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Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

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Articles 241 - 270 of 397

Full-Text Articles in Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology

A Preliminary Assessment Of Nutrient Loading Into Narragansett Bay Due To Urban Runoff, Lynne Carter Hanson Jan 1982

A Preliminary Assessment Of Nutrient Loading Into Narragansett Bay Due To Urban Runoff, Lynne Carter Hanson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This study is a component of a more comprehensive investigation at the Marine Ecosystems Research Laboratory, (MERL), University of Rhode Island, that was undertaken in order to assess the potential for eutrophication in both its meanings as a natural and man-induced process occurring in the upper portions of Narragansett Bay and its watershed. This assessment required identification and quantification of the various inputs in order to establish the annual loading and eventual effects of the four important nutrients; ammonia, nitrate-nitrite, silicate and phosphate.

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Vessel Traffic Systems, William D. Lynch Jan 1982

Vessel Traffic Systems, William D. Lynch

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper will examine the historical impetus for Vessel Traffic System (VTS) development in the United States. Cost benefit techniques utilized to establish the VTS requirements are discussed and the data base upon which the analysis is conducted is critiqued. General Accounting Office criticism of the Coast Guard's VTS development process are analyzed. Finally VTS is examined as a single component in the improvement of port logistics, which must be arrayed against other alternatives to make the most effective use of scarce resources. This final element is discussed with respect to the Federal government's attempt to recover clearly allocatable costs …

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Delimitatin Of The Seaward Extent Of United States Jurisdiction Over The Mineral Resources Of Its Continental Shelf, Therese Anne Landry Jan 1982

Delimitatin Of The Seaward Extent Of United States Jurisdiction Over The Mineral Resources Of Its Continental Shelf, Therese Anne Landry

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This thesis provides a seaward delimitation of United States jurisdiction over the mineral resources of its continental shelf. It does not set lateral maritime boundaries between the United States and its neighbors. Despite the abundance of literature regarding the continental shelf concept, United States shelf limits have not been demarcated in any precise detail. In order to encourage efficient utilization of offshore mineral resources and to avoid unnecessary legal problems, such determination is important. Initially, the conflicting conceptions of the geological and legal continental shelf are discussed. The evolution of the continental shelf as both a physical feature of the …

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The Legal Regime Governing The Recovery Of Underwater Cultural Resources In The United States, Richard J. Dodds Jan 1982

The Legal Regime Governing The Recovery Of Underwater Cultural Resources In The United States, Richard J. Dodds

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Historic wrecks exist in many of the navigable waters of the United States, particularly along the Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Attention will mainly focus, however, on the waters off Florida. These often dangerous waters, as part of a long-established trade route, contain more than their share of historic wrecks. As a number of these are Spanish galleons, wrecked on their way to Europe with value cargoes of gold, silver and precious stones, claim to such sites has been the subject of bitter disputes. The results of the legal battles arising from these disputes will have profound implications for the future …

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The Exploitation Of The Antarctic Oil And Its Environmental And Legal Implications, Renzo Follegati Jan 1982

The Exploitation Of The Antarctic Oil And Its Environmental And Legal Implications, Renzo Follegati

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The focus of the paper is the feasible exploitation of the Antarctic offshore oil and the environmental consequences that this fact could have to the whole ecosystem of the Southern Ocean and for other ecosystems of neighboring regions, e.g. the South East Pacific basin. The legal implications that have to do with the exploitation of the Antarctic oil and the regulations that could be applied to preserve the environment are examined.

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Ecology, Economics, And Law In The Conservation And Management Of Cetaceans, John David Roanowicz Jan 1982

Ecology, Economics, And Law In The Conservation And Management Of Cetaceans, John David Roanowicz

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

No abstract provided.

