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Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

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Articles 361 - 390 of 397

Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

Comprehensive Land Use Planning: Its Development And Potential Impact On Coastal Zone Management, Raymond A. Siuta May 1973

Comprehensive Land Use Planning: Its Development And Potential Impact On Coastal Zone Management, Raymond A. Siuta

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Presently, the United States is in the midst of a "revolution" concerning the management and use regulation of its land resources. This peaceful "revolution" is occurring as a consequence of local government's inability to properly enforce land use controls and to adequately cope with rapid land development. However, this paper in discussing land use controls comments only on those comprehensive efforts directly affecting the coastal zone or indirectly affecting it through all-inclusive land manage regulations. This narrow discussion should not indicate to the reader that specific land use proposals have not been introduce for impact on other physiographic regions.

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The Federal Waste Water Treatment System Construction Grant Program: What It Requires Of States And How It Works, L. C. Leopold May 1973

The Federal Waste Water Treatment System Construction Grant Program: What It Requires Of States And How It Works, L. C. Leopold

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper is the result of a study conducted to inform the author as to how the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) relates to state and intrastate programs that deal with waste water treatment systems in a coastal state. The investigation centered on how EPA actually manages its functions and assistance directed towards state-level and local-level efforts to control sewage treatment facilities. The study was not limited only to the federal-to-state-flow dynamics. It also looked at areas of purely state function, state-to-local flow, and also the opposite situation of local-to-sate-to-federal oriented inputs.

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The Legal Aspects Of Containerization, C. Douglas Skinner May 1973

The Legal Aspects Of Containerization, C. Douglas Skinner

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

A not-so-quiet revolution has been sweeping the transportation industry with the advent of containerization, a practice wherein goods are loaded into a 20' by 40' x 8' box of metal, wood or fiberglass, sealed, and shipped as a unit or package via rail, truck, freighter, or even air. While the use of the container for point-to-point shipment is part of the larger aspect of intermodal transportation, or the process through which the container travels by way of the differing methods or modes of transportation, this paper will deal primarily in how the ocean shipping industry interacts legally with the other …

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Solid Waste Disposal And Ocean Dumping, John William Sellers Apr 1973

Solid Waste Disposal And Ocean Dumping, John William Sellers

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

A broad-scope overview of the solid waste disposal problem as intensified by legislation against ocean dumping of such wastes. Since the problem of increasing ocean pollution was partly solved by extensive restrictions on ocean dumping, wastes formerly disposed of in the oceans must now be disposed of by other methods. These alternative methods are discussed and cost estimates applied insofar as feasible; effects on the environment and on the conservation of natural resources are also discussed. Efforts should be directed to determine the level of solid waste disposal which would result in beneficial effects, or at the worst, in non-harmful …

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Offshore Oil Interests Of The United States: An Overview, Scott H. Marstan Jan 1973

Offshore Oil Interests Of The United States: An Overview, Scott H. Marstan

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The following discussion focuses on the current situation as regards U.S. oil interests worldwide offshore. It divides into three general areas: 1) a general view of the scope of the U.S. oil companies' investments offshore, foreign and domestic, 2) an analysis of the recent rise to power of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and the ensuing problems created for U.S. oil investments abroad, and 3) a brief history and a discussion of U.S. oil interests in the law of the sea as an expression of their concern for resolution to OPEC-like problems.

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Environmental Improvement: A Concept For Harbor Maintenance Programs For Long Island Sound, John-Robert Curtin Jan 1973

Environmental Improvement: A Concept For Harbor Maintenance Programs For Long Island Sound, John-Robert Curtin

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper suggests a comprehensive approach to maintenance dredging and maintenance dredge disposal for Connecticut in a carefully-regulated manner that will improve, rather than impair, the natural quality of the Sound. It proposes an interim measure that would allow for the continued operation of Connecticuts Commercial Harbor areas until a permanent program, together with the necessary technological advances, can be implemented to handle dredge disposal. This paper is based on data presently available on New Haven Harbor, presented in a report on the environmental quality of dredge spoils proposed to be removed from one area within New Haven Harbor known …

