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1992

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Articles 91 - 120 of 261

Full-Text Articles in Physics

Convective Instability Of Autocatalytic Reaction Fronts In Vertical Cylinders, D. A. Vasquez, J. W. Wilder, Boyd F. Edwards Jul 1992

Convective Instability Of Autocatalytic Reaction Fronts In Vertical Cylinders, D. A. Vasquez, J. W. Wilder, Boyd F. Edwards

All Physics Faculty Publications

Linear stability analysis predicts that the onset of convection for an ascending autocatalytic reaction front in a vertical cylinder corresponds to a nonaxisymmetric mode. This mode consists of a single convective roll confined to the region near the reaction front, with fluid rising in half of the cylinder and falling in the other half. Experiments show a flat front below the onset of convection and an axisymmetric front well above the onset of convection. New experiments are called for to closely examine the onset of convection in order to test this prediction.

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Investigation Of Alignment Dynamics In Mg-Ne And Mg-Ar Two-Photon Fractional Collisions, David Allen Olsgaard Jul 1992

Investigation Of Alignment Dynamics In Mg-Ne And Mg-Ar Two-Photon Fractional Collisions, David Allen Olsgaard

Physics Theses & Dissertations

A new technique is used to observe the dynamics of electronic alignment in a dissociating collision complex. The technique requires the absorption of two optical photons during a single binary collision. Two exciting light fields are tuned into the wings of the 3s1s0-3p1 and 3p1p1-5s1s0 resonances of Mg where strong collisions with rare gas atoms induce transitions between corresponding molecular states. The alignment produced in the intermediate state by the first excitation is probed by the second laser as a function of relative linear laser polarization and laser …

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The Elastic Moduli Of A Sheet Containing Circular Holes, Anthony Day, K. Snyder, E. Garboczi, M. Thorpe Jun 1992

The Elastic Moduli Of A Sheet Containing Circular Holes, Anthony Day, K. Snyder, E. Garboczi, M. Thorpe

Anthony Roy Day

We apply computer simulation techniques to obtain the clastic moduli of a matrix containing circular holes. As the area fraction of holes increases, the Young's modulus of the composite decreases from E0 until it eventually vanishes at the percolation threshold. We study three distinct geometries: (a) periodically centered circular holes on a honeycomb lattice, (b) periodically centered circular holes on a triangular lattice, and (c) randomly centered circular holes. All three cases have the same dilute limit that can be calculated exactly. By examining the narrow necks between adjacent circles, we have calculated the critical behavior for the regular cases …

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Measurement Of The Electric And Magnetic Form Factors Of The Proton From Q2 1.75 To 8.83 (Gev/C)2, P E. Bosted, L Clogher, A Lung, R G. Arnold, R S. Hicks, R A. Miskimen, Gerald Alvin Peterson Jun 1992

Measurement Of The Electric And Magnetic Form Factors Of The Proton From Q2 1.75 To 8.83 (Gev/C)2, P E. Bosted, L Clogher, A Lung, R G. Arnold, R S. Hicks, R A. Miskimen, Gerald Alvin Peterson

Gerald Alvin Peterson

The proton elastic electric and magnetic form factors, GEM and G’bfP(Q2), have been separately measured in the range Q” =1.75 to 8.83 (GeV/c)2, more than doubling the Q3 range of previous data. Scaled by the dipole fit, Go(Q2), the results for Gnlp(Q2)//+G~(Q2) d ecrease smoothly from 1.05 to 0.91, while G~p(Q~)lcdQ~) is consistent with unity. Comparisons are made to QCD Sum L-eRule, diquark, constituent quark, and VMD models, none of whic,h agree with all of the new data. The ratio Q2F2/Fl approaches a constant value for Q2 > 3 ( GeV/c)2. --p;. .- -- 2

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Quasi-Discretization Of The Electron Continuum Emitted In Collisions Of 0.6 Mev U−¹ Au11+ With Noble Gases, S. Hagmann, W. Wolff, J. L. Shinpaugh, H. E. Wolf, Ronald E. Olson, C. P. Bhalla, R. Shingal, C. Kelbch, R. Herrmann, O. Jagutzki, R. Dörner, R. Koch, J. Euler, U. Ramm Jun 1992

