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Full-Text Articles in Soil Science
Effects Of Treading And The Return Of Excreta On A Perennial Ryegrass - White Clover Sward Defoliated By Continuously Grazing Sheep, M L. Currl, R J. Wilkins
Effects Of Treading And The Return Of Excreta On A Perennial Ryegrass - White Clover Sward Defoliated By Continuously Grazing Sheep, M L. Currl, R J. Wilkins
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Grazing sheep may affect the association between grass and clover in a mixed sward by defoliation, treading, and the circulation of nitrogen (N) via excreta. Our objective was to examine the effect of treading and excreta on a perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne)-white clover (Trifolium repens)sward defoliated by sheep at high and low stocking rates. Established swards of perennial ryegrass and white clover were continuously stocked from May to October with yearling wether sheep at 25 and';5() head/ha. Sward production and species composition were measured inside graze-through cages that allowed defoliation without treading and excreta return, and …
The Effects Of The Different Cultivars Of Orchardgrass, S143 And Aonami, On Botanical Composition In Perennial Ryegrass/ Orchardgrass/ White Clover Pasture, T Suyama, T Mitamura, S Murasato, Y Takimoto, K Nishimura, H Takeda, E Tsuneishi
The Effects Of The Different Cultivars Of Orchardgrass, S143 And Aonami, On Botanical Composition In Perennial Ryegrass/ Orchardgrass/ White Clover Pasture, T Suyama, T Mitamura, S Murasato, Y Takimoto, K Nishimura, H Takeda, E Tsuneishi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The experiment was conducted to determine the effect of two cul ti vars of orchardgrass, S143 and Aonami, on the botanical composition of pasture under the precursor-follower grazing system. Each cultivar was sown as a main component in the mixture with perennial rye grass and white clover. The herbage mass in the pasture with Sl 43(Sl 43-pasture) was less than that in the pasture with Aon
Animal Production Of Fattening Young Steers And Beef Cows By Precursor- Follower System On Two Pasture Types, Y Takimoto, K Nishimura, H Takeda, E Tsuneishi, T Suyama, T Mitamura, S Murasato
Animal Production Of Fattening Young Steers And Beef Cows By Precursor- Follower System On Two Pasture Types, Y Takimoto, K Nishimura, H Takeda, E Tsuneishi, T Suyama, T Mitamura, S Murasato
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Animal productions were compared on two pastures, i.e. PW pasture (perennial ryegrass-white clover dominant pasture) and PO pasture (perennial ryegrass-orchardgrass dominant pasture), through precursor-follower system using feeder steers and beef cows. The experiment was carried out in 1983 and 1984. After close of grazing feeder steers were fattened for 6 or 7 months, then the carcass characteristics were examined. Feeder steers used in the experiment 1983 were born in spring and grazed for 2 seasons. And in the experiment 1984 steers were born in spring and in fall. They grazed for 2 seasons and 1 season, respectivery. By the precursor-follower …
A Comparison Of The Herbage Yield Of Three White Clovers (Trifolium Repens) Of Differing Leaf Size, M L. Smetham
A Comparison Of The Herbage Yield Of Three White Clovers (Trifolium Repens) Of Differing Leaf Size, M L. Smetham
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A good level of cool season activity is desirable in pasture plants for use in New Zealand. However, while the mechanisms contributing to this have been intensively studied in grasses, this is not so for legumes. An experiment was designed to study the components of vegetative yield contributing to the cool season growth of three white clover ecotypes of differing leaf size. Measurements of growth on a marked stolon showed that during winter, spring and early summer the DM yield ( consisting of leaf growth on a tagged stolon) of the large-leaved ecotype exceeded that of the smaller-leaved white clover …
Survival Of A White Clover Cultivar In New Zealand Hill Pasture, J.F L. Charlton, J R. Sedcole
Survival Of A White Clover Cultivar In New Zealand Hill Pasture, J.F L. Charlton, J R. Sedcole
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
100 'Grasslands Huia' white clover plants were planted in autumn 1979 at each of 3 hill pasture sites with wet, moist or dry annual soil moisture status. Surviving plants were counted and measured for leaf number, mean leaf size and plant spread 4 times per year for 4 years. Generally, plants with more leaves or greater spread were more likely to survive. Survival was greatest (27% after 4 years) at the dry site, which had fewer plant pests and a grazing management that permitted rapid spring growth.
