobic Substrate Recognition Site, Leila Ustynyuk, Brian Bennett, Tanya Edwards, Richard C. Holz Aug 1999

Inhibition Of The Aminopeptidase From Aeromonas Proteolytica By Aliphatic Alcohols. Characterization Of The Hydrophobic Substrate Recognition Site, Leila Ustynyuk, Brian Bennett, Tanya Edwards, Richard C. Holz

Physics Faculty Research and Publications

Seven aliphatic and two aromatic alcohols were tested as reporters of the substrate selectivity of the aminopeptidase from Aeromonas proteolytica (AAP). This series of alcohols was chosen to systematically probe the effect of carbon chain length, steric bulk, and inhibitor shape on the inhibition of AAP. Initially, however, the question of whether AAP is denatured in the presence of aliphatic alcohols was addressed. On the basis of circular dichroism (CD), electronic absorption, and fluorescence spectra, the secondary structure of AAP, with and without added aliphatic alcohols, was unchanged. These data clearly indicate that AAP is not denatured in aliphatic alcohols, …

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Optical Properties Of Β″-(Et)2sf5ch2cf2so3: A Layered Molecular Superconductor With Large Discrete Counterions, J. Dong, J. L. Musfeldt, J. A. Schlueter, Jack M. Williams, P. G. Nixon, Rolf Walter Winter, Gary L. Gard Aug 1999

Optical Properties Of Β″-(Et)2sf5ch2cf2so3: A Layered Molecular Superconductor With Large Discrete Counterions, J. Dong, J. L. Musfeldt, J. A. Schlueter, Jack M. Williams, P. G. Nixon, Rolf Walter Winter, Gary L. Gard

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

We report the polarized infrared and optical reflectance of β″-(ET)₂SF₅CH₂CF₂SO₃ as a function of temperature. This fully organic superconductor displays weakly metallic behavior over the entire temperature range of our investigation. The electronic properties present several unusual features including the lack of a conventional free carrier (Drude) response at low temperature, infrared localization phenomena, and an unexpected temperature dependence of the oscillator strength. Similar behavior is observed in other β and β″ superconductors above Tc, suggesting that this class of compounds is very close to a metal→insulator transition where electronic correlations are important and the Drude response carries very little …

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Evaluation Of Raman Spectroscopy And Ruby Piezospectroscopy As Tools For Investigating The Corrosion Of Metallic Alloys, Daniel P. Renusch Aug 1999

Evaluation Of Raman Spectroscopy And Ruby Piezospectroscopy As Tools For Investigating The Corrosion Of Metallic Alloys, Daniel P. Renusch

Dissertations

Stainless steel system components that operate in high temperature oxidizing environments obtain protection from corrosion by means of thermally grown chromia and alumina scales. Ongoing investigations of protective scales utilize a battery of experimental and theoretical techniques. A technique which has received little attention is Raman scattering. The reason for its limited use has been long data acquisition times required to obtain suitable spectra from thin surface oxides. Because advances in detection systems, namely the multichannel CCD (charge coupled devices), have recently provided dramatic improvement in the sensitivity of Raman scattering experiments, we decided to reevaluate the technique as a …

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Science And Security Watch: A Threat To The United States From Foreign Graduate Students Training In Physics?, Ibpp Editor Jul 1999

Science And Security Watch: A Threat To The United States From Foreign Graduate Students Training In Physics?, Ibpp Editor

International Bulletin of Political Psychology

This article critiques concerns of some United States (US) security analysts that foreign graduate students in physics who train at universities within the US present security vulnerabilities for the US.