Quasi-Discretization Of The Electron Continuum Emitted In Collisions Of 0.6 Mev U−¹ Au11+ With Noble Gases, S. Hagmann, W. Wolff, J. L. Shinpaugh, H. E. Wolf, Ronald E. Olson, C. P. Bhalla, R. Shingal, C. Kelbch, R. Herrmann, O. Jagutzki, R. Dörner, R. Koch, J. Euler, U. Ramm

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

We have measured relative doubly differential cross sections for electron emission in collisions of 0.6 MeV u−1 Au11+ projectile ions with He, Ne and Ar targets for laboratory electron-detection angles between 17' and 80' and electron energies from 100 eV to well above the classical binary encounter region. The authors observe that, independent of the target Zt, the electron spectra display three characteristic peak-line structures whose energies are nearly invariant with observation angle. These structures are attributed to the diffraction of quasi-free target electrons in the potential of the projectile. © 1992 IOP Publishing Ltd.

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Electron Emission From Foils Induced By Energetic Heavy-Ion Impact, R. A. Sparrow, Ronald E. Olson, D. Schneider Jun 1992

Electron Emission From Foils Induced By Energetic Heavy-Ion Impact, R. A. Sparrow, Ronald E. Olson, D. Schneider

Physics Faculty Research & Creative Works

Doubly differential cross sections have been measured and calculated for the electron emission produced by collisions of 3.5 MeV u−1 U38+ on thin carbon foils. The electron emission is observed in both forward and backward directions. Calculations are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results in both shape and absolute magnitude. At intermediate foil thicknesses, a double binary peak structure is observed that is due to 0° binary electrons being elastically scattered to angle θ along with those that are produced at θ and suffer no large-angle scattering events in the foil. Absolute electron yields show that several …

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Numerical Study Of C>1 Matter Coupled To Quantum Gravity, Simon Catterall, John B. Kogut, Ray L. Renken Jun 1992

Numerical Study Of C>1 Matter Coupled To Quantum Gravity, Simon Catterall, John B. Kogut, Ray L. Renken

Physics - All Scholarship

We present the results of a numerical simulation aimed at understanding the nature of the `c = 1 barrier' in two dimensional quantum gravity. We study multiple Ising models living on dynamical \phi^3 graphs and analyse the behaviour of moments of the graph loop distribution. We notice a universality at work as the average properties of typical graphs from the ensemble are determined only by the central charge. We further argue that the qualitative nature of these results can be understood from considering the effect of fluctuations about a mean field solution in the Ising sector.

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Coherent Population Transfer Via The Continuum, C. E. Carroll, Foek T. Hioe Jun 1992

Coherent Population Transfer Via The Continuum, C. E. Carroll, Foek T. Hioe

Physics Faculty/Staff Publications

We present a remarkable analytic result which suggests that a continuum can be used as an intermediary for a significant transfer of population from one discrete state to another discrete state in a stimulated Raman transition. the population transfer is accomplished by employing two laser pulses that overlap in time, arranged in the so-called counterintuitive order. That a continuum can be used for population transfer is shown here for the first time. It promises to open up more channels for selective coherent excitation of atoms or molecules.

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Diffusion-Limited Reactions In Spherical Cavities, Amy Lisa Graves, Elizabeth L. Grossman , '92, Dane D. Morgan Iii, '92, B. J. Berne Jun 1992

Diffusion-Limited Reactions In Spherical Cavities, Amy Lisa Graves, Elizabeth L. Grossman , '92, Dane D. Morgan Iii, '92, B. J. Berne

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Works

We study a quenching reaction occurring at sinks within a spherical cavity and at the cavity surface. One may think of reactions at these two, distinct locations as two, coupled reactive channels. Reactions of the type D* + A-->D + A are studied in the limit of nondilute A, present at both locations, and dilute D, present within the cavity. We use a Monte Carlo algorithm to compute mean rates, pseudo-first-order rates and branching ratios, and compare with results obtained by assuming that the two reactive channels operate in parallel. The ratio of activities of the two channels are …

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Self Organization And A Dynamical Transition In Traffic Flow Models, Alan Middleton, Ofer Biham, Dov Levine Jun 1992

Self Organization And A Dynamical Transition In Traffic Flow Models, Alan Middleton, Ofer Biham, Dov Levine

Physics - All Scholarship

A simple model that describes traffic flow in two dimensions is studied. A sharp {\it jamming transition } is found that separates between the low density dynamical phase in which all cars move at maximal speed and the high density jammed phase in which they are all stuck. Self organization effects in both phases are studied and discussed.