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Defense Contracting Policy: An Interface Mechanism With The Defense Industry, George P. Neyman Iii Jun 1972

Defense Contracting Policy: An Interface Mechanism With The Defense Industry, George P. Neyman Iii

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

A broad overview of the contractual relationship between the military and the defense industry with emphasis on contracting trends and the impact of these trends on the nature of the defense industry, shipbuilding in particular. A brief historical survey of government contracting from the American Revolution to the present time is designed to review the principal legislative actions developed to control the procurement process. The advantages and disadvantages of the important contract types are discussed. Defense contracting policy is found to be shifting from cost reimbursement contract to the incentive contract. The trend to contract incentives is found to be …

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Micronesia: Post World War Ii Sequential Socio-Economic Development, Dale S. Brown Jr. Jun 1972

Micronesia: Post World War Ii Sequential Socio-Economic Development, Dale S. Brown Jr.

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

An examination of the socio-economic development of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (Micronesia). A section devoted to early development deals with the long history of foreign administrators who have controlled the islands. The paper deals with interaction between the Micronesians and their administrators and will focus upon relations with the current administrator, the United States, which operates in the islands under a mandate from the United Nations. At the time of the writing of this paper the Micronesians were holding a plebiscite to determine their future political direction. Consideration is given to economic trends within the islands, the …

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Current Post Development Problems, Andrew J. Conklin Jun 1972

Current Post Development Problems, Andrew J. Conklin

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The major problems confronting United States' seaports are investigated as they relate to the 1970s time frame. The influence of the merchant marine's transition to new, large and deep drafted ships is examined as it pertains to harbor and channel depth, pier and storage requirements, waterborne traffic control and port economic impact. Present seaport facilities are barely keeping abreast with new developments in cargo transportation and handling methods. Additionally, major port development problems are magnified by the recent awarenesss of the environmental value of the coastal zone. Only a limited amount of area remains in most ports, both below the …

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Growth Patterns Of The World's Merchant Marine, John R. Devereaux Jr. Jun 1972

Growth Patterns Of The World's Merchant Marine, John R. Devereaux Jr.

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Developments in the world ocean-borne transport industry since World War II are reviewed and major trends identified; based on these trends significant implications are derived. The study is limited to the deep sea segment of the shipping industry and touches on related fields, such as the coastal trades and port development, only where trends in the deep sea trade affect them. The major trends identified are the continued growth of ocean-borne trade, the ever growing ship size wherever it proves practical and economical, and the rapid evolution of ship specialization.

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The Development And Constitutionality Of The 1971 Delaware Coastal Zone Act, Francis Cameron May 1972

The Development And Constitutionality Of The 1971 Delaware Coastal Zone Act, Francis Cameron

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In June 1971, the Delaware Legislature passed the Delaware Coastal Zone Act that barred heavy manufacturing industry from locating in an area one to six miles deep along the state's 115 mile coastline. The act created a State Coastal Zone Industrial Control Board to hear appeals from decisions of the State Planner. In addition, the act prohibited the construction in the bay of marine terminals for the transshipment of liquid and solid bulk materials of any substance, (specifically aimed at offshore oil and coal transfer) from vessels to onshore facilities. The law's immediate effect was to block several hundred million …

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Spiny Lobster Mariculture In The State Of Florida, W. Richard Boehmer May 1972

Spiny Lobster Mariculture In The State Of Florida, W. Richard Boehmer

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the reader to the Florida spiny lobster, Panuluris argus; to show the economic potential for the mariculture of this species by exposing value and size of the U. S. spiny lobster market; to present Florida’s legal provisions for mariculture and how spiny lobster farming would be acceptable; to indicate the biological considerations for the rearing of spiny lobster larva and postlarva; and to introduce a general plan for the mariculture of spiny lobster, that considers the legal provisions of leasing wetlands in Florida and incorporates the biological considerations of spiny lobster.

