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1998

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Articles 61 - 90 of 502

Full-Text Articles in Physics

Half-Cycle Pulse Assisted Electron-Ion Recombination, Thomas J. Bensky, M. B. Campbell, Robert R. Jones Oct 1998

Half-Cycle Pulse Assisted Electron-Ion Recombination, Thomas J. Bensky, M. B. Campbell, Robert R. Jones

Physics

Unipolar “half-cycle” electric field pulses (HCPs) have been used to recombine free electrons and calcium ions. The field assisted process is very similar to controlled three-body recombination in plasmas. We report on experiments that utilize HCP assisted recombination to probe the probability distribution of continuum electron wave packets and produce bound wave packets that are highly localized in three spatial dimensions.

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Temperature Fluctuations In Photoionized Nebulae. Ii. The Effect Of Inhomogeneous Abundances, J. B. Kingdon, Gary J. Ferland Oct 1998

Temperature Fluctuations In Photoionized Nebulae. Ii. The Effect Of Inhomogeneous Abundances, J. B. Kingdon, Gary J. Ferland

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Recent abundance determinations based on recombination lines in several emission-line nebulae yield ionic abundances several times larger than those derived from forbidden lines. These results cast uncertainty over all abundance determinations in such objects. One possible explanation for these discrepancies frequently cited in the literature is the presence of chemical inhomogeneities. We have run a series of photoionization models to examine what effect such inhomogeneities will have on the resulting temperature structure of nebulae. We then derive abundances from these models, utilizing Peimbert's t2 formalism. Our results suggest that, although chemical inhomogeneities may produce nonnegligible biases in abundance determinations …

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Measurement Of Elastic Υ Photoproduction At Hera, J. Breitweg, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, R. Yoshida, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, N. Coppola, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti Oct 1998

Measurement Of Elastic Υ Photoproduction At Hera, J. Breitweg, M. Derrick, D. Krakauer, S. Magill, D. Mikunas, B. Musgrave, J. Repond, R. Stanek, R. L. Talaga, R. Yoshida, H. Zhang, Margarita C. K. Mattingly, F. Anselmo, P. Antonioli, G. Bari, M. Basile, L. Bellagamba, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, G. Cara Romeo, G. Castellini, L. Cifarelli, F. Cindolo, A. Contin, N. Coppola, M. Corradi, S. De Pasquale, P. Giusti, G. Iacobucci, G. Laurenti

Faculty Publications

The photoproduction reaction γp → μ+ μ-p has been studied in ep interactions using the ZEUS detector at HERA. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 43.2pb-1. The Υ meson has been observed in photoproduction for the first time. The sum of the products of the elastic Υ(1S), Υ(2S),Υ(3S) photoproduction cross sections with their respective branching ratios is determined to be 13.3 ± 6.0(stat.)-2.3+2.7(syst.) pb at a mean photon-proton centre of mass energy of 120 GeV. The cross section is above the prediction of a perturbative QCD model. © 1998 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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Cusp Energetic Ions: A Bow Shock Source, S. W. Chang, J. D. Scudder, S. A. Fuselier, J. F. Fennell, K. J. Trattner, J. S. Pickett, Harlan E. Spence, J. D. Menietti, W. K. Peterson, R. P. Lepping, R. Friedel Oct 1998

Cusp Energetic Ions: A Bow Shock Source, S. W. Chang, J. D. Scudder, S. A. Fuselier, J. F. Fennell, K. J. Trattner, J. S. Pickett, Harlan E. Spence, J. D. Menietti, W. K. Peterson, R. P. Lepping, R. Friedel

Physics & Astronomy

Recent interpretations of cusp energetic ions observed by the POLAR spacecraft have suggested a new energization process in the cusp [Chen et al., 1997; 1998]. Simultaneous enhancement of H+, He+2, and O>+2 fluxes indicates that they are of solar wind origin. In the present study, we examine H+ and He+2 energy spectra from 20 eV to several 100 keV measured by the Hydra, Toroidal Imaging Mass-Angle Spectrograph (TIMAS), and Charge and Mass Magnetospheric Ion Composition Experiment (CAMMICE) on POLAR. The combined spectrum for each species is shown to be continuous with a …