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The Skyrme Model For Baryons, Joseph Schechter, H. Weigel Jul 1999

The Skyrme Model For Baryons, Joseph Schechter, H. Weigel

Physics - All Scholarship

We review the Skyrme model approach which treats baryons as solitons of an effective meson theory. We start out with a historical introduction and a concise discussion of the original two flavor Skyrme model and its interpretation. Then we develop the theme, motivated by the large N_C approximation of QCD, that the {\it effective} Lagrangian of QCD is in fact one which contains just mesons of all spins. When this Lagrangian is (at least approximately) determined from the meson sector it should then yield a zero parameter description of the baryons. We next discuss the concept of chiral symmetry and …

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Mechanism For A Next-To-Lowest Lying Scalar Meson Nonet, Joseph Schechter, Deirdre Black, Amir H. Fariborz Jul 1999

Mechanism For A Next-To-Lowest Lying Scalar Meson Nonet, Joseph Schechter, Deirdre Black, Amir H. Fariborz

Physics - All Scholarship

Recent work suggests the existence of a non-conventional lowest-lying scalar nonet containing the a0(980). Then the a0(1450) and also the K0*(1430) are likely candidates to belong to a conventional p-wave q \bar q nonet. However a comparison of their properties with those expected on this basis reveals a number of puzzling features. It is pointed out that these puzzles can be resolved in a natural and robust way by assuming a ``bare'' conventional p-wave scalar q \bar q nonet to mix with a lighter four quark qq \bar q \bar q scalar nonet to form new ``physical'' states. The essential …

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Numerical Investigation Of The Thermodynamic Limit For Ground States In Models With Quenched Disorder, Alan Middleton Jul 1999

Numerical Investigation Of The Thermodynamic Limit For Ground States In Models With Quenched Disorder, Alan Middleton

Physics - All Scholarship

The effect of open boundary conditions for four models with quenched disorder are studied in finite samples by numerical ground state calculations. Extrapolation to the infinite volume limit indicates that the configurations in ``windows'' of fixed size converge to a unique configuration, up to global symmetries. The scaling of this convergence is consistent with calculations based on the fractal dimension of domain walls. These results provide strong evidence for the ``two-state'' picture of the low temperature behavior of these models. Convergence in three-dimensional systems can require relatively large windows.

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A First Principles Warm Inflation Model That Solves The Cosmological Horizon And Flatness Problems, Arjun Berera, Marcelo Gleiser, Rudnei O. Ramos Jul 1999

A First Principles Warm Inflation Model That Solves The Cosmological Horizon And Flatness Problems, Arjun Berera, Marcelo Gleiser, Rudnei O. Ramos

Dartmouth Scholarship

A quantum field theory warm inflation model is presented that solves the horizon and flatness problems. The model obtains, from the elementary dynamics of particle physics, cosmological scale factor trajectories that begin in a radiation dominated regime, enter an inflationary regime, and then smoothly exit back into a radiation dominated regime, with non-negligible radiation throughout the evolution.

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A Study Of Omega Bands And Ps6 Pulsations On The Ground, At Low Altitude And At Geostationary Orbit, A. M. Jorgensen, Harlan E. Spence, T. J. Hughes, D. Mcdiarmid Jul 1999

A Study Of Omega Bands And Ps6 Pulsations On The Ground, At Low Altitude And At Geostationary Orbit, A. M. Jorgensen, Harlan E. Spence, T. J. Hughes, D. Mcdiarmid

Physics & Astronomy

We investigate the electrodynamic coupling between auroral omega bands and the inner magnetosphere. The goal of this study is to determine the features to which omega bands map in the magnetosphere. To establish the auroral-magnetosphere connection, we appeal to the case study analysis of the data rich event of September 26, 1989. At 6 magnetic local time (MLT), two trains of Ps6 pulsations (ground magnetic signatures of omega bands) were observed to drift over the Canadian Auroral Network For the OPEN Program Unified Study (CANOPUS) chain. At the same time periodic ionospheric flow patterns moved through the collocated Bistatic Auroral …

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Criteria For Elves And Sprites On Schumann Resonance Observations, E. W. Huang, E. R. Williams, R. Boldi, S. Heckman, W. Lyons, Michael J. Taylor, C. Wong, T. Nelson Jul 1999

