Geology Commons^™

Geometry And Kinematics Of Continental Deformation In Zones Of Collision: Examples From Central Europe And Eastern Mediterranean, Ali Mehmet Celâl Sengör

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Consideration of world-wide epicenter distribution has shown that deformation in continental lithosphere is not narrowly confined to well-defined plate boundaries but is present in wide, diffuse plate boundary zones. Early studies on the seismicity of the peri-Mediterranean area resulted in the division of the lithosphere in that region into a number of small plates, or microplates. Later studies in central Asia, which integrated seismicity with Quaternary geology, indicated, however, that a continuum approach may be more realistic to describe continental tectonics. This study concentrates on geometry and timing of continental deformation that resulted from continental collision in Central Europe and …

Petrology And Mineral Chemistry Of Some Jan Mayen Volcanics, Carla A. White

Geology Theses and Dissertations

The island of Jan Mayen is the northernmost active volcano on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The rocks of Jan Mayen belong to the potassic series of the alkaline rocks and appear to belong to the straddle type association. The ankaramites and alkali olivine basalts are characterized by the presence of large xenocrysts of rimmed chromium diopside, titaniferous salite, olivine (Fo83 to Fo88), magnetite and sometimes plagioclase (bytownite rimmed by labradorite). Phenocrysts of olivine (Fo74) and plagioclase (andesine) are present in several rocks. These and phenocrysts lie in a matrix composed of` titaniferous salite, olivine (Fo58), plagioclase (andesine), magnetite, biotite and sometimes …

Paleoclimatic Implications Of Oxygen Isotope And Sedimentological Study Of Late Miocene And Early Pliocene Sediments From The South Atlantic, Western Indian Ocean, And The Gulf Of Aden, Kathryn M. Scanlon

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Previous work by many authors has implied that the Antarctic ice sheet underwent a major expansion in the latest Miocene. It was intended in the present study to use the oxygen isotope event, which could be expected to accompany this glacial expansion, as a stratigraphic marker to aid in the correlation of several DSDP Sites. Samples were taken at approximately 100,000 year intervals throughout the latest Miocene and early Pliocene sections at Sites 237 and 249 in the western Indian Ocean, Site 360 in the South Atlantic and Site 231 in the Gulf of Aden. Oxygen isotope analyses were done …

Geology Of The Badger Bay-Seal Bay Area, North-Central Newfoundland, K. Douglas Nelson

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Coastline in the Badger Bay-Seal Bay area of north-central Newfoundland exposes the thickest and least disrupted section of Ordovician rocks in Newfoundland's Central Volcanic Belt. The following conformable stratigraphic sequence is observed: 1) >5 km. of variegated mafic and silicic submarine volcanics and volcaniclastics of lower Ordovician age; 2) a thin (<.5 km.) sequence consisting of thin bedded red and green argillites, manganiferous cherts, bioturbated cherts and black sulferous graptolite-bearing argillites of Caradocian age; 3) >1.2 km. of quartz-rich sandstones of upper Ordovician age. Correlative sequences occur to the east in the Fortune Harbour Peninsula area and on New World Island. Together they record Early Ordovician island arc volcanism, Medial Ordovician cessation of volcanism and subsidence, and Medial through Late Ordovician uplift and …

The Development Of Foliations In Low, Medium And High Grade Metamorphic Tectonites, William J. Gregg

Geology Theses and Dissertations

Studies of foliation and associated microstructures are presented from a variety of rock types and localities in the metamorphic terrains of the northeastern United States.
At Islesboro, Maine cleavage is well developed in lower greenschist grade siltstones and interbedded pelites of lower Paleozoic age. Cleavage in the siltstone units consists of two types of discrete mica films: short film segments and lengthened mica film. Thick secondary mica-rich layers are also exhibited in some siltstones. The short film segments appear to be basic elements through which cleavage development progresses by a linkage process that is poorly understood. The linkage of these …

Petrography, Mineral Chemistry And Microstructures Of Gabbros From The Mid-Cayman Rise Spreading Center, Frieda L. Malcolm

Geology Theses and Dissertations

The suite of gabbroic rocks collected by the DSRV ALVIN in 1976 and 1977 from the walls of the Mid-Cayman Rise spreading center were studied in detail to provide the best available data on plutonic rocks sampled directly from the ocean floor. The rock types studied include variably deformed and altered gabbros, orthopyroxene gabbros, olivine gabbros and troctolites, and a few amphibolites. Mineral chemical analyses suggest that the various rock types are representative of a fractionation trend from magnesian troctolites through olivine and clinopyroxene gabbros to iron-enriched orthopyroxene gabbros. Within many individual samples, the primary mineral phases are apparently chemically …

