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Articles 8521 - 8550 of 14408
Full-Text Articles in Soil Science
Underground Wireless Channel Bandwidth And Capacity, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Underground Wireless Channel Bandwidth And Capacity, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications
The UG channel bandwidth and capacity are vital parameters in wireless underground communication system design. In this chapter, a comprehensive analysis of the wireless underground channel capacity is presented. The impact of soil on return loss, bandwidth, and path loss is discussed. The results of underground multi-carrier modulation capacity are also outlined. Moreover, the single user capacity and multi-carrier capacity are also introduced with an in-depth treatment of soil texture, soil moisture, and distance effects on channel capacity. Finally, the chapter is concluded with a discussion of challenges and open research issues.
Modulation Schemes And Connectivity In Wireless Underground Channel, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Modulation Schemes And Connectivity In Wireless Underground Channel, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications
In this chapter, a thorough treatment of the modulation schemes for UG Wireless is presented. The effects of soil texture and water content on the capacity of multi-carrier modulation in WUC are discussed. The multi-carrier capacity model results are analyzed. Moreover, the underground MIMO design for underground communications is explained thoroughly. An analysis of medium access in wireless underground is done as well. Furthermore, the soil properties are considered for cross-layer communications of UG wireless. The performance analysis of traditional modulation schemes is also considered. The soil moisture-based modulation approach is also explored in this chapter. The connectivity and diversity …
Underground Phased Arrays And Beamforming Applications, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Underground Phased Arrays And Beamforming Applications, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications
This chapter presents a framework for adaptive beamforming in underground communication. The wireless propagation is thoroughly analyzed to develop a model using the soil moisture as an input parameter to provide feedback mechanism while enhancing the system performance. The working of array element in the soil is analyzed. Moreover, the effect of soil texture and soil moisture on the resonant frequency and return loss is studied in detail. The wave refraction from the soil–air interface highly degrades the performance of the system. Furthermore, to beam steering is done to achieve high gain for lateral component improving the UG communication. The …
Current Advances In Internet Of Underground Things, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Current Advances In Internet Of Underground Things, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications
The latest developments in Internet of Underground Things are covered in this chapter. First, the IOUT Architecture is discussed followed by the explanation of the challenges being faced in this paradigm. Moreover, a comprehensive coverage of the different IOUT components is presented that includes communications, sensing, and system integration with the cloud. An in-depth coverage of the applications of the IOUT in various disciplines is also surveyed. These applications include areas such as decision agriculture, pipeline monitoring, border control, and oil wells.
Electromagnetic Characteristics Of The Soil, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Electromagnetic Characteristics Of The Soil, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications
The electromagnetic characteristics of the soil are discussed in this chapter. The characteristics of porous bedrock, soil medium, and impacts of rain attenuations are also presented. The models of dielectric soil properties are studied with a rigorous focus on the constitutive parameters of subsurface soil medium. Moreover, the permittivity and wavenumber in soil are explained. In addition, the frequency-dependent dielectric properties such as dispersion in soil, absorption characteristic, and penetration depth versus frequency are reviewed. Furthermore, the effective permittivity of soil–water mixture for through-the soil-propagation mechanism is analyzed thoroughly.
Signals In The Soil: Subsurface Sensing, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Signals In The Soil: Subsurface Sensing, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications
In this chapter, novel subsurface soil sensing approaches are presented for monitoring and real-time decision support system applications. The methods, materials, and operational feasibility aspects of soil sensors are explored. The soil sensing techniques covered in this chapter include aerial sensing, in-situ, proximal sensing, and remote sensing. The underlying mechanism used for sensing is also examined as well. The sensor selection and calibration techniques are described in detail. The chapter concludes with discussion of soil sensing challenges.
Soil Moisture And Permittivity Estimation, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Soil Moisture And Permittivity Estimation, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications
The soil moisture and permittivity estimation is vital for the success of the variable rate approaches in the field of the decision agriculture. In this chapter, the development of a novel permittivity estimation and soil moisture sensing approach is presented. The empirical setup and experimental methodology for the power delay measurements used in model are introduced. Moreover, the performance analysis is explained that includes the model validation and error analysis. The transfer functions are reported as well for soil moisture and permittivity estimation. Furthermore, the potential applications of the developed approach in different disciplines are also examined.