The Species Composition Index: A Tool For Explaining Variability In Steer Grazing Experiments, Henry A. Fribourg, J B. Mclaren
The Species Composition Index: A Tool For Explaining Variability In Steer Grazing Experiments, Henry A. Fribourg, J B. Mclaren
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Forage growth and consumption, and animal performance were estimated in two beef steer (Bos sp.) backgrounding experiments concurrently with several environmental, plant, and animal characteristics. This paper describes, evaluates and validates a technique that combines the dynamic changes in species composition of grass-legume pastures over time into a Species Composition Index (SCI). This index then can be related to the effects of year, season, grazing pressure, forage quality, precipitation, and air temperature on forage growth and consumption, and animal performance. The SCI was compared to the traditional classification variable 'treatment' to describe seven different pasture conbinations of forage species for …
Advantages And Management Of Grass-Legume Associations In Forage Production, J Lehmann, E Meister
Advantages And Management Of Grass-Legume Associations In Forage Production, J Lehmann, E Meister
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The quality and forage yield of grass/legume associations is higher than in pure grass stands, with comparable nitrogen inputs. During a 180 day growing season, 10 - 15 t/ha of forage dry matter can be produced with less than 150 kg fertilizer nitrogen. Forage from mixed swards has a higher energy and protein content and a better balanced mineral composition. Both the high content of digestible organic matter and the legumes have a positive influence on the dry matter, energy and protein intake of the cows and the amount of milk these can produce therefrom. The decrease in quality with …
Effect Of Invertebrates On Nitrogen Fixation In Temperate Pastures, K W. Steele, R N. Watson, P M. Bonish, R A. Littler, G W. Yeates
Effect Of Invertebrates On Nitrogen Fixation In Temperate Pastures, K W. Steele, R N. Watson, P M. Bonish, R A. Littler, G W. Yeates
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Annual nitrogen fixation in New Zealand pastures is well below its potential. The research reported is part of a programme directed towards identifying limitations to nitrogen fixation by the Trifolium repens-Rhizobium trifolii symbiosis. Sixteen field trials were conducted with tretments designed to provide selective control of various invertebrate pests of Trifolium repens. Measurements included herbage production, botanical composition, nitrogen fixation and root dissections. Application of pesticides significantly increased legume production, the number of nodules/g of Trifolium repens root and nitrogen fixation. Total N uptake in pasture herbage was increased by up to 118 kg N/ha/yr. The increase in nitrogen fixation …
Application Of Ovule Culture To Interspecific Hybridization Between Trifolium Repens And T. Ambiguum, T Yamada, H Fukoka
Application Of Ovule Culture To Interspecific Hybridization Between Trifolium Repens And T. Ambiguum, T Yamada, H Fukoka
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The objective of the present study was to apply the ovule culture for the production of interspecific hybrids between Trifolium repens and T. ambiguum. Significant ovary development occurred only when T. ambiguum was used as the female parent. After interspecific fertilization, almost all hybrid ovules fail to develop from about 7th day after pollination. Observation of the growth pattern of hybrid ovules suggests that these should be excised and transplanted to the culture medium by the 5th day after pollination, A medium containing minerals of the minor modified Nitsch (1951), Vitamines (Murashige and Skoog 1962), 7% sucrose, 0.2% Casein …
On The Resource Of Chinese White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.), Zhu Bangchang
On The Resource Of Chinese White Clover (Trifolium Repens L.), Zhu Bangchang
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
China is one of the countries in the world rich in legume. According to the research of Dr Sun-xingdong, the late herbalist, among the Chinese local genera Trifolium, there are white clover (Trifolium repens L. ), and so on; all of them number about more than ten species. White clover has a specially important place in the herbage resource in every province of South China. Chinese white clover is distributed mainly over the range of 22°-51° north latitude, 80°-130° east longitude. The range of optimal temperature for white clover is l9°-24°C, but under -15°C (minimum temperature) in winter, it …
Variation With Season And Node Position In Carbohydrate Content Of White Clover Stolons, M.J M. Hay, A.C P. Chu, M V. Knighton, S Wewala
Variation With Season And Node Position In Carbohydrate Content Of White Clover Stolons, M.J M. Hay, A.C P. Chu, M V. Knighton, S Wewala
