Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Soil Science Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication Year
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 841 - 870 of 14281

Full-Text Articles in Soil Science

The Effect Of Grass Tiller Density On The Performance Of White Clover, A J. Brereton, O T. Carton, A Conway Jul 2025

The Effect Of Grass Tiller Density On The Performance Of White Clover, A J. Brereton, O T. Carton, A Conway

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The research was undertaken to obtain data on the factors affecting the ecological stability of grass/white clover swards. The objective was to monitor the changes in the level of clover dominance within and between seasons under different managements. The changes were compared with concurrent changes in the density of grass tillers. The results showed that clover dominance was reduced as grass tiller density increased. Clover dominance was maintained over three years in swards cut at 28-day intervals during the growing season. Clover declined progressively in swards cut at 14-day intervals. This decline was also related to an increase in grass …

Go to article

Distribution Of C3 And C4 Type Grasses, And Climatic Patterns In Korea, S K. Lee, N K. Chang Jul 2025

Distribution Of C3 And C4 Type Grasses, And Climatic Patterns In Korea, S K. Lee, N K. Chang

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stepwise multiple regression analyses were used in the aims to correlate statistically the geographic patterns in the abundance of½, C4 and CAM type grasses with patterns in climatic variables. The dominant grasses having the C3 , C4 and CAM pathways of photosynthesis were computed for the importance values of all the grass floras in 258 widely spaced regions of South Korea. From long-term climatic records, seasonal and annual values for solar irradiance, water supply, heat availability and combinations of these variables were assigned to each of 258 regions. The results of the analyses suggest that high humidity such as river …

Go to article

Observations On The Revegetative Plant Successions Resulting From Digging Den Activity Of Rodents In Mountainous Grasslands Of North-Western China, Chen Qing Cheng Jul 2025

Observations On The Revegetative Plant Successions Resulting From Digging Den Activity Of Rodents In Mountainous Grasslands Of North-Western China, Chen Qing Cheng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In this paper, the revegetative plant successions on the rodent den mounds built up by Marmota himalayana, Myospalax fotarerii and Ochotona dahurica on various types of grassland have been studied and described. The objectives of this study are to arrange systematically the general processes and series of these successions and to seek means for promoting the revegetation of these mounds in order to raise the yield of forages in these grasslands. Characteristics of plant succession on the mounds have been summed up and methods and techniques for promoting the revegetation of these secondary bare areas have been suggested.

Go to article

Effects Of Defoliation On The Difference In Growth Between Large And Small Plants In Swards, Y Takasaki, H Oizumi, H Nojima Jul 2025

Effects Of Defoliation On The Difference In Growth Between Large And Small Plants In Swards, Y Takasaki, H Oizumi, H Nojima

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Stands of alfalfa (Medicago sativa) become sparser as cutting frequency is increased (Takasaki, 1980), while stands of orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata) or tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) become denser as cutting frequency is increased (Jung et al., 1974; Ishida et al., 1971). It is assumed that defoliation of swards increases the difference in growth between individual plants and causes some of them to die in the case of alfalfa, whereas in those of orchardgrass or tall fescue defoliation decreases the difference in growth and relieves stand reduction. In order to prove this assumption two experiments were …

Go to article

Herbage And Animal Production Of A Short Grass Pasture In A Mountainous Region Of Japan, M Fukuyama, M Shimamura, M Ushiyama, T Imura Jul 2025

Herbage And Animal Production Of A Short Grass Pasture In A Mountainous Region Of Japan, M Fukuyama, M Shimamura, M Ushiyama, T Imura

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Herbage and animal production of a short grass pasture established by unplowed sowing were investigated for seven years under continuous grazing. Herbage production and consumption on the pasture were estimated by using cages. Moreover, light intensity was measured with the new portable solarimeter devised by the authors for pastures. Standing crop was kept at 200-300 g dry matter (DM)/m2 throughout the grazing season, 32-78% of which was below 3 cm from the ground surface. From these results, it was found that the standing crop scarecely fluctuate seasonally and considerable herbage mass existed under the lower layer near the ground. Furthermore, …

Go to article

The Mountain Grassland Category And Its Ecological Succession Of The Greater Xing'an Mountains, Wei Shaocheng, Zhu Tingcheng Jul 2025

The Mountain Grassland Category And Its Ecological Succession Of The Greater Xing'an Mountains, Wei Shaocheng, Zhu Tingcheng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The mountain grassland of the Greater Xing'an Mountains are divided into two sorts, nine groups, fifteen types. It is suggested that mountain grasslands are sub-climax for its character of the climate and artificial succession. This classification and the rules of community dynamics will help us to know the grasslands of this area systematically. It will provide a scientific basis for the rational exploiting and utilizing the resources of the forest and grasslands, and determining the way of the agricultural production on it.