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Saturation In “Nonmagnetic” Stainless Steel, Christopher P. Weber, J. Fajans Oct 1998

Saturation In “Nonmagnetic” Stainless Steel, Christopher P. Weber, J. Fajans

Physics

Scientific equipment often uses “nonmagnetic” stainless steel, relying on the steel’s nonmagnetic behavior to leave external magnetic fields unaltered. However, stainless steel’s permeability can rise significantly when it is welded or machined, possibly perturbing an external field. Such perturbations will diminish well above the stainless steel’s saturation point. The authors measured the permeability of both welded and machined 304 stainless steel as a function of an external magnetic field, and found that both saturate at fields of approximately 0.25 T.

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Magnetic Control Of Convection In Nonconducting Diamagnetic Fluids, J. Huang, D. D. Gray, Boyd F. Edwards Oct 1998

Magnetic Control Of Convection In Nonconducting Diamagnetic Fluids, J. Huang, D. D. Gray, Boyd F. Edwards

All Physics Faculty Publications

Inhomogeneous magnetic fields exert a body force on electrically nonconducting, diamagnetic fluids. This force can be used to compensate for gravity and to control convection. The field effect on convection is represented by a dimensionless vector parameter Rm=(μ0αχ0d3ΔT/ρ0νDT)(H⋅∇H)r=0ext, which measures the relative strength of the induced magnetic buoyancy force due to the applied field gradient. The vertical component of this parameter competes with the gravitational buoyancy effect and a critical relationship between this component and the Rayleigh number is identified for the onset of convection. …

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Qed On A Circle, James E. Hetrick, Y. Hosotani Oct 1998

Qed On A Circle, James E. Hetrick, Y. Hosotani

All Faculty Articles - School of Engineering and Computer Science

QED with massless fermions on a circle is exactly solved. The nonintegrable phase [see file], which is a dynamical degree of freedom on a circle, couples through the anomaly to the zero mode of the fermion-antifermion bound states, leading to the θ vacuum.

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Evidence Of Initial-State Two-Center Effects For (E, 2e) Reactions, Sindu P. Jones, Don H. Madison Oct 1998

Evidence Of Initial-State Two-Center Effects For (E, 2e) Reactions, Sindu P. Jones, Don H. Madison

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Coincidence, or (e, 2e), measurements of electron-impact ionization of atoms have established that the largest values of triply differential cross sections are obtained in collisions involving small momentum transfer to the target. Absolute measurements for these reactions are now available for hydrogen at 54.4-eV impact energy, and relative data have recently been reported at 27.2 eV. Previous theoretical works have concentrated on employing asymptotically correct two-center wave functions for the final state, leaving the initial state described by the Born approximation. Here we report results for which asymptotically correct two-center wave functions are used for both the initial and final …

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A Note On The Green Dyadic Calculation Of The Decay Rates For Admolecules At Multiple Planar Interfaces, P.T. Leung, R. L. Hartman, Scott M. Cohen Oct 1998

A Note On The Green Dyadic Calculation Of The Decay Rates For Admolecules At Multiple Planar Interfaces, P.T. Leung, R. L. Hartman, Scott M. Cohen

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

The Green dyadic formulation for calculating classical decay rates of admolecules at multiple planar interfaces first published by Chance, Prock and Silbey is reexamined. It is pointed out that, for the case of fluorescing molecules sandwiched between a system of super- and substrate interfaces, the original formalism requires significant modifications in order to lead to results consistent with those obtained from the Sommerfeld radiation theory.