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Storage of carbohydrate in stolon of field-grown white clover (Trifolium repens L.) is important as up to 60 % of dry matter is in stolons and their carbohydrate content is high relative to roots (Harris et al., 1983). Previously no account has been taken of node position when the carbohydrate status of stolons has been assessed. Most field-grown white clover is clonal, with older nodes continually dying as new nodes are formed, hence the pattern of carbohydrate storage of individual nodes may differ. The objectives of this study were to determine the carbohydrate status of individual nodes at different …
Characteristics Of Individual White Clover Plants In Grazed Swards, M J.M Hay, J L. Brock, V J. Thomas
Characteristics Of Individual White Clover Plants In Grazed Swards, M J.M Hay, J L. Brock, V J. Thomas
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Compared to the large volume of agronomic research on white clover (Trifolium repens L.), studies on the growth and morphology of individual plants constituting the population under grazing are few (Brock et al., 1988). Increased knowledge of the clonal growth and seasonal behaviour of individual white clover plants is seen as essential (Snaydon, 1985) if the mechanisms governing persistence and productivity in mixed grazed swards are to be understood. Seasonal growth patterns of white clover vary with environment (Jones, 1982) and this paper describes seasonal variation in some characteristics of individual white clover plants in grazed swards in a temperate …
Rates Of Destruction Of Growing Points Of Pasture Legumes By Grazing Cattle, R J. Clements
Rates Of Destruction Of Growing Points Of Pasture Legumes By Grazing Cattle, R J. Clements
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Twining tropical pasture legumes such as Siratro ( Macroptilium atropurpureum) are unable to persist under sustained heavy grazing, whereas prost��ate legumes such as white clover (Trifolium repens) persist well. The reasons for this are not fully understood. Survival of individual Siratro plants is reduced by heavy grazing (Jones and Bunch, 1988). The destruction of growing points of erect legumes during grazing may reduce growth and weaken the plants. The effects of grazing pressure on the demography of growing points and on turnover of plant tissue have been studied at this Laboratory since 1984. Some results are reviewed briefly …
The Potential Role Of Temperate Pastures For The Production Of Fat Lambs In The Sub Tropics, N M. Tainton, D I. Bransby, M B. Hardy, T M. Du Plessis
The Potential Role Of Temperate Pastures For The Production Of Fat Lambs In The Sub Tropics, N M. Tainton, D I. Bransby, M B. Hardy, T M. Du Plessis
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the sub-humi\i (700-1000 mm rainfall p.a.) sub-tropical regions of Southern Africa, fat lambs have traditionally been produced as a by-product of extensive merino based wool production systems. Natural grassland (veld) or summer growing sub-tropical pastures have formed the basis of the forage system, with dryland winter cereals and root crops often used to supplement the diet. To improve the level of production, a more reliable source of high quality forage needs to be provided to the lactating ewes and to the lambs from birth to slaughter. This need has led to the investigation of possible intensive fat lamb systems …
Improving Animal Performance By Grazing Clovers, C P. Bagley, J I. Feazel, C C. Willis
Improving Animal Performance By Grazing Clovers, C P. Bagley, J I. Feazel, C C. Willis
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Warm-season perennial grasses, such as 'Coastal' bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon L.), are characterized as being relatively high in yield capabilities but low to moderate in forage quality as compared with cool-season grasses (Wilson, 1984). Legumes can be interseeded into grass sods which can increase both forage yield (Knight, 1970) and animal performance (Blaser et al., 1956; Bagley et al., 1988). Performance of stocker animals has been shown to be much lower during the summer on bermudagrass compared with similar weight steers grazing ryegrass (Bagley, 1987). Legumes may be capable of extending the high performance grazing season of stocker beef past …
Paturage De Ray-Grass Anglais- Trefle Blanc Par Les Vaches Laitieres, A Pflimlin, F Chenais, J F. Annezo, J Kerouanton, D Le Meur
Paturage De Ray-Grass Anglais- Trefle Blanc Par Les Vaches Laitieres, A Pflimlin, F Chenais, J F. Annezo, J Kerouanton, D Le Meur
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Dans le contexte des quotas laitiers, les patures de ray-grass anglais - trefle blanc a faible fumure azotee peuvent etre l'une des voies pour maintenir le revenu, dans la mesure ou elles permettent des productions laitieres par vache et par hectare proches de celles obtenues sur pature de ray-grass recevant 300 unites d'azote par ha et par an. Le programme de recherche mis en place en Bretagne a partir de 1982 sur ce theme s'appuie sur un reseau d'observations d'une centaine de fermes laitieres et sur des essais en station, dont ceux de Trevarez presentes ciapres.