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Oil Pollution And The Coastal State, J. T. O'Brien May 1972

Oil Pollution And The Coastal State, J. T. O'Brien

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

It will be the purpose of this paper to pose and answer this question...How has the legal competence of a coastal state been strengthened with respect to that state's ability to prevent marine oil pollution? The question by implication presupposes that a certain change in legal competence is in fact occurring. The legal and historical baseline from which to gauge this gradual change will be established by reviewing past milestones in oil pollution law. A closer examination will then be made of recent evolutionary changes in both international and national oil pollution law subsequent to the Torrey Canyon Disaster of …

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External States And The Indian Ocean: The Potential For Confrontation, James P. Cartwright May 1972

External States And The Indian Ocean: The Potential For Confrontation, James P. Cartwright

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

A study of the common interests of internal and external states in the Indian Ocean and identification of the methods, and their potential for confrontation, employed by external powers in pursuit of their interests. The historical interests of external powers in the Indian Ocean are depicted. Common interests, which have commanded the attention of internal states and external powers during recent years, are identified. The Indian Ocean is divided into five regions, each region characterized by the aforementioned common interests. The assets, mutual relations and interests of the littoral states comprising each region are described. The interests and methods of …

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Containerships: A Point Of Departure Or A Panacea?, Dale S. Brown Jr. May 1972

Containerships: A Point Of Departure Or A Panacea?, Dale S. Brown Jr.

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The advent of containerships has revolutionized the world’s shipping industry. In the United States’ struggle to compete for world markets and to improve military logistical support, it must keep abreast of current innovations in sea transport. An examination of the role played by containerships in this new technology must include the exploration of certain key questions. What is the best way to utilize this form of transport? What characteristics should these ships have? What are the best container sizes? Should the ships be self-sustaining, or should they call at ports with discharging facilities? How should companies determine legal problems concerning …

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A Draft Proposal For The Management Of The Offshore Sand And Gravel Deposits Of The State Of Rhode Island: Guidelines And Model Regulatory Legislation, Malcoolm Johnston Grant May 1972

A Draft Proposal For The Management Of The Offshore Sand And Gravel Deposits Of The State Of Rhode Island: Guidelines And Model Regulatory Legislation, Malcoolm Johnston Grant

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Coastal Resources Management Council is charged with broad responsibility to "develop resource management plans compatible with the needs of the people of Rhode Island, while preserving and enhancing as far as possible the natural qualities of the marine environment." The proper function of coastal management is to maximize the options open to the people of Rhode Island in the development of their coastal resources. This goal can best be realized by providing for the resolution of developmental conflicts before they materialize. Uncontrolled past development and consequent unanticipated use conflicts of many types have already seriously compromised Rhode Island's ability …

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Naval And Merchant Fleet Coordination: A New Maritime Strategy, W. Gibson Carter May 1972

Naval And Merchant Fleet Coordination: A New Maritime Strategy, W. Gibson Carter

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The military sealift requirements of the Department of Defense and the cooperation of the Merchant Marine in times of crises, national emergencies and wars are well known. The current trend toward increasing international trade; problems of inadequate U.S. flag commercial shipping fleet and further reductions in the size of the active and reserve naval fleets, require that some cooperative effort be considered in a normal peacetime environment as well as in a crisis role. The majority of the ships of the U.S. Navy and Merchant Marine are well over twenty years old and are inefficient and uneconomical to operate. Positive …

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Government Oil Policy And Its Effect On Domestic & Offshore Oil Production, James Owers Apr 1972

Government Oil Policy And Its Effect On Domestic & Offshore Oil Production, James Owers

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

To date the petroleum industry is second only to the Department of Defense in its stimulation of ocean technology. By the end of 1968, American petroleum companies had invested over 13 billion dollars on the continental shelves of the United States. The development of submersibles, man in the sea, instruments, seismic surveys, mapping and charting, and development of ocean structures and engineering have all been profoundly effected by this massive injection of capital. It is obviously of interest, therefore, to consider policies which affect offshore oil exploration and development. This paper is confined to analyzing three such economic policies in …

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Underwater Search And Rescue For Non-Military Submersibles, Peter A. Joseph Apr 1972