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Computer Simulations Of Electromigration Based On A Molecular Dynamics Approach, John Stephen Peake Oct 1998

Computer Simulations Of Electromigration Based On A Molecular Dynamics Approach, John Stephen Peake

Electrical & Computer Engineering Theses & Dissertations

Most research on electromigration has centered around macroscopic simulations of electromigration where a value for the diffusion coefficient was assumed to be spatially uniform throughout the material. The research in this thesis goes a step further and, through microscopic molecular dynamics computer simulations, calculates and updates the atomic drift velocity and atomic position as a function of time to analyze how various defects within the conductor affect these quantities. The simulations are carried out with defects in the form of dislocation half-planes placed in different locations within the simulation space. The atomic drift velocity and position changes derived from these …

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The Development And Characterisation Of A Red-Sensitised Photopolymer Holographic Recording Material, Clodagh Feely Oct 1998

The Development And Characterisation Of A Red-Sensitised Photopolymer Holographic Recording Material, Clodagh Feely

Doctoral

The development and characterisation of a photopolymerisable photopolymer holographic recording material, for red sensitisation is described. The material comprises dye (methylene blue), an electron donor (triethanolamine) and monomer (acrylamide and methylene-bis-acrylamide). A binder is also included (poly(vinylalcohol) to allow recording in dry layer format. One of the main advantages of the material is its ability to self-develop, which makes it highly suitable for a range of applications which includes the fabrication of Holographic Optical Elements (HOEs). The optimisation of the material formula for red-sensitisation using holographic techniques is described. Diffraction efficiencies of over 70% were obtained in 25 seconds with …

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Auger Resonance Decay Process In Ar 2p Shell Excitation And Ionization, Y. Lu, Wayne C. Stolte, J.A. R. Samson Oct 1998

Auger Resonance Decay Process In Ar 2p Shell Excitation And Ionization, Y. Lu, Wayne C. Stolte, J.A. R. Samson

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Research

The production and subsequent autoionization of the Ar+ (1D2)6d1 satellite state that is formed either by shake-up or recapture during the Auger decay of a 2p vacancy in Ar has been studied by photoelectron spectroscopy in the energy region from 243 to 256 eV. The creation of near zero energy electrons below and immediately above the Ar 2p ionization threshold is discussed. Some ambiguous points in previous studies are clarified.

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A Zero Point And Accidental Errors For Published Values Of [Fe/H] For Cool Giants, B. J. Taylor Sep 1998

A Zero Point And Accidental Errors For Published Values Of [Fe/H] For Cool Giants, B. J. Taylor

Faculty Publications

This paper is one of a series based on published values of [Fe/H] for late-type evolved stars. Only values of [Fe/H] from high-dispersion spectroscopy or related techniques are used. The narrative in this paper begins at a point where mean values of [Fe/H] have been derived for xiVir, alphaBoo, betaGem, and the Hyades giants. By using these stars as standard stars when necessary, a zero-point data base is assembled. This data base is then expanded into its final version by correcting and adding additional data in a step-by-step process. As that process proceeds, data comparisons are used to establish rms …

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An Analysis Of Temperature Dependent Photoluminescence Line Shapes In Ingan, John S. Colton, K. L. Teo, P. Y. Yu, E. R. Weber, M. F. Li, W. Lui, K. Uchida, H. Tokunaga, N. Akutsu, K. Matsumoto Sep 1998

An Analysis Of Temperature Dependent Photoluminescence Line Shapes In Ingan, John S. Colton, K. L. Teo, P. Y. Yu, E. R. Weber, M. F. Li, W. Lui, K. Uchida, H. Tokunaga, N. Akutsu, K. Matsumoto

Faculty Publications

Photoluminescence (PL) line shapes in InGaN multiple quantum well structures have been studied experimentally and theoretically between 10 and 300 K. The higher temperature PL spectra can be fitted qualitatively with a thermalized carrier distribution and a broadened joint-density-of-states. The low temperature PL line shapes suggest that carriers are not thermalized, as a result of localization by band-gap fluctuations. We deduce a localization energy of ~7 meV as compared with an activation energy of ~63 meV from thermal quenching of the PL intensity. We thus conclude that this activation energy and the band-gap fluctuation most likely have different origins.

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Monte Carlo Renormalization Of 2d Simplicial Quantum Gravity Coupled To Gaussian Matter, Simon Catterall, Eric B. Gregory, G. Thorleifsson Sep 1998

Monte Carlo Renormalization Of 2d Simplicial Quantum Gravity Coupled To Gaussian Matter, Simon Catterall, Eric B. Gregory, G. Thorleifsson

Physics - All Scholarship

We extend a recently proposed real-space renormalization group scheme for dynamical triangulations to situations where the lattice is coupled to continuous scalar fields. Using Monte Carlo simulations in combination with a linear, stochastic blocking scheme for the scalar fields we are able to determine the leading eigenvalues of the stability matrix with good accuracy both for c = 1 and c = 10 theories.