Valeur Alimentaire Des Associations Graminees- Trefle Blanc Au Stade Du Paturage, R Giovanni
Valeur Alimentaire Des Associations Graminees- Trefle Blanc Au Stade Du Paturage, R Giovanni
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Cette etude a eu pour objectif de comparer la composition et la digestibilite du trefle blanc a celles des deux principales gra-. minees fourrageres, le ray-grass anglais (RG) et le dactyle (D), utilisees dans l'Ouest de la France. En effet, ii est apparu interessant de preciser !'influence du trefle blanc (TB) sur la valeur alimentaire de son association avec ces graminees. Cette etude a ete effectuee simultanement sur des fourrages coupes distribues a des moutons en cage de digestibilite et sur des echantillons preleves a chaque cycle du paturage de jeunes bovins.
An In Vitro Chromosome Doubling Method For Interspecific Hybrids Of Trifolium, Claire Moussett-Declas, J A. Anderson, Elisabeth G. Williams, N L. Taylor
An In Vitro Chromosome Doubling Method For Interspecific Hybrids Of Trifolium, Claire Moussett-Declas, J A. Anderson, Elisabeth G. Williams, N L. Taylor
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Over 60 interspecific hybrids have been made in the genus Trifolium (Cleveland, 1985), some of them representing attempts to introduce persistance or pest resistance into cultivated clovers. Most of these hybrids, however, have been sterile. To attempt to restore fertility, colchicine methods have been applied to mature hybrid plants in vivo, but with limited success. A routine, simple technique for chromosome doubling in vegetative meristems is therefore still required, particularly for sterile hybrid materials which are available as mature vegetative clones rather than seed. We have adapted for use with clover hybrids the in vitro chromosome doubling technique used by …
Breeding White Clover For Resistance To Root Know Nematode, J Van Den Bosch, C F. Mercer
Breeding White Clover For Resistance To Root Know Nematode, J Van Den Bosch, C F. Mercer
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is the most important legume species used in New Zealand pastoral agriculture (Williams, 1987). However, its growth and fixation of nitrogen can be severely reduced by the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla Chitwood (Widdowson et al., 1973; Yeates et al., 1973; Yeates et al., 1977). This nematode is commonly found throughout New Zealand (Mercer and Woodfield, 1986; Skipp and Christensen, 1983) Chemical control is not economic, or environmentally desirable. The breeding of resistant cul ti vars may be an effective way to reduce the effects of this pest. Resistance or tolerance in white clover …
White Clover Root Systems And Their Influence On The Survival Of Perennial Pastures In South Africa, A Smith, D.C W. Goodenough, A.R J. Morrison, Marie F. Smith
White Clover Root Systems And Their Influence On The Survival Of Perennial Pastures In South Africa, A Smith, D.C W. Goodenough, A.R J. Morrison, Marie F. Smith
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
The eastern part of the Republic of South Africa receives a relatively high rainfall, which results in it having a high agricultural potential. The quality of natural and cultivated pastures can be vastly improved by the introduction of a legume component. In the areas where pastures are likely to develop, the soils are acid and highly leached. White clover is not normally tolerant of low P, low Ca and high Al soil contents, and due to its normally shallow rooting habit it consequently suffers easily from drought conditions, and therefore has a much reduced productive period of approximately 30 months …
White Clover Yield, Quality, And Persistence : Insecticide, Fungicide, Nematode, And Virus Effects, G A. Pederson, G L. Windham, M M. Ellsbury, M R. Mclaughlin, R G. Pratt, G E. Brink
White Clover Yield, Quality, And Persistence : Insecticide, Fungicide, Nematode, And Virus Effects, G A. Pederson, G L. Windham, M M. Ellsbury, M R. Mclaughlin, R G. Pratt, G E. Brink
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