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Conservation Measures In The Interim Fishery Management Plan For Atlantic Groundfish, Andrew P. Matykiewicz Jan 1982

Conservation Measures In The Interim Fishery Management Plan For Atlantic Groundfish, Andrew P. Matykiewicz

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The conservation measures used in the Interim Fishery Management Plan for Atlantic Groundfish (IFMP) were analyzed. The management techniques used include a minimum mesh size, minimum fish size and haddock spawning area closure. However the mesh regulation does not adequately address the IFMP conservation objectives. Without amendment, the IFMP cannot prevent overfishing as it is required to do by the Magnuson Fishery Conservation and Management Act (MFCMA). The use of a non-numeric Optimum Yield (OI) for groundfish is inappropriate without a definition of overfishing and without a contingency plan to prevent overfishing.

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A Methodology For Siting Coal Fired Thermoelectric Generating Facilities In Puerto Rico, David J. Mcmahon Ii Jan 1982

A Methodology For Siting Coal Fired Thermoelectric Generating Facilities In Puerto Rico, David J. Mcmahon Ii

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In the past, energy facilities on the Island of Puerto Rico have not been located in the best practicable sites. This is attributable to the absence of mandatory site selection procedures. This thesis has developed and tested procedures for siting 900 MWe coal fired thermoelectric generation plants. The procedures developed here permit the placement of these facilities within the existing legal regime, with a minimum of adverse ecological and socioeconomic impact. The process has been designed to consider the entire Island of Puerto Rico for the suitability of siting a 900 MWe coal fired facility. This is accomplished through the …

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Optimum Yield And The Fcma: Uneven Distribution Of Management Burden, Herrick J. Johnson Dec 1981

Optimum Yield And The Fcma: Uneven Distribution Of Management Burden, Herrick J. Johnson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Until the establishment of the Fishery Conservation and Management Act of 1976 (FCMA), fish outside the United States' twelve mile fishery zone were, according to international law, common property and belonged to the nation or individual that caught them. This common property law was based on the concept that fish resources were so large that no amount of fishing would interfere with the right of others to catch fish. Modern technology, however, has created equipment that enabled foreign and domestic fishermen to over-fish the resource. A reduced domestic catch led coastal fishermen to support a bill that unilaterally extended the …

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European Community Seaport Policy: Competition Or Cooperation, Michael J. Giari Jul 1981

European Community Seaport Policy: Competition Or Cooperation, Michael J. Giari

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The objective of this paper is to examine the development of Community port policy and analyze how and why certain factors have impeded progress in this sector of the EC. This paper will test the hypothesis that there are major economic, technological and political forces, outside of the EC, which are moving Community ports towards regional cooperation. Further European integration in a variety of fields, including ports and maritime transportation is not only desirable but inevitable. A new port-related organization to promote and direct this cooperative port effort will be proposed. Geographically this paper will focus on the North Sea …

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The Port Of Baltimore-Containers And Railroads: A Necessary Interaction, Thomas Sweeny Jun 1981

The Port Of Baltimore-Containers And Railroads: A Necessary Interaction, Thomas Sweeny

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper came about as a synthesis of interests in ships, railroads and history. Perhaps no other port on the East Coast has such a strong blend of these three forces as the Port of Baltimore. This paper is about the interaction of railroads and the port and how this interaction continues to play a major role in the Port of Baltimore's development. The original hypothesis assumed that Baltimore's strong history with the railroads made her a railroad port. But hard times and competitive truck rates have driven the railroads out of Baltimore to such an extent that rail service …

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Fuel Saving Methods For The Commercial Fishing Fleet, Gerald H. Taylor May 1981

Fuel Saving Methods For The Commercial Fishing Fleet, Gerald H. Taylor

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Oil Embargo of 1973 emphasized not only how oil dependent the fishing industry has become but that the days of inexpensive energy had ended. Oil prices have risen dramatically, but so have the price tags on new technologies, labor, vessel renovation, new construction and the cost of procuring capital for making improvements. However, one must focus on the long range picture versus the short term snap shot. This can be accomplished by looking at two aspects of the problem. First, as costs increase so does the price of fish in the marketplace. There is a point however where the …

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Toward The Marketing Of Seafood Harvested In New England, Daniel R. Kilty Ph.D May 1981