Geology And Mineralization, Ohio And Mt. Baldy Districts, Marysvale, Piute County, Utah, Laurence M. Nuelle

Masters Theses

"The Ohio and Mt. Baldy Mining Districts near Marysvale, Utah occupy a cauldron complex in the Bullion Canyon Volcanics. This complex contains three rock groups of three volcanic episodes. The oldest is a volcanic cone framework series of lahars. The middle group is represented by lava flows, ash flows, and breccias which represent intra-caldera fill. The upper group consists of a local vent complex and the Delano Peak Tuff Member both of which may be related to ring fracture activity.

The stages of veining in the area include in order of gradational deposition: (1) early quartz veins, (2) pre-productive main …

Availability And Use Of Water In Nebraska, 1975, R. Bentall, F. B. Shaffer

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Depositional Environments And Diagenesis Of The Mississippian Bottineau Interval (Lodgepole) In North Dakota, Thomas J. Heck

Theses and Dissertations

Bottineau interval rocks from the North Dakota part of the Williston Basin comprise a single marine transgression/regression cycle, Early Mississippian (lower Scallion subinterval) marine transgression from the restricted depositional environment of the Bakken Formation resulted in normal marine circulation, Six major facies were developed: (1) the central basin, (2) basin flank, (3) open shelf, (4) crinoidal mudstone, (5) gray shale, and (6) restricted shelf. Marine transgression continued until upper Scallion subinter val time, by which time the open shelf facies had already prograded over the gray shale and crinoidal mudstone facies.

Marine regression had begun by middle Bottineau interval (Virden …

Paleoecology Of Late Quaternary Molluscan-Ostracod Assemblages From The Norwood Site, Southeastern Minnesota, Kevin L. Malmquist

Theses and Dissertations

Well-preserved fossils, including mollusks, ostracods, beetles and plant remains were extracted from sediments at the Norwood Site in southeastern Minnesota during July, 1977. Stratigraphic units, in ascending order, were: (1) sandy claystone, (2) clayey siltstone, (3) sandy siltstone, and (4) laminated peat. Unit 1 was interpreted to be till or sediment that slumped or flowed into the lake. Unit 2 and the lower part of unit 3 were interpreted to be lacustrine sediments. The upper part of unit 3 was interpreted to be a shoreline deposit. Unit 4 was interpreted to be a terrestrial or marginal lacustrine deposit. Total thickness …

Two Upper Cretaceous Flysch Sequences In The Caribbean Mountains Of Venezuela And Their Relationship To Caribbean Tectonics, Stephen A. Meyer

Honors Papers

The Caribbean Mountains of Venezuela reach from the Venezuelan Andes to the Northern Ranges of Trinidad. Upper Cretaceous and Paleocene flysch units deposited in a marine euxinic basin are crucial in unraveling the evolution of the mountains. Two formations in the Acarigua region (near the termination in the Venezuelan Andes), the Rio Guache and Nuezalito formations, are the most complete sections of these flysch sequences. A sedimentary petrologic study was undertaken to determine the source areas for these formations, to put age brackets on the timing of uplift and rotation of portions of the Caribbean Mountains.

The mountains are divided …

Lithostratigraphy Of The Cane Hill Member Of The Hale Formation (Type Morrowan), Northwest Arkansas, Robert T. Liner

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

The Hale Formation (lower Morrowan Series) is a sequence of sandstones and shales divided into the Cane Hill(lower) and Prairie Grove Members. In Washington County, Arkansas, the type Cane Hill consists predominantly of interbedded fine-grained, noncalcareous sandstones and silty shales often with a pebble conglomerate at its base. The member rests unconformably on Chesterian Strata of either the Pitkin Formation or underlying Fayetteville Formation, and it is unconformably overlain by the Prairie Grove Member. In Washington County, the Cane Hill exhibits a slight thickening trend to the south and east. Interpretation of sedimentary structures indicates that the Cane Hill was …

Hydrogeologic Investigation Of A Landfill Site In Washington County, Arkansas, Albert E. Ogden, Carlos J. Quintana

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

A proposed landfill site near Wheeler, Washington Co., Arkansas, was investigated for its hydrogeologic suitability. The site is located on the highly fractured, cavernous, and cherty Boone Ls. The site is a small upland valley 4500 ft. north of Clear Creek. The valley containing the proposed site is a karst dry valley in which precipitation rapidly infiltrates, recharging the water table and local springs. The water table around the site was mapped to determine the hydraulic gradient and direction of ground-water movement. The water table slopes in a SE direction from the landfill towards Clear Creek with a steep hydraulic …