Go to article

Seasonal Dry Matter Production In Grazed Pasture Of Agrostis Alba And Its Principal Component Analysis, T Okajima, T Okubo, R Kayama, M Kikuchi Jul 2025

Seasonal Dry Matter Production In Grazed Pasture Of Agrostis Alba And Its Principal Component Analysis, T Okajima, T Okubo, R Kayama, M Kikuchi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

There are not so many reports about the matter production in the grazed pastures of short grass type. The purposes of this study are to clarify (1) the seasonal change of dry matter production and (2) the factors that affect those in the grazed redtop (Agrostis alba) pasture as short grass type. The grazing experiment was carried out in 1979, 1980 and 1981. Biomass of grasses (part of leaf, stem, standing dead and underground) was measured at the end of each grazing period in the rotation from May to October, and also in March, April and November. Principal component analysis …

Go to article

Energy Efficiency Of Primary And Secondary Production In Grazed Pasture Of Dactylis Glomerata As Compared With Those Of Paspalum Notatum, T Okubo, M Hirakawa, T Okajima, R Kayama, H Tano, N Kihira Jul 2025

Energy Efficiency Of Primary And Secondary Production In Grazed Pasture Of Dactylis Glomerata As Compared With Those Of Paspalum Notatum, T Okubo, M Hirakawa, T Okajima, R Kayama, H Tano, N Kihira

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

To evaluate and compare the key factors for energy efficiency in pasture production between temperate and subtropical grass sward, dry matter production and cattle gain were determined under grazing condition during 1979-1983. Seasonal changes in the biomass of above and underground organs and in surface litter were measured in the two types of the swards of orchardgrass mixed with Italian ryegrass and of Bahiagrass mixed with Vicia sp. In an e_xample of the conversion efficiency measured for the productive growing season in 1980 (Fig.1), Bahiagrass pasture fixed 1.36:% of global solar radiation as the net production including the growth of …

Go to article

The Stability Analysis And Energy Flow Through Leymus Chinensis Population, Zu Yuangang, Zhu Tingcheng Jul 2025

The Stability Analysis And Energy Flow Through Leymus Chinensis Population, Zu Yuangang, Zhu Tingcheng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study examines the natural Leymus chinensis grassland in Northeast China. It is concerned with solar radiation and the photosynthesis, respiration and traspiration of the Leymus chinensis population. In the process of the energy flow through the Leymus chinensis population, the energy input is 5199 Kcal/m2·d; the energy consumption is 5132.31 Kcal/m2 ·d and the energy accumulation is 66.69 Kcal/ m2 ·d. Thus it can be seen that most of the energy is lost in the environment. As a result of the stability analysis, the equilibrium state is asymptotic stability in the process of the energy flow through the Leymus …

Go to article

Energy Distribution Of Alpine Grassland -Sheep System, Zhu Xingyun, Wang Qing Jul 2025

Energy Distribution Of Alpine Grassland -Sheep System, Zhu Xingyun, Wang Qing

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The studies on sheep's grazing behaviour have been carried on in China in 50.s of this century. But the researches on the energy consumption for grazing sheep in the various of their states are very few. This paper mainly studies and discusses the energy consumption distribution for grazing sheep in their grazing behaviour.

Go to article

The Energy Intake And Its Dynamic In Alpine Grassland - Sheep Systems, Wang Qin Jul 2025

The Energy Intake And Its Dynamic In Alpine Grassland - Sheep Systems, Wang Qin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The experiment was carried out on alpine grassland, from 1978 to 1979, in Tianzhu Tibetan Autonomous County, Gansu Province. Local Tibetan sheep were used as the experiment animals.

Go to article

A Model For Plant And Cattle Growth In Ecological System Of Grazed Pasture, T Okubo, P Jacquard Jul 2025

A Model For Plant And Cattle Growth In Ecological System Of Grazed Pasture, T Okubo, P Jacquard

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The purpose of this modelling work are to describe the seasonal biomass dynamics of pasture plants and also to describe the growth of plant and cattle in field condition under grazing. Emphasis was put on the fundamental conception that energy flow or growth of organisms should be expressed as a result of balance in substrates between the demand by growing organisms and the supply of source for it, not as a simple flow from source to sink. A similar type of flow diagram was tried to apply for the expression of growth or energy flow in the subsystems of three …

Go to article

Modelling Of A Stand Of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.), P Jacquard, B Fleury, J P. Maitre Jul 2025

Modelling Of A Stand Of Red Clover (Trifolium Pratense L.), P Jacquard, B Fleury, J P. Maitre

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A model of growth and development for the Cocksfoot has been adapted to Red Clover to used in a more complex model for mixed crop (legume and grass).