White clover (Trifolium repens L.) is the most important forage legume for perennial pastures in the southeastern United States. Commonly, white clover stands decline within 2 to 3 years after seeding. This decline has been reported to be due to many factors including fungal diseases (Graham et al., 1961 ; James et al., 1980) insects (Graham et al., 1961 ; James et al., 1980), viruses (Kreitlow et al., 1957; Barnett and Gibson, 1977), and root-knot nematodes (Baxter and Gibson, 1959). No studies have evaluated effects of combinations or interactions of these factors on white clover growth in the field. …
Nitrogen Fixation In Mixed Pastures Under Two Grazing Intensities, R O. Refi, C A. Navarro, C J. Escuder
Nitrogen Fixation In Mixed Pastures Under Two Grazing Intensities, R O. Refi, C A. Navarro, C J. Escuder
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
In the Humid Pampa, 10 millions of ha present intrazonal hydromorphic alkaline soils with low P assimilable content and cyclic floods and droughts. Gramineous native ranges utilized for extensive cattle raising with low productivity levels occupy 70 % of the area. The lack of adapted legume and grass genotypes and little information about grazing management makes it difficult to increase production through implanted pastures due to their low persistence (Darwich and Gonzalez, 1982). To modify this situation an interdisciplinary study of four forage mixtures integrated by promising germplasm for that conditions was carried out. This paper is part of that …
Animal Production And Dynamics Of Pangola Grass, Ryegrass, And White Clover As Influenced By Grazing Pressure, A De Moraes, G E. Maraschin
Animal Production And Dynamics Of Pangola Grass, Ryegrass, And White Clover As Influenced By Grazing Pressure, A De Moraes, G E. Maraschin
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A grazing experiment was conducted at the Estacao Experimental Agronomica - UFRGS, Eldorado do Sul, RS, from June 1989 to March 1990, to evaluate a mixed pasture of pangola grass (Digitaria eriantha), ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and white clover (Trifolium repens) under 4 levels of grazing pressure (GP), namely: 3.S, 7 ,0, 10.5 and 14.0 kg DM of forage on offer /100 kg live weight (LW), with 2 field replications. Average live-weight gain (LWG) decreased as grazing pressure increased. Maximum LWG was obtained at grazing pressures of approximately 12%, which was associated with DM residues …
Clover-Based Pasture Systems For Intensive Sheep Production In The Central Highlands Of Papua New Guinea, S Sivasupiramaniam, A K. Benjamin, J Pitala
Clover-Based Pasture Systems For Intensive Sheep Production In The Central Highlands Of Papua New Guinea, S Sivasupiramaniam, A K. Benjamin, J Pitala
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
This paper describes some of the studies that have been conducted since 1985 to develop clover-based pasture systems for intensive sheep production in the central highlands of Papua New Guinea. The clovers tested were Trifolium repens cv. Haifn (Haifa white clover) and Trifolium semipilosum cv. Safari (Kenya white clover). They were sown together, with setaria (Setaria sphacelata cv. Nandi) and signal grass (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Basilisk) at Menifo (1400 m asl) and with setacia and kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum cv. Whittet) at Tambul (2240 m) and Yogos (1950 m) in the central highlands. At Menifo, when rotationally grazed …
Weed Seed Contamination: Use Of A Seed Testing Database To Identify Processing Limitations, J S. Rowarth, M P. Rolston, A A. Johnson
Weed Seed Contamination: Use Of A Seed Testing Database To Identify Processing Limitations, J S. Rowarth, M P. Rolston, A A. Johnson
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A computerised database maintained by the Official Seed Testing Station of New Zealand provided the opporlunity to survey weed seed contamination in clover and grass seed-lots. Broad-leaf weeds such as Slierardia arvensis, Stellaria ,nedia and Chenopodium album were the major contaminants in Trifolium repens seed-lots. In grass seed-lots the main contaminants were seeds of other grasses such as Bromus hordaeceus, Vulpia spp. and Holcus lanatus. Weed seeds were found to be a major reason for downgrading or rejection from certification of clover and grass seed-lots in New Zealand; this reflects strict quality control measures.