Autonomous Irrigation Management In Decision Agriculture, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Autonomous Irrigation Management In Decision Agriculture, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications
In this chapter, the important application of autonomous irrigation management in the field decision agriculture is discussed. The different types of sensor-guided irrigation systems are presented that includes center pivot systems and drip irrigation systems. Their sensing and actuator components are with detailed focus on real-time decision-making and integration to the cloud. This chapter also presents irrigation control systems which takes, as an input, soil moisture and temperature from IOUT and weather data from Internet and communicate with center pivot based irrigation systems. Moreover, the system architecture is explored where development of the nodes including sensing and actuators is presented. …
Decision Agriculture, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Decision Agriculture, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications
In this chapter, the latest developments in the field of decision agriculture are discussed. The practice of management zones in digital agriculture is described for efficient and smart faming. Accordingly, the methodology for delineating management zones is presented. Modeling of decision support systems is explained along with discussion of the issues and challenges in this area. Moreover, the precision agriculture technology is also considered. Moreover, the chapter surveys the state of the decision agriculture technologies in the countries such as Bulgaria, Denmark, France, Israel, Malaysia, Pakistan, United Kingdom, Ukraine, and Sweden. Finally, different field factors such as GPS accuracy and …
Variable Rate Applications In Decision Agriculture, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Variable Rate Applications In Decision Agriculture, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications
In this chapter, the variable rate applications (VRA) are presented for the field of decision agriculture. The characteristics of VRA control systems are described along with control hardware. Different types of VRA systems are discussed (e.g., liquid VRA systems and dry VRA systems). A case study is also explored in this regard. Moreover, recent advances and future trends are also outlined. Accordingly, a sustainable variable-rate irrigation scheduling is studied where different hardware and software component of the cyber-physical system are considered. Finally, chapter is concluded with a novel sensor deployment methodology.
Signals In The Soil: Underground Antennas, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Signals In The Soil: Underground Antennas, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications
Antenna is a major design component of Internet of Underground Things (IOUT) communication system. The use of antenna, in IOUT, differs from traditional communication in that it is buried in the soil. Therefore, one of the main challenges, in IOUT applications, is to establish a reliable communication. To that end, there is a need of designing an underground-specific antenna. Three major factors that can impact the performance of a buried antenna are: (1) effect of high soil permittivity changes the wavelength of EM waves, (2) variations in soil moisture with time affecting the permittivity of the soil, and (3) difference …
Wireless Underground Channel Modeling, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Wireless Underground Channel Modeling, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications
A comprehensive treatment of wireless underground channel modeling is presented in this chapter. The impacts of the soil on bandwidth and path loss are analyzed. A mechanism for the UG channel sounding and multipath characteristics analysis is discussed. Moreover, novel time-domain impulse response model for WUC is reviewed with the explanation of model parameters and statistics. Furthermore, different types of the through-the-soil wireless communications are surveyed. Finally, the chapter concludes with discussion of the UG wireless statistical model and path loss model for through-the-soil wireless communications in decision agriculture. The model presented in this chapter is also validated with empirical …
Signals In The Soil: An Introduction To Wireless Underground Communications, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Signals In The Soil: An Introduction To Wireless Underground Communications, Abdul Salam, Usman Raza
Computer Information Technology Faculty Publications
In this chapter, wireless underground (UG) communications are introduced. A detailed overview of WUC is given. A comprehensive review of research challenges in WUC is presented. The evolution of underground wireless is also discussed. Moreover, different component of UG communications is wireless. The WUC system architecture is explained with a detailed discussion of the anatomy of an underground mote. The examples of UG wireless communication systems are explored. Furthermore, the differences of UG wireless and over-the-air wireless are debated. Different types of wireless underground channel (e.g., In-Soil, Soil-to-Air, and Air-to-Soil) are reported as well.
Improving The Sustainability And Mitigating Environmental Impacts Of Grazed Grassland, H. J. Di, K. C. Cameron
Improving The Sustainability And Mitigating Environmental Impacts Of Grazed Grassland, H. J. Di, K. C. Cameron
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
Effect Of Peat On The Soil Physical Properties, Jianyu Cui, Yajia Liu, Kangguo Mu, Xiaoqing Zhang, Lin Hu