Go to article

A Study Of Grassland Utilization Conditions In The Eastern Part Of Inner Mongolia By Analyzing Landsat Mss Imagery, Mei An-Xin Jul 2025

A Study Of Grassland Utilization Conditions In The Eastern Part Of Inner Mongolia By Analyzing Landsat Mss Imagery, Mei An-Xin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The present paper used images of Landsat 1.2.3.4 MSS as fundamental data. By integrating visual interpretation with optical, computer and other imagery processing methods, interpretation keys for different types of land-use were identified. A system of classification of land-use was suggested. After having worked out some maps showing the present conditions of utilization of grassland in the eastern part oflnner Mongolia and its adjacent areas, the author attempted to make an analytical study of grassland utilization.

Go to article

A Research On Using Landsat Image To Interpret The Grassland Climatic Resources, Yang Mei Hua, Gu Wei Jul 2025

A Research On Using Landsat Image To Interpret The Grassland Climatic Resources, Yang Mei Hua, Gu Wei

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Using the messages provided by the Landsat images to interpret the local climatic resources is a new problem in the field of the usage of remote sensing. This method has more important significance in the steppes and mountains lacking data. The thesis is a research report in this aspect. The emphasis of the thesis is placed on two aspects, one is that of using the remote sensing images to interpret the local climatic resources; the other is to establish the relation between the characteristics of the images and the ground climatic data. The interpreting tests are made for the grassland …

Go to article

An Analysis Of Remote Sensing To Surface Water Resources In Hulenbeier Prairie, Neimenggu, Chen Qinluan, Wang Huihui, Xiong Jiangbo Jul 2025

An Analysis Of Remote Sensing To Surface Water Resources In Hulenbeier Prairie, Neimenggu, Chen Qinluan, Wang Huihui, Xiong Jiangbo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This paper expounds that the geographic characteristics of the drainage basin are analysed and the maps of ground surface types are drawn by using LANDSAT imagery, and that the surface water resources in Hulenbeier Prairie are analysed and estimated by using the conventional hydro logic data based on these maps. The estimating problems of surface water resources of basin in the vast areas lacking data can be resolved via the analytic method of hydrologic remote sensing and the scientific basis of the aspect of water resources can be provided for rational development and useness of grassland re sources.

Go to article

Remote Sensing Analysis Of The Grassland Degradation In Hailar Area, Zhao Ji, Zhou Qiming, Fan Weihong Jul 2025

Remote Sensing Analysis Of The Grassland Degradation In Hailar Area, Zhao Ji, Zhou Qiming, Fan Weihong

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This study is aimed to describe the present conditions of the degradation of grassland in Hailar Area, Inner Mongolia, China and to explain the causes of degradation in this area so as to provide scientific basis for forming projects of using the grassland more efficiently and preventing from degradation more effectively. Based on the interpretation of Landsat images and geographical analysis of information obtained from field investigation, a classification system including desertificated, salinzed, marshy and overgrazed grassland has been established and the map of grassland degradation in this area has been complied. The methods used enhance the mapping process to …

Go to article

Remote Sensing For Grassland Monitoring In Inner Mongolia, Li Bo, Yong Shi Peng Jul 2025

Remote Sensing For Grassland Monitoring In Inner Mongolia, Li Bo, Yong Shi Peng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Grassland monitoring is observing periodically a special biome or an ecological area. Because of the wide area and unceasingly changing of natural grassland, its dynamic monitoring is an essential base for the management of grassland resources. By analysing different phasic and different yearly satellite images, this paper shows that the remote sensing is very effective for monitoring the change of surface water, grazing intensity, and use, desertification and fire in the steppe region.

Go to article

Ecological And Economic Characteristics Of Mountainous Grassland In Subtropical Zone Of South-Western China, S R. Zhou, Y M. Gan, C L. Pu Jul 2025

Ecological And Economic Characteristics Of Mountainous Grassland In Subtropical Zone Of South-Western China, S R. Zhou, Y M. Gan, C L. Pu

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ecological economic characteristics of grassland as optimum utilization of mountainous grasslands in subtropical zone of China is described. This study has been laid out at five sites from different altitudes above sea level for four years. At the same time, some survey of cultivated grassland and others has been carried on in similar places. The valuable materials obtained are shown as: (1) seasonal movement of plant biomass; (2) monthly movement of forage yield & growth-rate; (3) herbage regrowth and (4) soil erosion resistance of grassland and adaptation of herbage for grazing etc. Based on these materials, farmers would decide exactly …

