Geology Commons^™

Sulfur Dioxide And Particles In Quiescent Volcanic Plumes From Poás, Arenal, And Colima Volcanos, Costa Rica And Mexico, T. Casadevall, William I. Rose, William H. Fuller, William H. Hunt, Mark A. Hart, Jarvis L. Moyers, David C. Woods, Raymond L. Chuan, James P. Friend

Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences Publications

Measurements of SO₂ emission rates and concentrations and of particle distribution, size, shape, and composition were made in quiescent volcanic plumes emitted into the troposphere from Poás and Arenal volcanos, Costa Rica, and Colima volcano, Mexico. SO₂ emission rates were 700±180 metric tons per day (t/d) for Poás, 210±30 t/d for Arenal, and 320±50 t/d for Colima. The concentrations of SO₂ calculated from the COSPEC/lidar data were 5–380 ppb. Concentrations of SO₂measured directly by flame photometry were 10–250 ppb. Particles collected in the plumes with a quartz crystal microbalance impactor were mostly less than 3 …

Tectonic Implications Of Late Tertiary Strata Exposed Along The Piankatank River, Eastern Virginia, Daniel Stephen Lane

OES Theses and Dissertations

Biostratigraphic analysis of Late Miocene and Pliocene strata along the Piankatank River in eastern Virginia exposes a juxtaposition of the Eastover and Yorktown Formations. This structure is situated on a NE trending alignment of geological, geomorphic, and geophysical features which run from southern Virginia to northern Delaware. Tectonic jointing in isolated sandstone bodies and fracture controlled drainage patterns provide further evidence of post-middle Pliocene tectonism in the region. The lateral spacing of this structure from the Stafford and Brandywine fault zones and other linear features on the Coastal Plain strongly implies that a structural similarity exists between the Piankatank structure …

Stratigraphy And Textural Analyses Of A Beach Ridge Complex, Cape Henry, Virginia, Daniel Leland Oyler

OES Theses and Dissertations

Eight lithological units, documented from the analyses of 26 boreholes, comprise five laterally extensive horizons in the subsurface of Cape Henry, Virginia. Interpretations of the environments of deposition for those units are based upon textural and compositional features, fossils, thickness and distribution of strata, and previous reports about late Tertiary and Quaternary deposits in nearby areas. The incised, Pliocene Chowan River Formation (Unit H) underlies Pleistocene Units F and G which are concentrated in a buried river valley beneath Cape Henry. Estuarine Units D and E resulted from a marine transgression of the study area during the early Holocene. The …

Amatitlan, An Actively Resurging Cauldron 10 Km South Of Guatemala City, Richard L. Wunderman, William I. Rose

Department of Geological and Mining Engineering and Sciences Publications

A 14×16 km diameter collapse caldera has been recognized 10 km south of Guatemala City, Guatemala. The caldera is north of the presently active volcano Pacaya and west of Agua, a large stratovolcano. The caldera was not previously recognized because its eastern and western margins coincide with faults that outline the Guatemala City graben and because the northern margin of the caldera is buried by pyroclastic rocks. The existence of the northern caldera margin is now established by gravity data and a variety of geological observations including circumferential faults, hot springs, well-log data, and lithological changes in sedimentary rocks. A …

Inventory Of Irrigation Water Use Box Butte County, Nebraska 1981, Dennis R. Lawton, Larry L. Teahon

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Groundwater Levels In Nebraska, 1983, Martin S. Johnson, Darryll T. Pederson

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Barbados Ridge; Inner Trench Slope Sedimentation, William J. Cleary, H. Allen Curran, Paul A. Thayer

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

Quaternary sediments of this inner trench slope are chiefly foraminiferal-pteropod-nanno oozes that have been reworked and/or emplaced by gravity currents. These oozes are mixed with volcanogenic sediments and minor amounts of material derived from the insular shelf. Reworking occurs on topographic highs where fines are winnowed out and mass wasting and gravity currents are initiated; these processes ultimately result in the leveling of irregular floors of deeper, intervening slope basins. Petrographic analyses of graded intervals from the basin floors and slopes reveal the sands to be mixtures of planktic foraminifers (35%), pteropods (10%), and fresh, angular volcanic detritus (10-90%). On …