Toward The Marketing Of Seafood Harvested In New England, Daniel R. Kilty Ph.D

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In this study the author will concentrate on the marketing activitiesof the U.S. commercial fishing industry. The study will use examples from New England to illustrate various points covered in the study. Particular reference will be made to the geographic area of Southern New England and move specifically to Point Judith, Rhode Island and New Bedford, Massachusetts. The study is divided into two parts. Part I reviews the situation in the industry prior to 1976, the Fishery Conservation Management Act, theU.S./Canadian East Coast Fisheries Agreement and the American Fisheries Promotion Act. Part II applies the marketing mix to the industry …

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The Potential Of The Port Of New York In The Export/Domestic Coal Trade, Jane E. Mccallion May 1981

The Potential Of The Port Of New York In The Export/Domestic Coal Trade, Jane E. Mccallion

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper researches the potential of the Port of New York in the Export/Domestic coal trade markets.The Port is faced with short-term and long-term proposals in order to enter these markets. On a short-term basis, the Port will be able to offer an advantage to export markets because of the backlog at the traditional coal ports of Hampton Roads, Baltimore, and Philadelphia. A modest export trade can develop this way. In the domestic trade, substantial inroads can be made due to the conversion of power plants in New England to coal-fired. In the long-term, the Port is faced with the …

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Where Have All The Stripers Gone?: An Analysis Of The Decline In The East Coast Striped Bass Fishery, Anthony P. Chatowsky May 1981

Where Have All The Stripers Gone?: An Analysis Of The Decline In The East Coast Striped Bass Fishery, Anthony P. Chatowsky

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Beginning in 1975 striped bass sports fishermen noticed a decrease in fish around. This decline was cause for alarm in 1977 when few striped bass were caught from shore. Commercial catch statistics showed that in 1973, 13,504,000 pounds of bass were landed. In 1979 the poundage was 3,492,000, a significant drop of 74%. This led to the development of state and regional striped bass advisory committees, an N.M.F.S. and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Emergency Action Plan and Congressional appropriation of 4.7 million dollars in 1979 to study the problem. The problem is multifactored and solutions lie in consistent coastal management …

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The Rhode Island Quahogger: Candidate For The List Of Endangered Species?, James M. Korney Apr 1981

The Rhode Island Quahogger: Candidate For The List Of Endangered Species?, James M. Korney

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

It is the hypothesis of this paper that today the livelihood of the independent Narragansett Bay quahogger is faced with two potentially dangerous threats; water pollution in upper Narragansett Bay and the prospect of an expanding aquaculture industry in the lower bay. Unless the state of Rhode Island properly interprets and enforces existing state legislation to protect the quahoggers interests, his very livelihood will be jeoprodized. This paper will examine the legal, political, economic, and environmental affects of water pollution in upper Narragansett Bay and an expanding aquaculture industry in the lower bay in their relation to the Rhode Island …

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The Impact Of The Federal Water Pollution Control Act On The Discharge Of Sanitary Waste From United States Navy Ships, William G. Fidyk Apr 1981

The Impact Of The Federal Water Pollution Control Act On The Discharge Of Sanitary Waste From United States Navy Ships, William G. Fidyk

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

During the late 1960's and early 1970's several significant pieces of environmental legislation were enacted. These pieces of legislation were designed to restore, improve, preserve and protect our natural resources. The legislation with the most impact on the United State Navy and Naval vessels has been the Federal Water Pollution Control Act. In order to meet the statutory requirements of the Clean Water Act, the United States Navy had to embark on a program to: modify existing vessels with Marine Sanitation Devices (MSD's) and install such devices on new construction ships.

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Municipal Sewage Treatment: Problems And Considerations, George R. Johnson Apr 1981

Municipal Sewage Treatment: Problems And Considerations, George R. Johnson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The coastal areas are vital to the economic and physical well being of the United States. Virtually every facet of our way of life is related in some fashion to these coastal areas. Ocean borne transportation moves not only vast quantities of raw materials, but also many of the intermediate and final products that are then manufactured to their related market areas. Fisheries provide vast amounts of food and employment for many of our people. In addition, the coasts are a continuing source of enjoyment and recreation for millions of our citizens. Coastal waters provide much of the water necessary …

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The Viability Of Imported Liquified Natural Gas As An Energy Resource, Richard L. Dick Apr 1981