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Three Dimensional Quantum Gravity Coupled To Ising Matter, Simon Catterall, Ray L. Renken, John B. Kogut Jun 1992

Three Dimensional Quantum Gravity Coupled To Ising Matter, Simon Catterall, Ray L. Renken, John B. Kogut

Physics - All Scholarship

We establish the phase diagram of three--dimensional quantum gravity coupled to Ising matter. We find that in the negative curvature phase of the quantum gravity there is no disordered phase for ferromagnetic Ising matter because the coordination number of the sites diverges. In the positive curvature phase of the quantum gravity there is evidence for two spin phases with a first order transition between them.

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Water Masers In W49n - The Youngest Stellar Jet?, Mordecai-Mark Mac Low, Moshe Elitzur Jun 1992

Water Masers In W49n - The Youngest Stellar Jet?, Mordecai-Mark Mac Low, Moshe Elitzur

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Observations by Gwinn, Moran, and Reid of the proper motions of water masers in W49N show that they have an elongated distribution expanding from a common center. Features with high space velocity only occur far from the center, while low-velocity features occur at all distances. It is proposed that water masers in star-forming regions occur in expanding shells swept up by high-velocity winds from young, massive stars during the early phases of the expansion. In W49N, confinement of the bubble by a density distribution with an axial cavity can explain both the velocity field and the shape of the maser …

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Limaçon Of Pascal Locus Of The Complex Refractive Indices Of Interfaces With Maximally Flat Reflectance-Versus-Angle Curves For Incident Unpolarized Light, R. M.A. Azzam Jun 1992

Limaçon Of Pascal Locus Of The Complex Refractive Indices Of Interfaces With Maximally Flat Reflectance-Versus-Angle Curves For Incident Unpolarized Light, R. M.A. Azzam

Electrical Engineering Faculty Publications

For an interface between two isotropic media the power reflectance Rv (ø) is an even function, Rv (ø) = Rv (--), of the angle of incidence ø; hence all the odd derivatives, Rv(n) = dn Rv /døn (n odd), are identically 0 at ø = 0, independent of the incident polarization v. When the incident light is unpolarized (v = u), the second derivative, Ru(2), is also 0 at ø = 0, so that the flatness of the Ru -versus-ø curve …

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Mechanisms For Gaas Surface Passivation By A Molecular-Beam Epitaxial Cap Layer Grown At 200-Degrees-C, David C. Look, D. C. Walters, C. E. Stutz, K. R. Evans, J. R. Sizelove Jun 1992

Mechanisms For Gaas Surface Passivation By A Molecular-Beam Epitaxial Cap Layer Grown At 200-Degrees-C, David C. Look, D. C. Walters, C. E. Stutz, K. R. Evans, J. R. Sizelove

Physics Faculty Publications

A thin, undoped, molecular beam epitaxial (MBE) GaAs cap layer grown on top of an n‐type conductive layer significantly reduces the free‐electron depletion from the latter. By analyzing electron transfer to surface, interface, and bulk acceptor states in the cap, as a function of cap thickness, we show that either (1) the usual EC−0.7 eV surface states are absent, (2) a dense donor near EC−0.4 eV exists or (3) a high donor interface charge (∼5×1012 cm−2) is present. Any of these conclusions constitutes an important new aspect of low‐temperature MBE GaAs.