Palynology And Age Of The Alvord Creek Formation, Steens Mountain, Southeastern Oregon, Stephen F. Barnett

Loma Linda University Electronic Theses, Dissertations & Projects

The age of the Alvord Creek Formation of Steens Formation, southeastern Oregon, has been a center of controversy since Axelrod's 1944 paleobotanical assignment of a Lower Pliocene age to the tuffaceous leaf-bearing shales. This date varies from earlier determinations by Chaney and MacGinitie that the flora was Mascall (Upper Miocene) equivalent. However, it is more sharply contradicted by the report of a Middle Miocene (Barstovian) fauna in the apparently overlying Steens Basalt and by a 21.3 m.y. radiometric date obtained on a basalt flow 61 meters above the leaf-bearing beds.

Palynomorphs recovered from three exposures of the leaf-bearing beds show …

Geology, Alteration And Mineralization Of A Silicic Volcanic Center, Glass Buttes, Oregon, Michael James Johnson

Dissertations and Theses

Glass Buttes, a Pliocene silicic volcanic complex within the High Lava Plains province of Oregon, was erupted approximately 5.0 to 5.8 million years ago. Geologic mapping revealed that the eastern portion of the complex is underlain by rhyolitic glass domes, flows and rare pyroclastic flows. Basalt flows are interlayered with and onlap the silicic glass. Younger basalt flows, erupted from local vents, overlie silicic glass and onlapping basalts.

The eastern end of Glass Buttes is hydrothermally altered at the surface; a weak geothermal anomaly coincides with the altered areas. Alteration, localized by northwest trending normal faults, occurs primarily as opalite …

Enteric Contamination Of An Urban Karstified Carbonate Aquifer: The Double Springs Drainage Basin, Bowling Green, Kentucky, Geary Schindel

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Biological and chemical analysis of water samples, collected from surface and subsurface streams was preformed to determine the quantity and biologic sources of enteric contamination in the Double Springs Groundwater Basin, an urban karstified carbonate aquifer under Bowling Green, Kentucky. Major flow paths, drainage basin boundaries and geologic/hydrologic relationships were identified for the basin. Analysis of biologic contaminates using fecal coliform /fecal streptococcus counts and ratios were conducted for baseflow and storm events and related to the Double Springs hydrographs. Analysis was also conducted to determine the source of sulfides responsible for the growth of sulfur fixing bacteria in the …

A Bacteriological And Chemical Analysis Of Nonpoint Source Pollution In A Karst Aquifer Bowling Green, Kentucky, Wayne Green

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Monthly water samples collected from four sites in the Lost River Groundwater Basin, a shallow karst aquifer in the Bowling Green-Warren County area of Kentucky, represented samples from sites receiving conduit and diffuse flow. All sites were severely contaminated with bacteria, and on some occasions the surface water criteria for some heavy metals were exceeded.

Of the total 334 bacterial colonies identified 92.1% were verified as Escherichia coli by the API20E system. Acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. anitratum accounted for 2.10% of colonies; Citrobacter freundii for 0.30% Klebsiella pneumoniae for 0.90%; Klebsiella oxytoca, 0.90%; Citrobacter amalonaticus 0.30%; Enterobacter cloacae, 1.20%; …

Impacts Of Abandoned Surface Coal-Mined Lands On The Local Population In Southwestern Indiana, Fenner O. Omolo

All-Inclusive List of Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study was involved with direct impact of abandoned surface coal-mined lands on the local population in southwestern Indiana. Five problem areas studied have a total of 237 acres of gob, 71 acres of slurry, 22 acres of spoil areas, 10 dangerous high walls, 13 acres of haul road, and 4 acres of tipple. Only three problem areas have postreclamation plans, while the rest do not. Pollution of lake #29 in Green Sullivan LK #29 problem area in Sullivan County and the lake west of Centenary in Electric Shovel problem area in Vermillion County has been caused by sediment and …