The Viability Of Imported Liquified Natural Gas As An Energy Resource, Richard L. Dick

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

As the United States enters the 1980's, the need for secure and efficient energy sources is rapidly moving to the forefront of our foreign and domestic policies. It is apparent that our existence, as well as that of our allies, is closely tied to the ability to secure energy resources. The importation of Liquified Natural Gas (LNG), by specially designed ships, from oil exporting nations to energy consuming nations has been a highly touted energy resource. United States importation of LNG is not a cost effective energy resource due to: (1) dependence on foreign sources, (2) transportation costs including "hidden" …

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International And U.S. Inland Navigation Rules And Lng Transport, Robert P. Garrett Apr 1981

International And U.S. Inland Navigation Rules And Lng Transport, Robert P. Garrett

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Involved in the extensive research that was required by this study included; a research of publications dealing with the engineering and construction of LNG vessels, review of tests conducted by the U.S. Coast guard and the U.S. Bureau of Mines dealing with the possible spill of LNG, establishment of the dangers of LNG, establishment of the U.S. Coast Guard Inland and International Rules of Navigation and how they relate to the safe navigation of LNG vessels, and recommendations for amendments and/or changes to the navigation rules to better ensure the safe navigation of LNG vessels.

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The Effect Of Deep Sea Bed Mining On Strategic Minerals And National Security, Gary R. Hammond Apr 1981

The Effect Of Deep Sea Bed Mining On Strategic Minerals And National Security, Gary R. Hammond

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

Deep sea bed mining has been a topic of considerable debate since it became technically and economically viable as a mining venture in the mid 1960's. The availability of manganese nodules has been determined through costly "prospecting" operations and their existence in sufficient quantity and quality has been found to be adequate for the mining industry. Though the future of the nodule mining is undetermined, it is the purpose of this paper to determine its impact on the national management of its associated strategic minerals and national security.

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Decision Analysis: A Systematic Approach To Environmental Impact Assessment, Richard E. Dodson Apr 1981

Decision Analysis: A Systematic Approach To Environmental Impact Assessment, Richard E. Dodson

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The creation of the national Environmental Policy Act of 1969 was an explicit recognition by the congress for the need of a better management system to be used in environmental matters by all federal agencies. Section 102(2)(A) of the Act directs that a systematic, interdisciplinary approach be used in the planning and in the decision-making if the planned action may have an impact on the environment. While the council on Environmental Quality, which was created under the Act, has revised its regulations recently pertaining to the structure and format of Environmental Impact Statements (EIS), it has yet to articulate how …

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Impact Of Unclos Iii On U. S. Naval Operations, Timothy Michael Ahern Jan 1981

Impact Of Unclos Iii On U. S. Naval Operations, Timothy Michael Ahern

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper briefly summarizes the development of the Third United Nations Law of the Sea Conference (UNCLOS III)and the influence that national security had on its development.The missions of the navy as promulgated by Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral Elmo Zumwalt are: Strategic Deterrence;Sea Control; Projection of Force Ashore; and Naval Presence. The effect of the Draft Convention, InformalText (DC IT) provisions in five areas are discussed. These areas are: Transit of International Straits; Archipelagos;the Territorial Sea; the Exclusive Economic Zone; and the Deep Seabed.

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The Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act: Legality And Necessity The U.S. Perspective, Thomas P. Beatty Jan 1981

The Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act: Legality And Necessity The U.S. Perspective, Thomas P. Beatty

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

In June of 1980, the President of the United States signed into law the Deep Seabed Hard Mineral Resources Act, a piece of national legislation that will most definitely have international repercussions. The developing nations of the world are strongly opposed to unilateralism on the part of any nation, contending the minerals of the deep seabed belong to all nations and, therefore, the benefit from the exploitation of those minerals should likewise be shared by all nations. Why then, against such firm opposition from the less developed countries of the world, did the United States opt for unilateralism instead of …

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Unesco's Spines Information System: A Resource In Marine Policy Documentation, Mary Jane Beardsley Jan 1981

Unesco's Spines Information System: A Resource In Marine Policy Documentation, Mary Jane Beardsley