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New Analytical Results On Anisotropic Membranes, Mark Bowick, Alex Travesset Sep 1998

New Analytical Results On Anisotropic Membranes, Mark Bowick, Alex Travesset

Physics - All Scholarship

We report on recent progress in understanding the tubular phase of self-avoiding anisotropic membranes. After an introduction to the problem, we sketch the renormalization group arguments and symmetry considerations that lead us to the most plausible fixed point structure of the model. We then employ an epsilon-expansion about the upper critical dimension to extrapolate to the physical interesting 3-dimensional case. The results are $\nu=0.62$ for the Flory exponent and $\zeta=0.80$ for the roughness exponent. Finally we comment on the importance that numerical tests may have to test these predictions.

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Comment On A Critique Of The Instantaneous Normal Mode (Inm) Approach To Diffusion, T. Keyes, Wu Xiong Li, Ulrich Zurcher Sep 1998

Comment On A Critique Of The Instantaneous Normal Mode (Inm) Approach To Diffusion, T. Keyes, Wu Xiong Li, Ulrich Zurcher

Physics Faculty Publications

A critique of the instantaneous normal mode (INM) theory of diffusion by Gezelter, Rabani, and Berne (GRB) [J. Chem. Phys. 107, 4618 (1997)] is analyzed. GRB assert that imaginary-frequency INM are corrupted with modes unrelated to barrier crossing, that proposals for removing such nondiffusive (ND) modes are inadequate, and thus that INM cannot be used to predict the self-diffusion constant, D. In rebuttal it is argued that Lennard-Jones, the system studied by GRB, is anamolously rich in ND modes. INM in molecular liquids are shown to behave as excellent indicators of barrier crossing. Even in LJ ND-INM, while plentiful, do …

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Chemical Signals From Submarine Fluid Advection Onto The Continental Shelf, W. S. Moore, Timothy J. Shaw Sep 1998

Chemical Signals From Submarine Fluid Advection Onto The Continental Shelf, W. S. Moore, Timothy J. Shaw

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Wave-Vector-Dependent Exchange Splitting In A Local Moment System, C. Waldfried, T. Mcavoy, D. Welipitiya, Takashi Komesu, Peter A. Dowben, Elio Vescovo Sep 1998

Wave-Vector-Dependent Exchange Splitting In A Local Moment System, C. Waldfried, T. Mcavoy, D. Welipitiya, Takashi Komesu, Peter A. Dowben, Elio Vescovo

Peter Dowben Publications

Wave-vector-dependent exchange splitting in a local moment system The electronic structure of strained thin films of Gd has been studied with spin- and angle-resolved photoemission and spin-polarized inverse photoemission. The spin-dependent electronic structure is dominated by a very distinct k dependence of the exchange splitting. The surface magnetic structure is observed to be different from that of the bulk, as indicated by the different electronic structure and a much higher surface Curie temperature. The 4% strain within the Gd films results in an enhanced Curie temperature.

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Dynamics Of The Conformal Mode And Simplicial Gravity, Simon Catterall, Emil Mottola, T. Bhattacharya Sep 1998

Dynamics Of The Conformal Mode And Simplicial Gravity, Simon Catterall, Emil Mottola, T. Bhattacharya

Physics - All Scholarship

We review the derivation of the Liouville action in 2DQG via the trace anomaly and emphasize how a similar approach can be used to derive an effective action describing the long wavelength dynamics of the conformal factor in 4D. In 2D we describe how to make an explicit connection between dynamical triangulations and this continuum theory, and present results which confirm the equivalance of the two approaches. By reconstructing a lattice conformal mode from DT simulations it should be possible to test this equivalence in 4D also.