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Native Donors And Acceptors In Molecular-Beam Epitaxial Gaas Grown At 200 Degrees C, David C. Look, D. C. Walters, M. Mier, C. E. Stutz, S. K. Brierley Jun 1992

Native Donors And Acceptors In Molecular-Beam Epitaxial Gaas Grown At 200 Degrees C, David C. Look, D. C. Walters, M. Mier, C. E. Stutz, S. K. Brierley

Physics Faculty Publications

Absorption measurements at 1.1 and 1.2 μm were used along with the known electron and hole photoionization cross sections for EL2 to determine deep donor (EL2‐like) and acceptor concentrations ND=9.9×1019 and NA=7.9×1018 cm−3, respectively, in a 2‐μm‐thick molecular‐beam epitaxial GaAs layer grown at 200 °C on a 2‐in.‐diam semi‐insulating wafer. Both lateral and depth uniformities of ND over the wafer were excellent as was also the case for the conductivity. Band conduction was negligible compared to hopping conduction at 296 K as evidenced by the lack of a measurable Hall coefficient.

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Magnetization And 57Fe Hyperfine Fields In Y2Fe17Z3- Δ (Z=H, C, Or N) Interstitial Compounds, Qi-Nian Qi, Hong Sun, Ralph Skomski, J.M.D. Coey Jun 1992

Magnetization And 57Fe Hyperfine Fields In Y2Fe17Z3- Δ (Z=H, C, Or N) Interstitial Compounds, Qi-Nian Qi, Hong Sun, Ralph Skomski, J.M.D. Coey

Ralph Skomski Publications

Measured magnetization and 57Fe hyperfine fields at T∼0 K for Y2Fe17 and Y2Fe17Z3- δ , with Z=H, C, or N and δ∼0.5, are analyzed to determine the influence of the interstitial atoms on the 3d magnetism. All are weak ferromagnets with a nearly-full 3d subband, although when Z=N, the magnetic moment of 38.1μB is very close to the fully saturated value of 39.4μB. On a local scale, the order of hyperfine fields Bhf4f (=35 T)> Bhf6g (=33 T)> Bhf12j …

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Direct Measurement Of The Van Der Waals Interaction Between An Atom And Its Images In A Micron-Sized Cavity, V. Sandoghdar, C. I. Sukenik, E. A. Hinds, S. Haroche Jun 1992

Direct Measurement Of The Van Der Waals Interaction Between An Atom And Its Images In A Micron-Sized Cavity, V. Sandoghdar, C. I. Sukenik, E. A. Hinds, S. Haroche

Physics Faculty Publications

The authors have measured by laser spectroscopy the energy of interaction between a sodium atom and its images in the walls of a micron-sized cavity. This cavity-QED study is the first direct quantitative test of the Lennard-Jones van der Waals interaction as a function of controlled atom-surface separation and mean-square electric dipole moment.

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Crystalline Orientations Of Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3OΧ Grains On Mgo, Srtio3, And Laalo3 Substrates, Sy_Hwang Liou, C.Y. Wu Jun 1992

Crystalline Orientations Of Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3OΧ Grains On Mgo, Srtio3, And Laalo3 Substrates, Sy_Hwang Liou, C.Y. Wu

Sy-Hwang Liou Publications

Crystalline orientations of Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3Oχ grains in magnetron sputtered films on MgO (001), SrTiO3 (001), and LaAlO3 (001) substrates were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. In contrast to the nearly single crystalline films on the lattice matched substrates SrTiO3 and LaAlO3, films on the MgO (001) substrate, being polycrystalline in nature, exhibit several preferred in-plane grain orientations. These orientations agree well with a simplified theory of near-coincidence site lattices between Tl2Ba2Ca2Cu3Oχ and MgO.

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Prediction Of Paper Color: A Process Simulation Approach, Mayank Chaturvedi Jun 1992

Prediction Of Paper Color: A Process Simulation Approach, Mayank Chaturvedi

Masters Theses

A simulation model was developed for a dye mixing process and for the prediction of the optical properties of the paper. The model was integrated with the MAPPS (Modular Analysis of Pulp and Paper Systems) simulation software package. The model was validated using dyed handsheets made in a laboratory and dyed paper made on a pilot papermachine. Validation comprised of prediction of the optical properties of the handsheets and the machine-made paper which contained various combinations of three non-fluorescent dyes. Sheet reflectances were predicted at 20 nanometer intervals for discrete light wavelength range of 400 to 700 nanometers and verified …

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Double Differential Cross Sections For State-Selective Electron Capture By Low-Energy Ar4+ And Ar5+ Ions From He And Ar, Serefettin Yaltkaya Jun 1992