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The Science and Technology Policies Information Exchange System (SPINES) was developed by UNESCO during the last decade. Intended to be a global system, its basic value to marine policy planners lay in its potential to align ocean policy information in context with other science policies and to align the ocean policies of one nation with those of the rest of the world. SPINES progressed from a feasibility study, to a five-year pilot project, 1977-1982. Important investigations were made of science policy research in 19 countries and 4 continents. A unique thesaurus was published in 1976 collecting, for the first time, …

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Maritime Boundary Disputes As A Constraint To The Commercialization Of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion In The Caribbean Sea, Philip Erwin Haring Jan 1981

Maritime Boundary Disputes As A Constraint To The Commercialization Of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion In The Caribbean Sea, Philip Erwin Haring

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This thesis is an examination of the effect which the commercialization of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) will have on the delimitation of maritime boundaries in the Caribbean, and the extent to which boundary disputes will reduce the area available for OTEC facility deployment there. The first chapter is a discussion of OTEC and the prospects for commercialization in the next ten to fifteen years. The second chapter is an analysis of the development of the international law of the sea, and how that evolution has stabilized in recent years establishing a jurisdictional regime in which coastal states control the …

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U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers Public Interest Review: An Evaluation Of Implementation Effectiveness, Sharon Kelberg Jan 1981

U.S. Army Corps Of Engineers Public Interest Review: An Evaluation Of Implementation Effectiveness, Sharon Kelberg

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is authorized to permit or deny dredge and fill activities in the nation's coastal and wetland regions. Originally, responsible only for the maintenance of navigation, the Corps considered only navigational requirements in decisions to grant or deny permits. Now, however, the Corps must demonstrate, that the "public interest" is served as well. This study examines the scope of the public interest and attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of the program in a particularly controversial project. The initial phase provides evaluation criteria necessary to analyze the application of the public interest review. The second phase …

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Tank Vessel Safety Regulations: The Role Of Maritime Education And Training In The United States, John B. Noll Jan 1981

Tank Vessel Safety Regulations: The Role Of Maritime Education And Training In The United States, John B. Noll

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper examines the major details of the STCW Convention and the Maritime Education Act and their inter-relationships to the American Merchant Marine training pipeline. The various programs which provide entry-level, selected advanced, continuing education and refresher training for our tanker personnel are discussed. The educational value and current status of the utilization of shore-based simulators for "equivalency training" is examined in light of the increased sea training requirements presented in the STCW Convention. The inherent benefit of a well-balanced mix of simulator training and at-sea experience for the safe, professional operation of our Merchant Marine by the "human element" …

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A Comparison Of Global Conventions Concerned With Controlling Ship-Borne Pollution On The High Seas, Robert F. Ogurek Jan 1981

A Comparison Of Global Conventions Concerned With Controlling Ship-Borne Pollution On The High Seas, Robert F. Ogurek

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

This paper will compare the global conventions concerned with controlling ship-borne pollution, noting the major differences in regulations concerned with the prevention, control and reporting of pollution incidents, as well as the enforcement provisions of these conventions. Section I of this paper will be a discussion of the provisions made in the Third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea Draft Convention on the Law of the Sea (not yet in force) concerning ship-borne pollution. Section II will be a discussion of the major global conventions, both those presently in force and those yet to enter into force, …

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Promotion Of Distant-Water Fishing Industry In Taiwan, Dah-Wen Shieh Jan 1981

Promotion Of Distant-Water Fishing Industry In Taiwan, Dah-Wen Shieh

Marine Affairs Theses and Major Papers

The growth of distant-water fishing industry in Taiwan has been steady during the period from 1965-1973. However, since 1973, the slow expansion of distant-water fisheries has been reflected in both the production side and the decreasing catch per unit effort. The increasing operation costs and the shrinking fishing grounds are mainly attributable to the limitation of distant-water fishing industry. The small scale of fishing companies with small-sized vessels also resulted in the inefficient operation in this highly competitive business. For Taiwan, distant-water fishing is not only a means of meeting general protein requirements for its population but also an important …

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