Go to article

Ecology And Productive Potential Of Chusquea Genus (Bambusoideae) In Chilean Southern Humid Ecosystems, V E. Riveros, P Tellez, M Iwamoto Jul 2025

Ecology And Productive Potential Of Chusquea Genus (Bambusoideae) In Chilean Southern Humid Ecosystems, V E. Riveros, P Tellez, M Iwamoto

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In a southern Chilean humid ecosystem, the productive potentiality of Chusquea coleu and Ch. quila was studied for animal utilization. During 2 years was seasonally recorded crude protein, neutro detergent fibre and dry matter in vitro digestibility. Also was analized the production of leaves and sprigs, and culms (utilizable and not by livestock, respectively). It was recorded a remarkable seasonality in dry matter production as well as in quality charateristics in both species. Results let conclude that both species could be an interesting animal feed resource specially in seasons in which the pasture is in a critical stage of growth, …

Go to article

Characteristics Of Structure And Function Of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem And Scientific Management, Zhou Xingmin Jul 2025

Characteristics Of Structure And Function Of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem And Scientific Management, Zhou Xingmin

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This work was carried out at Haibei Research station of Alpine Meadow Ecosystem. The structure of Alpine meadow ecosystem is simple. The net primary productivity above ground is about 1905 kg/ha/year, which is equivalent to 8.5616 x 106 kilocalories/ha/year. Energy distribution of Alpine meadow ecosystem is irrational. The main secondary consumers in Alpine meadow ecosystem are Xinzan sheep and Ochotona curzoniae. The net primary productivity above ground per ha. can feed 2.8 sheep. There are 70.36 Ocbotona curzoniae/ha at Haibei Research station. They are more than a sheep can consume. At the same time, low rate of matter …

Go to article

A Study On Application Of Landsat Imagery To Grassland Resource Surveys, Xia Jing Xin, Chia Shen Siu, Chang Xiao Guo Jul 2025

A Study On Application Of Landsat Imagery To Grassland Resource Surveys, Xia Jing Xin, Chia Shen Siu, Chang Xiao Guo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The emergence of remote sensing has provided an advanced means for surveys and planning of grassland resources. In 1979, China started and since then has developed technical cooperations in agricultural remote sensing with FAO and UNDP respectively. With the cooperation, National Training and Application Center for Agricultural Remote Sensing was established at Beijing Agricultural University. We study on application of remote sensing to grassland resource surveys total area of 50,000 km2. All those indicate that remote sensing provides a mean of grassland surveys to achieve greater, faster, better and more economical results and also bears extensive prospects for use on …

Go to article

The Application Of Remote Sensing Technology To The Resource Investigation Of Inner Mongolia, Chen Kai, Li Bo Jul 2025

The Application Of Remote Sensing Technology To The Resource Investigation Of Inner Mongolia, Chen Kai, Li Bo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

This paper is a comprehensive report and explanation of a large scale research project carried out for the investigation of grassland in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. In the paper, the nature of the grassland resources in Inner Mongolia, the purposes of the research project, the organization of the research forces, the methods applied in the research, the chief results of the project, and the problems to be further solved have all been briefly discussed.

Go to article

An Application Of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis In The Classification Of Grazing Retrogressive Succession Stages Of The Stipa Steppe, Chen Qing Cheng Jul 2025

An Application Of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis In The Classification Of Grazing Retrogressive Succession Stages Of The Stipa Steppe, Chen Qing Cheng

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In this paper, two methods of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis-the A cut-set classification and the Interative Self-organization Data Analysis technique (ISODATA method)-are introduced to the classification of plant communities. The results show that using these methods, one may classify a number of sample quadrats obtained from vegetation mosaic which fails to possess definite lines among communities by means of random sampling rapidly and correctly. Moreover, it seems that the combination of the principal components analysis (PCA) and the ISODATA method in the classification is successful in reducing the subjective influence of the research worker and their results can be compared and …

Go to article

Models For Short Term Prediction Of Grazing Grassland Productivity: Population Model Vs. Ecosystem Model, M Shiyomi, N Koyama, M Tsuiki Jul 2025

Models For Short Term Prediction Of Grazing Grassland Productivity: Population Model Vs. Ecosystem Model, M Shiyomi, N Koyama, M Tsuiki

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Ecosystem models to analyse energy and matter flows in Japanese grazing grassland have been developed during the past 10 years. These models have contributed much to ecosystem studies but they are not suitable, from the farmers' viewpoint, for predicting grassland productivity for two reasons: (1) as they have generally large and complex structures, they do not fit individual farmers' small personal computers; and (2) they contain so many variables that farmers cannot measure precise values of all of them in their fields. In this paper, we propose six small simple population models for describing plant and animal growth which can …