Underwater Search And Rescue For Non-Military Submersibles, Peter A. Joseph

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

A system of underwater search and rescue for non-military submersibles utilizing a helicopter delivered rescue submersible is proposed. In the last 10 years there has been a substantial increase in manned underwater endeavors. This expansion is expected to continue with increasingly greater emphasis in the recreational field. The necessity to overcome the relatively short iife support of the small recreation submersible dictates a rapid response. This system should be capable of providing the lift necessary to rescue the entrapped personnel by bringing the submersible to the surface. At the present time the Coast Guard must rely on other submersible operators …

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Obstacles To Economic Progress In Ethiopia's Red Sea Coast And Gulf Of Aden, Abraham Alemayehu Jan 1972

Obstacles To Economic Progress In Ethiopia's Red Sea Coast And Gulf Of Aden, Abraham Alemayehu

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Ethiopia is a coastal state whose overall economic progress has been and still is being affected by a number of coastal and related obstacles. This paper will attempt to discuss each and every one of these obstacles and other relevant aspects in order to justify as much as possible Ethiopia's lack of progress in economic development. By no means these are not the only obstacles responsible for affecting the country's entire economic progress. The obstacles that I would like to present here are only those which are more or less directly related to maritime, geographical and geopolitical problems on the …

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The U.S. Merchant Fleet: Patterns For The Seventies (U), Glenn Edward Whisler Jr. Jan 1972

The U.S. Merchant Fleet: Patterns For The Seventies (U), Glenn Edward Whisler Jr.

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

An analysis of recent U.S. maritime legislation in order to predict the possible effect it may have on our merchant fleet growth patterns for the seventies. Major attention is devoted to the Merchant Marine Act of 1970 which the Administration and Congress hopes will halt the continuing decline of the U.S. merchant fleet. The investigation is limited to the shipbuilding industry and is concerned primarily with government incentives, provided to both shipbuilders and shipowners, designed to stimulate new building programs. This study finds that the U.S. merchant fleet will experience a healthy growth during this decade as a result of …

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The Navy And Aquidneck Island: A Study In The Coastal Zone, Paul Lewis Cohen Jan 1972

The Navy And Aquidneck Island: A Study In The Coastal Zone, Paul Lewis Cohen

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Navy fleet operating bases are all located within the coastal zone; a unique area neither land nor sea. This paper opens with a brief review of the nature of the coastal zone, followed by a discussion of regulations pending in Congress and an example of one state's coastal zone legislation. Navy policies regarding environmental factors that must be considered in land use management are also discussed. Interactions of the U.S. Naval Base, Newport, and non-Navy interests with the coastal zone of Aquidneck Island are examined to develop a model for analysis of these relationships.

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Concept Of Adjacency, Kenneth L. Wright Jr. May 1971

Concept Of Adjacency, Kenneth L. Wright Jr.

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Adjacency, as used in the Law of the Sea, implies a defined area beyond the territorial sea applying to the superadjacent waters, the seabedand the subsoil. It also implies a relationship to the land. This paper is an examination of adjacency as a concept with particular emphasis placed on the possibilities of establishing the outer limits of an adjacent area. The concept of adjacency is addressed from historical,oceanographic, biological, geological and legal perspectives. An investigation into the State practice of projecting limited jurisdiction from shore into the sea by Britain and America is made to determine a possible genesis concerning …

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The Impact On The Navy Of Public Concern With Control Of Pollution Of The Seas By Oil, Robert Augustus Fisher May 1971

The Impact On The Navy Of Public Concern With Control Of Pollution Of The Seas By Oil, Robert Augustus Fisher

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

It is difficult at best to evaluate the biological and chemical damages of oil pollution, but the physical effects are graphically evident in the blackened beaches and coastlines around the world and in the floating "tar-balls" found in mid-ocean. It is this dramatically visible effect that has stirred public concern. Thus, prevention of such damage is high on the list of priorities for both national and international concern. In the face of the ever increasing potential for pollution, President Nixon has pledged that federal agencies will take the lead in pollution abatement programs.