Criteria For Elves And Sprites On Schumann Resonance Observations, E. W. Huang, E. R. Williams, R. Boldi, S. Heckman, W. Lyons, Michael J. Taylor, C. Wong, T. Nelson

All Physics Faculty Publications

Ground flashes with positive polarity associated with both sprites and elves excite the Earth's Schumann resonances to amplitudes several times greater than the background resonances. Theoretical predictions for dielectric breakdown in the mesosphere are tested using ELF methods to evaluate vertical charge moments of positive ground flashes. Comparisons of the measured time constants for lightning charge transfer with the electrostatic relaxation time at altitudes of nighttime sprite initiation (50–70 km) generally validate the electrostatic assumption in predictions made initially by Wilson [1925]. The measured charge moments (Q dS = 200–2000 C-km) are large in comparison with ordinary negative lightning but …

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Guest Editorial: Special Section On Acousto-Optic Devices And Optical Information Processing: Research And Developments, Partha P. Banerjee, Ting-Chung Poon Jul 1999

Guest Editorial: Special Section On Acousto-Optic Devices And Optical Information Processing: Research And Developments, Partha P. Banerjee, Ting-Chung Poon

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This guest editorial provides an overview of the topical area and an introduction to the articles featured in the special section.

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Unoccupied Band Structure Of Strained Gadolinium, Takashi Komesu, C. Waldfried, Peter A. Dowben Jul 1999

Unoccupied Band Structure Of Strained Gadolinium, Takashi Komesu, C. Waldfried, Peter A. Dowben

Peter Dowben Publications

From spin-polarized inverse photoemission, the experimental spin-resolved unoccupied band structure of gadolinium on Mo(112) has been constructed. The spin-dependent unoccupied electronic structure near the Fermi level is dominated by shallow dispersion of a spin-minority band. A spin-majority and -minority bulk-band pair also exhibits some dispersion across the Brillouin zone.

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Unoccupied Band Structure Of Strained Gadolinium, Takashi Komesu, C. Waldfried, Peter A. Dowben Jul 1999

Unoccupied Band Structure Of Strained Gadolinium, Takashi Komesu, C. Waldfried, Peter A. Dowben

Peter Dowben Publications

From spin-polarized inverse photoemission, the experimental spin-resolved unoccupied band structure of gadolinium on Mo(112) has been constructed. The spin-dependent unoccupied electronic structure near the Fermi level is dominated by shallow dispersion of a spin-minority band. A spin-majority and -minority bulk-band pair also exhibits some dispersion across the Brillouin zone.

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Structure And Hysteresis Of Patterned Soft-Magnetic Structure, C. N. Borca, Ralph Skomski, Peter A. Dowben Jul 1999

Structure And Hysteresis Of Patterned Soft-Magnetic Structure, C. N. Borca, Ralph Skomski, Peter A. Dowben

Peter Dowben Publications

We have analyzed the magnetism of Ni features deposited on nonmagnetic substrates using a novel method: laser assisted chemical vapor deposition. Both coercivity and loop shape are determined on a scale of order 1 mm, which is much smaller than the lateral size of the features. The magnetization curves are fitted to a simple substructure morphology model, although there is secondary dependence of the coercivity on the shape of the structures.

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Probing Nonequilibrium Electron Distributions In Gold By Use Of Second Harmonic Generation, K. L. Moore '99, Thomas D. Donnelly Jul 1999

Probing Nonequilibrium Electron Distributions In Gold By Use Of Second Harmonic Generation, K. L. Moore '99, Thomas D. Donnelly

All HMC Faculty Publications and Research

Second-harmonic radiation is generated at a gold surface by use of a laser pulse that is varied in duration from 14 to 29 fs and in intensity from 109 to 1011W/cm2 . At laser intensities below 1010W/cm2 , the second-harmonic signal has the expected quadratic dependence on pump-laser intensity; however, at higher intensities, the dependence is supraquadratic. This difference arises because the leading edge of the laser pulse interacts significantly with the gold electrons to create a nonequilibrium, photoexcited distribution. The second-harmonic generation process occurs before electron–electron or electron–phonon collisions can equilibrate the …