Heavy Metal Patterns In Big And Aux Vases River Drainage Rolla 1⁰ X 2⁰ Quadrangle, Missouri, Behzad Afzali

Masters Theses

"Some 71 active stream sediment, bank sediment, biota, and stream water samples were collected at selected sites along the Big River and Aux Vases rivers and tributaries. The pH, alkalinity, specific conductance, temperature were determined and samples analyzed for Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni, and Cd content.

Stream waters carry heavy metals in low parts per billion. Greatest heavy metal content is in the stream waters of Flat River and lower Big River.

Acid leachable heavy metal content of -80 mesh fractions of stream sediments for Cu, Pb, Zn, Co, Ni, and Cd are orders of magnitude greater than that …

Glacial Deposits, Vol. 7, 1978-1979, Department Of Geography-Geology

Glacial Deposits

Newsletter of the Department of Geography-Geology

Pre-Tertiary Subcrop Rocks In The Nebraska Panhandle, Conservation And Survey Division, University Of Nebraska-Lincoln

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

Pre-Tertiary Subcrop Rocks in the Nebraska Panhandle. Map. No Scale. Nebraska High Plains-Ogallala Aquifer Study Area series. Lincoln: University of Nebraska. Print. (date unknown, 1979?)

The Mississippian And Pennsylvanian (Carboniferous) Systems In The United States-Nebraska, R. R. Burchett

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

Nebraska is underlain by rocks of Mississippian and (or) Pennsylvanian age in all but the extreme northeastern part of the State. Only some of the Upper Pennsylvanian strata are exposed; outcrops of these rocks are limited to southeaster Nebraska. This work is published as Conservation and Survey Division GSI-5 and as U.S. Geological Survey PP-1110-P.

Nebraska Mineral Operations Review, 1978, Raymond R. Burchett, Duane A. Eversoll

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

During 1978, there were active in Nebraska 33 limestone quarries; 593 sand, gravel and silt or siltstone pits; 7 clay or shale pits; 21 sandstone pits; and 1 peat pit. These 655 mining operations disturbed 892 acres and restored 363 acres during the year. Available as PDF.

Nebraska Groundwater Level (Decline & Rise) And Location Of Registered Wells, 1979

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Groundwater Levels In Nebraska, 1978, Darryll T. Pederson, Martin S. Johnson

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Lexicon Of Bedrock Stratigraphic Names Of North Dakota, Joanne Van Ornum Groenewold

Theses and Dissertations

This lexicon of bedrock stratigraphic names of North Dakota consists of a general definition of each unit as well as the history of stratigraphic nomenclature, An attempt was made to include all units for North Dakota whether formally or informally named, or cur rently being used in the state. The general definition includes name(s) of the unit, age, area of extent, lithology, relationships to other units, characteristic fossils, economic significance, depo sitional environment, type section (1£ one has been proposed), and other remarks that might be significant. The history of strati graphic nomenclature includes a chronological listing of the first …

Mineralogy And Chemistry Of Clay-Rich Sediments In The Contact Zone Of The Bullion Creek And Sentinel Butte Formations (Paleocene), Billings County, North Dakota, David W. Brekke

Theses and Dissertations

The Bullion Creek and Sentinel Butte Formations (Paleocene) form over 50 percent of the surface and near surface sediments in the North Dakota part of the Williston Basin. These rocks are composed of sandstones, siltstones, claystones, and numerous lignite beds. A distinct surface color change from light colors in the Bullion Creek Formation to dark colors in the Sentinel Butte Formation serves as a boundary marker and is widely exposed in the Little Missouri River badlands. The color boundary is a product of weathering and is not readily apparent in the subsurface. The use of clay mineralogy was investigated as …

Magnetic Anomalies Over A Portion Of The Granite Mountains, Central Wyoming, Larry F. Smyers

Theses and Dissertations

Precambrian rocks exposed in the northern Pathfinder Reservoir area, Natrona County, Wyoming, are partially exhumed crystalline rocks of the northwestern portion of the Granite Mountains. These rocks comprise three major types: (1) the oldest metamorphic rocks, which may represent a metamorphosed sedimentary-volcanic terrane, exposed on Black Rock Mountain and in other small areas south and west of Black Rock Mountain; (2) granites, which intrude the metamorphic sequence, and are exposed on the Sweetwater Rocks and areas marginal to Pathfinder Reservoir; and (3) diabase dikes with northeastern trends that intrude both the metamorphic rocks and granites. Exposures of the Precambrian rocks …

The Geohydrology And Hydrogeochemistry Of The Proposed Garrison Lignite Mine, Kevin Morin

Theses and Dissertations

A local groundwater study is a necessity before the opening of any lignite mine in North Dakota. The study becomes an important reference for the environmental impact during mining and after reclamation.