Effect Of Peat On The Soil Physical Properties, Jianyu Cui, Yajia Liu, Kangguo Mu, Xiaoqing Zhang, Lin Hu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Alfalfa Stand Age On Rhizosphere Soil Phosphorus In Saline Soil, Wenxing Gao, Zhiyu Zhou, Lili Zhang, Bin Ma, Gang Zhang
Effects Of Alfalfa Stand Age On Rhizosphere Soil Phosphorus In Saline Soil, Wenxing Gao, Zhiyu Zhou, Lili Zhang, Bin Ma, Gang Zhang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilizers On Growth And Turf Quality Of Kentucky Bluegrass, Yuling Deng, Yan Peng, Yukuan Wang
Effects Of Nitrogen Fertilizers On Growth And Turf Quality Of Kentucky Bluegrass, Yuling Deng, Yan Peng, Yukuan Wang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
Change In Soil Nh4+‐N And No3- Under Different Land Use Types In The Longzhong Part Of Loess Plateau, Ding Guo, Xiaoyu Dong, Xiaodong Li, Xudong Li, Hua Fu
Change In Soil Nh4+‐N And No3- Under Different Land Use Types In The Longzhong Part Of Loess Plateau, Ding Guo, Xiaoyu Dong, Xiaodong Li, Xudong Li, Hua Fu
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
Litterfall Deposition Along An Altitude Gradient, Northeast Mexico, Humberto González, T. G. Domínguez, I. C. Silva, M. V. Gómez, R. G. Ramírez
Litterfall Deposition Along An Altitude Gradient, Northeast Mexico, Humberto González, T. G. Domínguez, I. C. Silva, M. V. Gómez, R. G. Ramírez
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilisation And Cutting Frequency On The Yield And Regrowth Of Panicum Maximum Jacq In West Cameroon, E. Tedonkeng Pamo, B. Boukila, C. N. Meduke, F. Tendonkeng
Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilisation And Cutting Frequency On The Yield And Regrowth Of Panicum Maximum Jacq In West Cameroon, E. Tedonkeng Pamo, B. Boukila, C. N. Meduke, F. Tendonkeng
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
Sward Height Effect On Emission Of Nh3 From Broiler Manure Applied To Dactylis Glomerata L., Shabtai Bittman, A. K. Lau, D. E. Hunt, C. G. Kowalenko
Sward Height Effect On Emission Of Nh3 From Broiler Manure Applied To Dactylis Glomerata L., Shabtai Bittman, A. K. Lau, D. E. Hunt, C. G. Kowalenko
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
Na Compound Fertilizer Promotes Growth And Enhances Drought Resistance Of Desert Plants, Xiangrui Zhou, Lijun Yue, Chunmei Wang, Suomin Wang
Na Compound Fertilizer Promotes Growth And Enhances Drought Resistance Of Desert Plants, Xiangrui Zhou, Lijun Yue, Chunmei Wang, Suomin Wang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
How Do Native And Improved Grasses Affect Above‐Ground Production And Soil Organic C?, Walter D. Willms, X. Hao, Guodong Han, Mengli Zhao, H. Douwes
How Do Native And Improved Grasses Affect Above‐Ground Production And Soil Organic C?, Walter D. Willms, X. Hao, Guodong Han, Mengli Zhao, H. Douwes
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
Intensive Grazing Leads To Degradation And Spatial Homogenization Of Topsoils In Two Major Steppetypes In Inner Mongolia, P. R. China, M. Wiesmeier, M. Steffens, A. Kölbl, I. Kögel-Knabner
Intensive Grazing Leads To Degradation And Spatial Homogenization Of Topsoils In Two Major Steppetypes In Inner Mongolia, P. R. China, M. Wiesmeier, M. Steffens, A. Kölbl, I. Kögel-Knabner
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
The Impact Of Different Grassland Land‐Uses On Earthworm Populations In A New Zealand Fragi‐Pallic Soil, Todd A. White, Trevor L. Knight, C. L. Goulter, W. J. Clarke-Hill
The Impact Of Different Grassland Land‐Uses On Earthworm Populations In A New Zealand Fragi‐Pallic Soil, Todd A. White, Trevor L. Knight, C. L. Goulter, W. J. Clarke-Hill
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
Patterns In Tropical Grass Silicification: Response To Substrate Fertilization, Valentin Kindomihou, Pierre Meerts, Brice Sinsin
Patterns In Tropical Grass Silicification: Response To Substrate Fertilization, Valentin Kindomihou, Pierre Meerts, Brice Sinsin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
A Smart Soil Loss Estimator, Brandon W. Sims
A Smart Soil Loss Estimator, Brandon W. Sims
Student Theses and Dissertations
Machine learning was combined with RUSLE2 erosion prediction technology to quickly estimate soil erosion by water over large areas. The new modeling framework combines efficient geoprocessing and machine learning techniques to allow the application of the RUSLE2 model to entire watersheds while maintaining high spatial resolution that consider actual overland flow paths, drainage networks, soil properties, and land use. The methodology uses topographic information from LiDAR digital elevation models, soil maps from SSURGO, spatial crop data from USDA NASS, and RUSLE2 databases describing climate and agricultural operations. New geoprocessing algorithms define hillslopes and extract topographic, soil, and crop properties. A …
Effect Of Azospirillum On Fodder Production In The Semi‐Arid Region Of South India, J. Sebastinraj, K. Mahoharan, Kailash Paliwal
Effect Of Azospirillum On Fodder Production In The Semi‐Arid Region Of South India, J. Sebastinraj, K. Mahoharan, Kailash Paliwal
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
Does Pre‐Existing Vegetation Make A Difference For Re‐Establishing Native Shrubs?, Michael P. Schellenberg, J. C. Perez, D. Henderson, John F. Wilmshurst
Does Pre‐Existing Vegetation Make A Difference For Re‐Establishing Native Shrubs?, Michael P. Schellenberg, J. C. Perez, D. Henderson, John F. Wilmshurst
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.
Free Amino Acids Content And Nitrogen Mobilization In Panicum Maximum, Patricia M. Santos, J. A. Bendolassi, Rodolfo Godoy
Free Amino Acids Content And Nitrogen Mobilization In Panicum Maximum, Patricia M. Santos, J. A. Bendolassi, Rodolfo Godoy
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
No abstract provided.