Evaluation Of Low-Temperature Geothermal Potential In North-Central Box Elder County, Utah, Matthew C. Davis

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The purpose of this study was to continue the assessment of low-temperature geothermal resources in Utah started by the Utah Geological and Mineral Survey. The area of interest with in this report is north-central Box Elder County, Utah. Exploration techniques used included chemical analyses of water from wells and springs, temperature surveys, and temperature-depth measurements in unused wells within the study area. The highest water temperatures (31, 30, and 29°C) recorded in this research were located in three separate geographic regions, suggesting that no single warm water occurrence dominates the study area.

Total dissolved solid (TDS) concentrations ranged from 294 …

Structure And Petrology Of Tertiary Volcanic Rocks In Parts Of Toms Cabin Spring And Lucin Nw Quadrangles (Box Elder Co.), Utah, Bruce Edward Scarbrough

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

A series of late Tertiary rhyolitic and dacitic flows, domes, and minor pyroclastic rocks form an elongate volanic mass along the northwestern Utah-northeastern Nevada border. The structure of the flow banding and the linear arrangement of vents indicate that the mass represents a multi-sourced extrusive complex which erupted through many fissure-type conduits. A 39 km² area at the southern end of the mass was studied in detail in order to gain a better understanding of the eruptive nature and history of these Tertiary volcanic rocks. Age dating reveals that volcanism in the study area was episodic, and covered a …

Petrology Of The Middle Jurassic Twin Creek Limestone, Lincoln And Sublette Counties, Southwestern Wyoming, David R. Raubvogel

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Twin Creek Limestone of Middle Jurassic age was studied in the Tunp, Salt River, and Wyoming Ranges in southwestern Wyoming. Modern carbonate environments and their ancient analogs were compared with information obtained from field study and petrographic analysis of samples of the Twin Creek Limestone in order to delineate environments of deposition, paleogeography, and diagenetic history.

Six major lithofacies were recognized: (1) carbonate mudstone; (2) carbonate mudstone breccia; (3) fossiliferous wackestone; (4) packstone-grainstone; (5) terrigenous mudstone; and (6) sandstone. These lithofacies were deposited in a variety of environments, including outer shelf platforms (carbonate mudstone and fossiliferous wackestone), oolitic sand …

Petrology Of The Middle Cambrian Ute Formation, North-Central Utah And Southeastern Idaho, Edward James Deputy

All Graduate Theses and Dissertations, Spring 1920 to Summer 2023

The Middle Cambrian Ute Formation was studied in the Bear River Range and the Wellsville Mountains of north-central Utah and southeastern Idaho. The depositional textures and sedimentary structures found within the rocks were compared with similar modern sediments and ancient rocks to determine depositional environments, paleogeography, and diagenetic alterations.

The rocks of the Ute Formation were divided into five basic types. These five rock types were formed within four identifiable lithofacies: 1) elastic marine shelf; 2) carbonate marine shelf; 3) agitated shoal; and 4) quiet-water shoal.

The sequence of elastic and carbonate sediments is believed to have been deposited in …

Structural Geology Of The Northern Snowcrest Range, Beaverhead And Madison Counties, Montana, Mark Kenneth Sheedlo

Masters Theses

The Snowcrest Range was uplifted in Late Cretaceous and Early Tertiary time as a consequence of thrusting in Precambrian basement and Phanerozoic cover rocks.

The Snowcrest-Greenhorn thrust system is associated with largescale overturned, eastward verging folds. Mean orientation of the thrust system is N.40°E., 35°N.W.. The trend of the thrust system and associated transverse faults appear to be controlled by earlier structures. Mesoscopic and microscopic analyses indicate that metamorphic basement rocks accommodated congressional strain largely by brittle faulting and cataclastic shearing. Kinematic indicators suggest that local stresses were directed east-southeastward.