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The Open Ocean Hydrofoil Ship: Will It Come Of Age?, Stephen W. Mcganka Apr 1971

The Open Ocean Hydrofoil Ship: Will It Come Of Age?, Stephen W. Mcganka

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Problems encountered during development of the hydrofoil ship have restricted exploitation of its unique characteristics in an open ocean environment. An examination of pertinent physical and technical constraints is undertaken to assess their impact upon the future. The focus of this examination is centered upon the evolution of the fully submerged foil type ship during the past decade with emphasis upon the commitment directed toward its development by the United States Government. The developmental process induced by this commitment is found to be impeded by physical and technical factors, but organizational and traditional constraints are also instrumental in retarding progress. …

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The Role Of Compulsory Sealanes In Resolving Multiple-Use Conflict On The Continental Shelf, Alfred P. Manning Apr 1971

The Role Of Compulsory Sealanes In Resolving Multiple-Use Conflict On The Continental Shelf, Alfred P. Manning

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

An analysis of the nature of multiple-use conflict on the continental shelf developed with particular emphasis on the involvement of ocean transportation and offshore oil recovery. The wide-ranging effects which offshore marine accidents may have on coastal residents is discussed. Trends indicate a growth in the level of conflict stemming from competition between those wishing to use the same ocean space for the same purpose, the same ocean space for different purposes, and different but related ocean space for incompatible purposes. Ocean transportation is identified as the single common element in all three conflict categories. Restriction on traditional concepts of …

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The United States Navy And An International Seabed Regime (U), Theodore E. Newark Apr 1971

The United States Navy And An International Seabed Regime (U), Theodore E. Newark

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The paper proposes to briefly outline the Navy's general role as one element of this nation's overall seapower. The expanding sources of conflicting interest in uses of the sea are examined along with the barely visible form which debates are presently giving toward the creation of an international regime for the peaceful exploration and exploitation of the natural resources of the seabed and its subsoil, located beyond the limits of national jurisdiction. Naval adjustment to the requirements expected to derive from new aspects of the evolving changes to present law of the sea are analyzed and recommendations are drawn in …

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Oceanic Disposal Of Radioactive Wastes: Effects And Proposals, Billy M. Ervin Apr 1971

Oceanic Disposal Of Radioactive Wastes: Effects And Proposals, Billy M. Ervin

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

An investigation of the effects of radioactive waste disposal into the oceans pursued by an examination of the hazards involved, the present sources of radioactive wastes and future prospects. The longevity of many radioactive elements, coupled with the awesome consequences to which even a slight miscalculation may lead, are convincing arguments for the most conservative approach to the problem of disposal of radioactive wastes. Present day disposal of radioactive wastes in the oceans, while significant, have not yet had major discernible effects on man or marine life. However, with the worldwide explosion of electrical power demand and the increasing use …

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A Functional Analysis Of The Naval Weather Service System, Charles P. Pfarrer Jr. Apr 1971

A Functional Analysis Of The Naval Weather Service System, Charles P. Pfarrer Jr.

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the Naval Weather Service system by defining its functions; for the available literature does not convey the concept of interacting elements contributing to the operation of the larger whole. This paper concentrates on articulating the contributions of the related actions to the Naval Weather Service system. The aim is for clarity of exposition. The purpose is to get across the big picture. Int introspective format ensues formally from the rational foundations of the conceptual mode of inquiry. This paper addresses the Naval Weather Service system and not the scientific and technological process …

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The Effects Of A Twelve Mile Limit For The Territorial Sea, Richard J. Brennan May 1970

The Effects Of A Twelve Mile Limit For The Territorial Sea, Richard J. Brennan

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

A treaty setting the limit of territorial waters at twelve miles will probably be negotiated and accepted by most nations in the near future. In areas not involving straits, this limit will have both beneficial and harmful effects, but it appears to be the best solution that can be achieved. However, in order to ensure that confidence in the free use of the oceans is maintained, the United States should attempt to have included in the treaty a provision for a channel of high seas through international straits. Agreement to such a provision will be difficult to obtain and if …

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