Double Differential Cross Sections For State-Selective Electron Capture By Low-Energy Ar4+ And Ar5+ Ions From He And Ar, Serefettin Yaltkaya

Masters Theses

Doubly differential cross sections, in angle and energy, for state-selective single-electron capture from He and Ar by Ar4+ and Ar5+ ions have been studied experimentally at laboratory impact energies of 25q, 50q, and lOOq eV (q = 4 and 5, where q is the ion charge state) and at laboratory scattering angles between 0° and 5.5°, by means of translational energy spectroscopy. The translational energy-gain spectra show that only a few final states are selectively populated. Final-state transition probabilities were found to depend strongly on the charge state of the projectile ion and the ionization potential of the …

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Some Stability Problems In Droplet Formation And Breakup (Report Lstm 351/T/92)., Nihad E. Daidzic May 1992

Some Stability Problems In Droplet Formation And Breakup (Report Lstm 351/T/92)., Nihad E. Daidzic

Aviation Department Publications

In this study the instability of droplets and cylindrical jets is investigated. The understanding of these processes has both academic and practical value. Instability of cylindrical jets is theoretically investigated for infinitesimal and finite, but small initial amplitudes (linear and nonlinear stability). For droplets, only linear theory is presented. It is assumed that the capillary force play a dominant role. It is determined that the viscosity exerts a damping effect. In the first section we give an introduction, after which the linear stability theory of cylindrical liquid jets is presented. In the third section the nonlinear jet stability theory is …

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Tamm States In Finite Semiconductor Superlattices: Influence Of Accumulation And Depletion Layers, Roger H. Yu May 1992

Tamm States In Finite Semiconductor Superlattices: Influence Of Accumulation And Depletion Layers, Roger H. Yu

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

We discuss the electronic-level structure of finite semiconductor superlattices and the influence of accumulation and depletion regions on the surface localized states (Tamm states). Exact solutions of the Poisson and Schrödinger equations are obtained self-consistently, through use of a nonuniform jellium model. Both high-energy and low-energy Tamm states are found.

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Thermal Rounding Of The Charge Density Wave Depinning Transition, Alan Middleton May 1992

Thermal Rounding Of The Charge Density Wave Depinning Transition, Alan Middleton

Physics - All Scholarship

The rounding of the charge density wave depinning transition by thermal noise is examined. Hops by localized modes over small barriers trigger ``avalanches'', resulting in a creep velocity much larger than that expected from comparing thermal energies with typical barriers. For a field equal to the $T=0$ depinning field, the creep velocity is predicted to have a {\em power-law} dependence on the temperature $T$; numerical computations confirm this result. The predicted order of magnitude of the thermal rounding of the depinning transition is consistent with rounding seen in experiment.

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Rayleigh-Brillouin Scattering To Determine One-Dimensional Temperature And Number Density Profiles Of A Gas Flow Field, James A. Lock, Richard G. Seasholtz, W. Trevor John May 1992

Rayleigh-Brillouin Scattering To Determine One-Dimensional Temperature And Number Density Profiles Of A Gas Flow Field, James A. Lock, Richard G. Seasholtz, W. Trevor John

Physics Faculty Publications

Rayleigh-Brillouin spectra for heated nitrogen gas were measured by imaging the output of a Fabry-Perot interferometer onto a CCD array The spectra were compared with the theoretical 6-moment model of Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering convolved with the Fabry-Perot instrument function. Estimates of the temperature and a dimensionless parameter proportional to the number density of the gas as functions of position in the laser beam were calculated by least-squares deviation fits between theory and experiment.

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Evidence For The Formation Of Metallic Mercury Overlayers On Si(111), Dongqi Li, Jiandi Zhang, Sunwoo Lee, Peter A. Dowben May 1992

Evidence For The Formation Of Metallic Mercury Overlayers On Si(111), Dongqi Li, Jiandi Zhang, Sunwoo Lee, Peter A. Dowben

Peter Dowben Publications

A strongly chemisorbed Hg species is observed following the adsorption of Hg on Si(111) at 110 K. This strongly chemisorbed Hg species and subsequently weakly chemisorbed Hg species are observed to be metallic in the photoemission final state as determined by resonant photoemission and the reduction of photovoltaic charging. We postulate that the strongly chemisorbed Hg species on Si(111) is more metallic at dilute coverages than Hg adsorbed on Cu(100).