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Anisotropic Membranes, Simon Catterall, Mark Bowick, Simeon Warner, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Marco Falcioni Sep 1998

Anisotropic Membranes, Simon Catterall, Mark Bowick, Simeon Warner, Gudmar Thorleifsson, Marco Falcioni

Physics - All Scholarship

We describe the statistical behavior of anisotropic crystalline membranes. In particular we give the phase diagram and critical exponents for phantom membranes and discuss the generalization to self-avoiding membranes.

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Catalogs Of Temperatures And [Fe/H] Averages For Evolved G And K Stars, B. J. Taylor Sep 1998

Catalogs Of Temperatures And [Fe/H] Averages For Evolved G And K Stars, B. J. Taylor

Faculty Publications

A catalog of mean values of [Fe/H] for evolved G and K stars is described. The zero point for the catalog entries has been established by using differential analyses. Literature sources for those entries are included in the catalog. The mean values are given with rms errors and numbers of degrees of freedom, and a simple example of the use of these statistical data is given. For a number of the stars with entries in the catalog, temperatures have been determined. A separate catalog containing those data is briefly described.

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Optical Implementation Of The Wavelet Transform By Using A Bacteriorhodopsin Film As An Optically Addressed Spatial Light Modulator, Joby Joseph, F. J. Aranda, D.V.G.L.N. Rao, B. S. Decristofano, B. R. Kimball, M. Nakashima Sep 1998

Optical Implementation Of The Wavelet Transform By Using A Bacteriorhodopsin Film As An Optically Addressed Spatial Light Modulator, Joby Joseph, F. J. Aranda, D.V.G.L.N. Rao, B. S. Decristofano, B. R. Kimball, M. Nakashima

Physics Faculty Publications

An optical system utilizing the photoinduced dichroism in a bacteriorhodopsin film has been demonstrated for the optical implementation of wavelet transforms. The dichroism, induced by the image of a wavelet filter on a bacteriorhodopsin film leads to polarization rotation of the Fourier components of an image. The polarization-rotated Fourier components of an input scene are analyzed with a polarizer to give the wavelet transform components. The dichroism is induced with beams whose profiles are determined by wavelet filters in order to perform the optical wavelet transform.

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The Global Response Of Relativistic Radiation Belt Electrons To The January 1997 Magnetic Cloud, G. D. Reeves, D. N. Baker, R. D. Belian, J. B. Blake, T. E. Cayton, J. F. Fennell, R. H.W. Friedel, M. M. Meier, R. S. Selesnick, Harlan E. Spence Sep 1998

The Global Response Of Relativistic Radiation Belt Electrons To The January 1997 Magnetic Cloud, G. D. Reeves, D. N. Baker, R. D. Belian, J. B. Blake, T. E. Cayton, J. F. Fennell, R. H.W. Friedel, M. M. Meier, R. S. Selesnick, Harlan E. Spence

Physics & Astronomy

In January 1997 a large fleet of NASA and US military satellites provided the most complete observations to date of the changes in >2 MeV electrons during a geomagnetic storm. Observations at geosynchronous orbit revealed a somewhat unusual two-peaked enhancement in relativistic electron fluxes [ Reeves et al., 1998]. In the heart of the radiation belts at L ≈ 4, however, there was a single enhancement followed by a gradual decay. Radial profiles from the POLAR and GPS satellites revealed three distinct phases. (1) In the acceleration phase electron fluxes increased simultaneously at L ≈ 4–6. (2) During the …

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Radial Distribution Of Electron Spectra From High-Energy Ions, Francis A. Cucinotta, Robert Katz, John W. Wilson Sep 1998

Radial Distribution Of Electron Spectra From High-Energy Ions, Francis A. Cucinotta, Robert Katz, John W. Wilson

Robert Katz Publications

The average track model describes the response of physical and biological systems using radial dose distribution as the key physical descriptor. We report on an extension of this model to describe the average distribution of electron spectra as a function of radial distance from an ion. We present calculations of these spectra for ions of identical linear energy transfer (LET), but dissimilar charge and velocity to evaluate the differences in electron spectra from these ions. To illustrate the usefulness of the radial electron spectra for describing effects that are not described by electron dose, we consider the evaluation of the …