Seed Vigour In Lucerne And White Clover, Y R. Wang, J G. Hampton
Seed Vigour In Lucerne And White Clover, Y R. Wang, J G. Hampton
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Accelerated ageing (AA) was used to assess the seed vigour of 5 lucerne (Medicago sativa L, cv. Wairau) and 8 white clover (Trifolium repens L. cv. Grasslands Huia) seed-lots. Germination prior to AA ranged from 86-94% and 87-94% for the lucerne and white clover seed-lots respectively. All seed-lots hl\d been harvested in 1988 and were certified either as basic or first generation. Germination after 72 h at 40:t0.5°C (AA test) ranged frcim 31-76% for the lucerne seedlots and 15-56% for che white clover seed-lots, indicating significant differences in seed.vigour among lots of both species. Time of ageing influenced …
Growing Methods For The Morphological Assessment Of White Clover Cultivars Purity, J G. Hampton, E J. Musukwa
Growing Methods For The Morphological Assessment Of White Clover Cultivars Purity, J G. Hampton, E J. Musukwa
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Three growing methods (field sward, field spaced plants, glasshouse plants) were compared for the morphological assessment of white clover (Trifolium repens L.) cultivar purity. Three cerlified (breeders, basic and first generation) seed-lots of cv. Grasslands Kopu and one first generation Kopu seed lot which had been mixed with seed of another cultivnr (10:1) were used to generate data. After analysis of variance (ANOVA), significant (P<0.05) reductions from the breeders seed lot siandnrd for leaf size, stolon number and leaf length/width ratio were recorded for the mixed seed· 101 in nil three growing methods, and for petiole length with the sward method only. With the glasshouse and spaced-plant melhods, slolon numbers of the basic and first generation seed-lots were reduced (P<0.05), while leaf size was lower (P<0.05) for the first generation seed-lot in lhe glasshouse. However, under OECD certification requirements, leaf size of the mixed seed lot was the only characler for which "off types" were detecled. Data coefficients of variation were no greater for the glasshouse method than the required OECD plot-test method.
Model Herbage Seed Farm Establishment In South-West China, Guizhou Province, M P. Rolston, G W. Lill, R W. Brougham, Xie Jishi
Model Herbage Seed Farm Establishment In South-West China, Guizhou Province, M P. Rolston, G W. Lill, R W. Brougham, Xie Jishi
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
A model herbage seed farm was established during 1983-1988 in Guizhou to provide a base for research, training and the product.ion of quality seed for smallholder pasture development. The site is at 26°N in a monsoonal subtropical zone at 1000 m asl. Mean monthly temperatures range from 4°C in winter to 25°C in summer. Seed yield potential of cultivars of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata), white clover (Trifolium repens) and red clover (Trifolium pratense) was evaluated. Major nutrient limitations were identified, including responses to K and P. Management strategies to …
Improvement Of Shrub-Covered Hill Pasture By Root Raking: Effect Of Aspect, Superphosphate And Time From Sowing On Nitrogen Fixation And Clover Growth, M P. Rolston, J R. Crush, B P. Devantier
Improvement Of Shrub-Covered Hill Pasture By Root Raking: Effect Of Aspect, Superphosphate And Time From Sowing On Nitrogen Fixation And Clover Growth, M P. Rolston, J R. Crush, B P. Devantier
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
New white clover (Trifolium repens) grass pastures were established on shrub-covered hill slopes cleared by bulldozer root raking, The site included north and south aspects, and plots were individually fenced and grazed with sheep with superphosphate treatments of 1815 or 790 kg/ha (9% P). Nitrogen fixation was assessed over 5 years, with up. to 308 kg N/ha fixed in year I. Nitrogen fixation rates declined with time and were 72% higher on the moister southern aspect, and 33% higher with high superphosphate. Clover production showed similar trends. Nitrogen fixation efficiency (kg N fixed/I clover dry matter) increased from …
Floret Site Utilization Of White Clover, A H. Marshall, D H. Hides
Floret Site Utilization Of White Clover, A H. Marshall, D H. Hides
IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)
Plants of white clover (Trifolium repensL.) cv. Olwen were grown in an open glasshouse at 20°C and ovule growth and development measured. Differences in the rate of growth of ovules within ovaries were observed as early as 2 days after pollination. Ovules reached a maximum size after 8 days, with the smallest only half the size of the largest. After 8 days the smallest ovules became flaccid and shrivelled. Ovule position within the ovary had no effect on the frequency of seed set. Inflorescence position and floret position on the inflorescence had a significant effect on the number …