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Mutual Information, Strange Attractors, And The Optimal Estimation Of Dimension, J. M. Martinerie, Alfonso M. Albano, A. I. Mees, P. E. Rapp May 1992

Mutual Information, Strange Attractors, And The Optimal Estimation Of Dimension, J. M. Martinerie, Alfonso M. Albano, A. I. Mees, P. E. Rapp

Physics Faculty Research and Scholarship

It has been shown that the appropriate setting of data windows is crucial to a successful estimation of a time-series correlation dimension using the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm [Physica 9D, 189 (1983); Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 346 (1983)], and it has been proposed that the first minimum of the corresponding mutual-information function may be an appropriate window value. We have tested this hypothesis against data generated by the Rossler equations, the Lorenz equations, and a three-dimensional irrational torus. We conclude that mutual information is not consistently successful in identifying the optimal window.

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Selective Area, Synchrotron Radiation Induced, Delta Doping Of Silicon, R.A. Rosenberg, S.P. Frigo, Sunwoo Lee, Peter A. Dowben May 1992

Selective Area, Synchrotron Radiation Induced, Delta Doping Of Silicon, R.A. Rosenberg, S.P. Frigo, Sunwoo Lee, Peter A. Dowben

Peter Dowben Publications

We have used broadband synchrotron radiation to induce selective area surface doping of boron into silicon. The source of the boron was nido-decaborane (B10H14) adsorbed on Si(111) at 100 K. Irradiation caused decomposition of the adsorbed molecule which lead to an enhanced concentration of free boron in the irradiated area. Using Si 2p core level photoelectron spectroscopy, the surface chemical composition and Fermi level position in both the irradiated and unirradiated regions were determined. The downward movement of the Fermi level was greater in the irradiated region than in the unirradiated region, and greater …

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Incorporation Of Si And Al In Low Temperature Mbe Gaas, M. O. Manasreh, K. R. Evans, C. E. Stutz, David C. Look May 1992

Incorporation Of Si And Al In Low Temperature Mbe Gaas, M. O. Manasreh, K. R. Evans, C. E. Stutz, David C. Look

Physics Faculty Publications

The localized vibrational modes (LVMs) of silicon donor (SiGa) and aluminum isovalent (AlGa) impurities in molecular beam epitaxial GaAs layers grown at various temperatures are studied using the infrared absorption technique. It is found that the total integrated absorption of these impurities LVMs is decreased as the growth temperature decreases. This finding suggests a nonsubstitutional incorporation of Si and Al in GaAs layers grown at 200 °C. On the other hand, a subtitutional incorporation is obtained in GaAs layers grown at temperatures higher than 350 °C. A recovery of the SiGa LVMs in GaAs layers …

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The Three-Line Magnetic Hyperfine Spectrum Of 57Fe, Norman A. Blum, Richard B. Frankel May 1992

The Three-Line Magnetic Hyperfine Spectrum Of 57Fe, Norman A. Blum, Richard B. Frankel

Physics

Longitudinal magnetization of a 57Co in iron metal foil source and an iron metal foil absorber in a uniform external magnetic field results in a simple three-line magnetic hyperfine absorption spectrum. Measurement of the spectral splitting as a function of applied magnetic field yields the 57Fe excited-and ground-state g-factors.

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Thermal Conductivity Of Thermoelectric Si0.8‐Ge0.2 Alloys, D. P. White, P. G. Clemens May 1992

Thermal Conductivity Of Thermoelectric Si0.8‐Ge0.2 Alloys, D. P. White, P. G. Clemens

Physics Faculty Publications

The thermal conductivity of heavily doped, n-type Si-Ge alloys has been studied from 300 to 1200 K. The scattering rate of several phonon scattering mechanisms has been calculated, including intrinsic scattering, mass defect and distortion scattering, phonon-electron scattering, and scattering by inclusions. These rates were then used to calculate the lattice thermal conductivity. The electronic component of the thermal conductivity was calculated from the calculated Lorenz ratio and measured values of the electrical conductivity. The total thermal conductivity was then compared to measured values for a specimen studied by Vining et al.

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