Northeast-trending Neogene faults along the western flank of the range …

Tracemaking Activities Of Crabs And Their Environmental Significance: The Ichnogenus Psilonichnus, Robert W. Frey, H. Allen Curran, S. George Pemberton

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

Modem crabs are common inhabitants of shallow subtidal, intertidal, and supratidal environments, and many crabs are capable of producing traces that can be preserved in the rock record. The first crabs, Early Jurassic in age, probably were not fossorial. By Cretaceous time, however, diverse endobenthic lineages were established. Many representatives of these lineages undoubtedly produced domiciles that are preserved in shallow marine to quasimarine sediments and that should be useful in characterizing the depositional environment of the sediments. Nonetheless, most such dwelling structures have been studied little and remain essentially unnamed.

The ichnogenus Psilonichnus Fiirsich is amenable to the taxonomic …

Ichnology Of Pleistocene Carbonates On San Salvador, Bahamas, H. Allen Curran

Geosciences: Faculty Publications

ABSTRACT-Trace fossils, well preserved and in full relief, are present in Pleistocene calcarenites of subtidal, beach, and dune facies on San Salvador, Bahamas. Most prominent are irregular boxworks of Ophiomorpha sp. that occur in current-bedded, medium to coarse skeletal calcarenites in association with fossil coral reefs in the subtidal facies. Ophiomorpha sp. also occurs in beds deposited in a tidal delta environment. Found with Ophiomorpha sp., often in abundance, are vertical burrow tubes assigned to Skolithos linearis. Trace fossils are absent from beds of the lower beach facies, but upper beach facies beds (backshore zone) contain distinctive Y-shaped crab …

A Resource Survey Of The Coastal Lands From Vlaming Head To Tantabiddi Well, West Cape Range Region, P A. Hesp, J G. Morrissey

Resource management technical reports

The report comprise four parts; a brief review of the area's climate, discussion of the geomorphology of the major landform units, an assessment of the potential erosion hazards of the surveyed landforms, and recommendations for development.

The Effect Of Viscosity On Impact Cratering And Possible Application To The Icy Satellites Of Saturn And Jupiter, Jonathan H. Fink, Donald Gault, Ronald Greeley

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Impact experiments in Newtonian fluids with a range of viscosities of 10^-3 to 60 Pa s demonstrate that transient prater volume and shape (depth-to-diameter: ratio) depend on target viscosity as well as on gravity. Volume is reduced, and depth-to-diameter ratio is increased for cratering events in which viscosity plays a dominant role. In addition to being affected by target kinematic viscosity, viscous scaling is most strongly influenced by projectile diameter, less strongly by projectile velocity, and least strongly by gravity. In a Planetary context, viscols effects can occur for craters formed by small or slow moving impacting bodies, low …

Armored Mud Balls And Friable Sand Megaclasts From A Complex Early Pleistoceme Alluvial Fill, Southwestern Morrill County, Nebraska, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.

Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications

Armored mud balls and friable sand megaclasts occur in exposures of a complex Early Pleistocene sand and gravel alluvial fill which caps a strath terrace in southwestern Morrill County, Nebraska. The mudballs are limited to a tributary arroyo. The sand megaclasts occur in sediments deposited along a trunk stream. It is possible that the sand megaclasts were transported to the site in a frozen condition.

Cenozoic Geology Of The Southern Nebraska Panhandle: Old Valleys, Volcaniclastics, And Vertebrates: 1984 Fall Field Trip, Nebraska Geological Society, James B. Swinehart, Robert F. Diffendal Jr., Mary Rebone, Robert Hunt

Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications

Two-day field trip:

Duer Ranch Locality, Morrill County, Nebraska

The Duer Ranch locality contains some of the finest and most easily accessible examples of different styles of alluvial cuts and fills in the Cenozoic of Nebraska. It offers a unique area in which to examine the geometries and alluvial fills of several Miocene and Pliocene age paleovalleys and paleogullies. Good exposures of eolian volcaniclastic siltstones and a regionally important volcanic ash of the Oligocene age Brule Formation are also present at the Duer Ranch locality.