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Valence-Band Ordering In Zno, D. C. Reynolds, David C. Look, B. Jogai, C. W. Litton, G. Cantwell, W. C. Harsch Jul 1999

Valence-Band Ordering In Zno, D. C. Reynolds, David C. Look, B. Jogai, C. W. Litton, G. Cantwell, W. C. Harsch

Physics Faculty Publications

The emission and reflection spectra of ZnO have been investigated in the intrinsic region and the data have been interpreted in terms of the wurtzite crystal band structure. Free-exciton emission is observed for the first time. Both the Γ5 and Γ6 state excitons associated with top valence band have been identified. This identification has established the valence-band symmetry ordering in ZnO.

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Laser Beam Profile Deformation Effect During Bragg Acousto-Optic Interaction: A Non-Paraxial Approximation, Ray S. Huang, Chen-Wen Tarn, Partha P. Banerjee, Doungchin Cao Jul 1999

Laser Beam Profile Deformation Effect During Bragg Acousto-Optic Interaction: A Non-Paraxial Approximation, Ray S. Huang, Chen-Wen Tarn, Partha P. Banerjee, Doungchin Cao

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

It is commonly known that the spatial profiles of the diffracted light beams during Bragg acousto-optic interaction are distorted due to the Bragg angle selection mechanism. All the conventional studies on this effect use the paraxial approximation. But this approximation should be amended when the incident angle of the light is large enough that the diffracted light waves do not propagate closely along the optic axis of the acousto-optic diffraction system. By using a spatial Fourier transform approach, we rigorously study the light beam profile deformation effect of the diffracted light during the Bragg acousto-optic interaction beyond the paraxial approximation. …

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Examination Of Beam Propagation In Misaligned Holographic Gratings And Comparison With The Acousto-Optic Transfer Function Model For Profiled Beams, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, David D. Reagan Jul 1999

Examination Of Beam Propagation In Misaligned Holographic Gratings And Comparison With The Acousto-Optic Transfer Function Model For Profiled Beams, Monish Ranjan Chatterjee, David D. Reagan

Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

A transfer function formalism developed earlier for the propagation of profiled optical beams through acousto-optic Bragg cells is revisited and applied to a thick holographic grating. The results based on the holographic coupled wave model and the acousto-optic multiple scattering model are shown to be compatible, and equivalent parameters such as the Q and grating strength are defined for the two systems. Results for a Gaussian spatial profile are numerically computed and compared. For the holographic grating, a profiled beam may be interpreted as an angular misalignment or Bragg-angle mismatch problem. The case of Bragg-wavelength mismatch is also investigated for …

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1-Butaneboronic Acid Binding To Aeromonas Proteolytica Aminopeptidase:  A Case Of Arrested Development, Carin C. De Paola, Brian Bennett, Richard C. Holz, Dagmar Ringe, Gregory A. Petsko Jul 1999

1-Butaneboronic Acid Binding To Aeromonas Proteolytica Aminopeptidase:  A Case Of Arrested Development, Carin C. De Paola, Brian Bennett, Richard C. Holz, Dagmar Ringe, Gregory A. Petsko

Physics Faculty Research and Publications

Hydrolases containing two metal ions connected by a bridging ligand catalyze reactions important in carcinogensis, tissue repair, post-translational modification, control and regulation of biochemical pathways, and protein degradation. The aminopeptidase from Aeromonas proteolytica serves as a paradigm for the study of such bridged bimetallic proteases since its three-dimensional structure is known to very high resolution and its catalytic reaction is amenable to spectroscopic examination. Herein, we report the X-ray crystal structure at 1.9 Å resolution of AAP complexed with 1-butaneboronic acid (BuBA). This structure suggests that this complex represents a snapshot of the proteolytic reaction in an arrested form between …

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