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Applications Of Secondary Electron Energy- And Angular-Distributions To Spacecraft Charging, Neal Nickles, R. E. Davies Sep 1998

Applications Of Secondary Electron Energy- And Angular-Distributions To Spacecraft Charging, Neal Nickles, R. E. Davies

All Physics Faculty Presentations

Secondary electron (SE) emission from spacecraft surfaces as a result of energetic electron bombardment is a key process in the electrical charging of spacecraft. It has been suggested that incorporating more complete knowledge of the energy- and angular-distributions of secondary electrons is necessary to fully model how SE emission and spacecraft charging are affected by re-adsorption of low energy electrons in the presence of charge-induced electrostatic fields and ambient magnetic fields in the spacecraft environment. We present data for such energy- and angular-distributions from sputtered, polycrystalline gold surfaces. The data are compared to empirical SE emission models and found to …

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Continuum Charged D* Spin Alignment At √S =10.5 Gev, G. Brandenburg, Kenneth A. Bloom, Cleo Collaboration Sep 1998

Continuum Charged D* Spin Alignment At √S =10.5 Gev, G. Brandenburg, Kenneth A. Bloom, Cleo Collaboration

Kenneth Bloom Publications

A measurement of the spin alignment of charged D* mesons produced in continuum e+e- → cc̅ events at √s = 10.5 GeV is presented. This study using 4.72 fb-1 of CLEO II data shows that there is little evidence of any D* spin alignment.

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Track Structure Model For Radial Distributions Of Electron Spectra And Event Spectra From High-Energy Ions, F. A. Cucinotta, Robert Katz, J. W. Wilson Sep 1998

Track Structure Model For Radial Distributions Of Electron Spectra And Event Spectra From High-Energy Ions, F. A. Cucinotta, Robert Katz, J. W. Wilson

Robert Katz Publications

An analytic method is described for evaluating the average radial electron spectrum and the radial and total frequency-event spectrum for high-energy ions. For high-energy ions, indirect events make important contributions to frequency-event spectra. The method used for evaluating indirect events is to fold the radial electron spectrum with measured frequency-event spectrum for photons or electrons. The contribution from direct events is treated using a spatially restricted linear energy transfer (LET). We find that high-energy heavy ions have a significantly reduced frequency-averaged lineal energy (YF) compared to LET, while relativistic protons have a significantly increased YF and dose-averaged lineal energy (YD) …

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Can Photoemission Accurately Probe The Bulk Electronic Structure Of The Complex Oxides?, Jaewu Choi, C. Waldfried, Sy_Hwang Liou, Peter A. Dowben Sep 1998

Can Photoemission Accurately Probe The Bulk Electronic Structure Of The Complex Oxides?, Jaewu Choi, C. Waldfried, Sy_Hwang Liou, Peter A. Dowben

Peter Dowben Publications

The surface of the complex oxides, in particular the manganese perovskites, is dominated by a different free enthalpy at the surface. This can be demonstrated by surface segregation after annealing the samples. By comparing relative x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy intensities of the manganese perovskite La1-xCaxMnO3 (x=0.1, 0.35) for different emission angles, the profile of elemental concentration was determined. Analysis shows evidence for pronounced surface segregation of calcium. Our results suggest that there are strong differences between surface and bulk enthalpies without segregation or surface relaxation. This is consistent with the previously observed surface resonance …

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Low-Field Hopping Among Randomly-Distributed Sites With Uncorrelated Energetic Disorder, Paul Ernest Parris Sep 1998

Low-Field Hopping Among Randomly-Distributed Sites With Uncorrelated Energetic Disorder, Paul Ernest Parris

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

The low-field mobility μ of a small concentration of charge carriers hopping among a random distribution of transport sites is studied, as a function of the mean interparticle spacing ρ and the temperature T, for model systems having different site-energy distribution functions. For a uniform density of states our calculations show that the mobility obeys empirical scaling laws similar to those found in the theory of variable-range hopping. For a binary distribution of site energies we observe a crossover as a function of site density between trap-limited conduction and trap-mediated conduction. For a Gaussian density of states our results confirm …

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