Early Miocene Mammals and Lithostratigraphy of the Indian Creek Drainage, Near Bridgeport, Morrill County, Western …

Peat Resources Of Maine - Volume 4: Southern And Western Maine, Cornelia C. Cameron, Michael K. Mullen, Carolyn A. Lepage

Maine Collection

Peat Resources of Maine - Volume 4: Southern and Western Maine

by Cornelia C. Cameron, Michael K. Mullen, Carolyn A. Lepage & Walter A. Anderson

Bulletin 31 - Maine Geological Survey, Department of Conservation, Augusta, Maine (1984).

Preparation of this report was supported by funds furnished by the U.S. Department of Energy, Grant No. DE-FG18-79ET14690, the Maine Office of Energy Resources, the Maine Geological Survey, and the U.S. Geological Survey.

Contents: Introduction / The Maine Peat Resource Evaluation Program / Geologic Setting of Maine Peat Deposits / Formation of Peat Deposits in Maine / Methods of Investigation / Identification of …

Tiltmeter Analysis Of Mount St. Helens, Skamania County, Washington, Edward Charles Brown

Dissertations and Theses

Mount St. Helens returned to an active eruptive state March 20, 1980. Since then explosive and dome building eruptions have caused major topographic changes to the mountain and surrounding drainages. Monitoring of the southern side of the mountain by six tiltmeters at distances between 6 km and 12 km was conducted during the period of July 1, 1980 to December 31, 1980. Records obtained from the tiltmeters were analyzed and compared to data from precision geodetic surveys.

Prehistory Of Long Valley, Idaho, United States Department Of Agriculture, Forest Service

Archaeology/Anthropology

This thesis deals with a group of artifact collections gathered by local amateurs from a series of sites along the western shoreline of Cascade Reservoir. This study uses these artifacts as a basis to put together a preliminary view of Long Valley prehistory. Outlines of the basic artifact types are formulated and placed into a chronology based upon typological comparisons and obsidian hydration. Previous archaeological work, the ethnohistory, and local geology of the valley are discussed and related ot the sites, used in this study, in order to determine their patterns and characteristics. From these efforts directions for further research …

Ua66/8/3 Annual Report, Wku Geography & Geology

WKU Administration Documents

Annual report of activities of the WKU department of Geography & Geology.

Geohydrology Of The High Plains Aquifer In Parts Of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, And Wyoming, Edwin D. Gutentag, Frederick J. Heimes, United States Geological Survey, Richard R. Luckey, John B. Weeks

United States Geological Survey: Staff Publications

The High Plains aquifer, which underlies about 174,000 square miles in parts of eight states, is the principal source of water in one of the Nation's major agricultural areas. About 170,000 wells pump water from the aquifer to irrigate about 13 million acres in the High Plains. In 1978, the United States Geological Survey began a regional study of the High Plains aquifer to provide geohydrologic data and computer models of the aquifer needed to evaluate the effects of ground-water development. This report describes the geohydrology of the High Plains aquifer. The High Plains aquifer consists mainly of hydraulically connected …

Annual Outflow Of Water From Nebraska, 1950-1983, Conservation Survey Division

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Soil Improvement With Bauxite Residues, W H. Tacey, S. C. Ward, K. J. Summers, N. J. Barrow

Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Western Australia, Series 4

The sandy soils of the Peel-Harvey catchment hold water and nutrients very poorly. The Gavin ridges dry out quickly during rainless periods and this severely limits pasture growth. These ridges and the lower lying Joel and Coolup sands also lose a large proportion of the phosphorus, sulfer and potash fertilisers applied to them. Normally the sands lack clay materials to bind and hold the nutrients so rainfall leaches them out.

The Peel-Harvey Study Group, CSIRO, Alcoa and Murdock University have studied the use of a residue from bauxite mining to help overcome these problems. The treated residue has a texture …