This report is a groundwater study of the Proposed Garrison Lignite Mine, McLean County, North Dakota. The mineable lignite is in the lower Sentinel Butte Formation (Paleocene). The remainder of the Paleocene material at the proposed mine site is mostly fluvial silty clay deposits with some sand beds. Pleistocene deposits, mostly pebble loam (till), cover the Sentinel Butte at the mine site.

Ninety piezometers in twenty-eight nests were …

Petrology Of Metadiabase Intrusions In The White Rock Quadrangle, Western North Carolina, Dale M. Burton

Online Theses and Dissertations

The White Rock quadrangle is located in extreme west­ central North Carolina, at the northwest edge of the Blue Ridge thrust sheet. The geology of the north-central ninth of the quadrangle was mapped during this study. This map area primarily consists of Precambrian granitic gneisses of the Blue Ridge thrust sheet that are separated from metasedimentary rocks of the Wilhite Formation of the Ocoee Series by the Devils Fork fault.

Of the six metadiabase bodies mapped by Keith (1904) in the White Rock quadrangle, only three definitely contain outcrops of metadiabase. These bodies were metamorphosed to the chlorite and biotite …

Bulk Composition, Mineralogy, And Petrology Of Chondrules In Type H3 To H6 Chondrites, Gayle Elizabeth Lux

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

Chondrules in thin' sections of 18 different H3 to H6 group chondrites were analyzed by 100 µm broad beam electron probe techniques. Chondrule textures, crystal, and chondrule sizes were determined microscopically. Results indicate a decrease in variance or standard deviation from chondrules of petrologic types 3 to 6 of FeO, MgO, TiO₂, MnO, K₂O, and P₂0₅ content. Mean TiO₂ and Cr₂O₃ content decrease from petrologic types 3 to 6 and mean FeO, Al₂O₃, CaO, and Na₂O increase slightly from lower to higher petrologic …

Geology And Mineralogy Of Cave Nitrates, Carol A. Hill

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

ABSTRACT

Southeastern saltpeter caves have temperatures between 10-15° C and humidities between 90-99%. Saltpeter sediments are alkaline (pH= 6-9), dry and porous (moisture = 5-10 wt. %) and non-organic (low levels of compost, guano and animal remains); sediments have nitrate concentrations ranging between 0.01-4.0 wt. %, low total nitrogen (0.08-0.13 wt. %) and relatively low phosphorous (0.1-1.4 wt. %). Lixiviated cave sediments regenerate in nitrate in several years. Areal extent of cave nitrate is uniform; vertical concentration is in the top few meters of sediment. Nitrate is a minor constituent in sulfate speleothems (up to 1 wt. %). Surface and …

Groundwater Levels In Nebraska, 1977, Michael J. Ellis, Darryll T. Pederson

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Petrology And Structure Of Precambrian Rocks In The Bosque Peak Quadrangle, North Manzano Mountains, Central New Mexico, Duncan L. Edwards

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

Precambrian metamorphic rocks in a part of the North Manzano Mountains, New Mexico, underwent regional synkinematic greenschist facies metamorphism. Abundant green hornblende in greenstones and muscovite, chlorite, and biotite in metapelites tentatively suggest p4 kb and TC during metamorphism. The greenstones were probably derived from basic volcanic rocks; the metapelites were probably derived from shales, siltstones, clay-rich sandstones, cherts (7), and mature quartz sandstones.

The oldest exposed rocks are the Moyos metasediments, a sequence of phyllites and schistose grits that is lithologically transitional to a younger greenstone complex of mostly aphanitic greenstone with intercalated phyllites and metasiltstones and intrusive metadiorite. …

Glinn Ranch Quadrangle, Keith County, Nebraska, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.

Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications

7.5' topgraphic quadrangle showing exposures of bedrock formations and other geologic information.

41° 15' — 41° 22'30"

101° 30' — 101° 37'30"

Scale 1:24,000

Completed September 20, 1978

High resolution .tif file attached below as supplemental file