Go to article

Energy Conversion Efficiencies In Grazing Grassland At Different Stocking Rates, S Takahashi, M Shiyomi, T Akiyama, T Okubo Jul 2025

Energy Conversion Efficiencies In Grazing Grassland At Different Stocking Rates, S Takahashi, M Shiyomi, T Akiyama, T Okubo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of stocking rates on the energy conversion efficiency was examined on a grazing pasture over an eight year period from 1974. Annual stocking rates were in the range of 117-523 animal-unit days (AUD)/ha over eight years. Photosynthetically active radiation, net primary production by herbage plants and the amounts consumed by grazing cattle were measured during the plant growing season (from late March to late November). For estimations of stored energy in cattle, ARC feeding standards (1965) using the daily increment for body weight were adopted. Energy conversion efficiencies from solar energy through plants and animals were calculated as …

Go to article

Energy Flow Through Cell Wall And Cellular Contents Of Plants On Grazing Pasture, N Koyama, M Tsuiki, M Shiyomi Jul 2025

Energy Flow Through Cell Wall And Cellular Contents Of Plants On Grazing Pasture, N Koyama, M Tsuiki, M Shiyomi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Energy flow from sun to grazing animals, especially the functions of cellular contents (CC) and cell wall (CW) in this regard, was examined at the Fujinita Experimental Grazing Pasture of the National Grassland Research Institute, Tochigi which is situated at 36 °55'N and 136 °58 E, with a mean annual air-temperature of 12.3 °C and mean annual rainfall 1631 mm. Grazing experiments were conducted under two different nitrogen application regimes in 1983 and 1984. The net primary production was 53 and 33 Mkcal/ha/yr for plot of high (HN) and low (LN) nitrogen applications, respectively. Dry matter of the standing crop …

Go to article

Comparison Of Energy Conversion During Forage Production And Supplemental Investment Efficiencies In Different Livestock Feed Production Systems, T Akiyama, M Shiyomi, S Takahashi Jul 2025

Comparison Of Energy Conversion During Forage Production And Supplemental Investment Efficiencies In Different Livestock Feed Production Systems, T Akiyama, M Shiyomi, S Takahashi

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Solar and supplemental energy dynamics were compared for several years in three different livestock feed production systems including, a) double cropping with barley and corn for whole-crop-silage, b) perennial cutting meadow of orchardgrass for hay-making, and c) grazing by fattening Holsteins with six cool-season grasses. The results obtained are; (1) In the double cropping system, the plot receiving slurry manure (S2) maintained the highest energy yield (3.86xl05MJ, 92,350 Meal of energy for each hectare of land, or 0.94% of overall efficiency as compared to global solar radiation) throughout the 5-year experimental period. (2) From the orchardgrass meadow, 1. 93x105MJ, 46,130 …

Go to article

Interaction Of Component Cultivars In Grass-Alfalfa Mixtures, T Wakimoto, Y Satake, M Tagawa, T Kitamori Jul 2025

Interaction Of Component Cultivars In Grass-Alfalfa Mixtures, T Wakimoto, Y Satake, M Tagawa, T Kitamori

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Red clover and white clover do not produce sufficiently for mixtures for hay or silage in the central district of Hokkaido. Alfalfa, for its part, is not yet widely cultivated in this district despite its superior longevity and higher productivity. The objective of this research is to verify the compatibility of alfalfa cultivars mixed with orchardgrass and timothy to give the grass species suited well to local conditions. Orchardgrass and timothy cultivars were mixed with a red clover cultivar and an alfalfa cultivar in Experiment 1 and with erect, medium and prostrate type alfalfa cultivars in Experiment 2, in one …

Go to article

A Comparison Of The Herbage Yield Of Three White Clovers (Trifolium Repens) Of Differing Leaf Size, M L. Smetham Jul 2025

A Comparison Of The Herbage Yield Of Three White Clovers (Trifolium Repens) Of Differing Leaf Size, M L. Smetham

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A good level of cool season activity is desirable in pasture plants for use in New Zealand. However, while the mechanisms contributing to this have been intensively studied in grasses, this is not so for legumes. An experiment was designed to study the components of vegetative yield contributing to the cool season growth of three white clover ecotypes of differing leaf size. Measurements of growth on a marked stolon showed that during winter, spring and early summer the DM yield ( consisting of leaf growth on a tagged stolon) of the large-leaved ecotype exceeded that of the smaller-leaved white clover …

Go to article

First Prev Next Last