Geology Commons^™

The Terraces Of Cochiti Canyon: Soil Development And Relation To Tectonism In The Pajarito Fault Zone, Scott Benjamin Aby

Earth and Planetary Sciences ETDs

The history of motion on splays of the Pajarito Fault Zone in the area of Cochiti Canyon in the Jemez Mountains is examined using morphometric techniques and investigations of river terrace soils and deformation. Hypsometry, sinuosity and long-profile analysis all suggest that the main splay of the Pajarito Fault has been active in the late Pleistocene and possibly Holocene, but no calibration is available that numerically constrains this activity. Terraces were mapped and correlated based on soil development and landscape position, Correlation revealed the presence of three strath terraces between 87 and 18 .5 meters above present grade and one …

Potential Underground Gas Storage Reservoirs In Latvia, Santis Limezs

Masters Theses

The Baltic state of Latvia, produces no natural gas; all natural gas consumed is imported. In order to address future gas needs in Latvia, this study was undertaken to provide geological background and select sites with the best gas storage potential and reduce costs of more detailed field analyses in the next phase of gas storage development. Russia is the sole natural gas supplier and delivers the gas to Latvia via transmission pipelines. The Inchukalns underground gas storage field is the only underground gas storage field in the Baltic states. Although this structure accommodates current needs, projections show additional storage …

Well Screen Characteristics Which Constrain Hydraulic Conductivity Calculated From Slug Tests, Christopher G. Amore

Masters Theses

With the growing concern over ground water protection and waste water management, interest in the use of slug tests to characterize hydraulic properties of aquifers has increased. While slug tests offer an inexpensive alternative to pump tests, problems arise with collection of the tests and the interpretation of the results. Field tests and mathematical studies show that both positive and negative biases of formation properties have been obtained. The resulting errors can be traced to improper analytical techniques, incorrect assumptions of well configuration and aquifer properties, poor well installation and data gathering. Most of these problems can be corrected by …

Thermal Characterization Of Ground And Surface Waters At The Upjohn Company's Portage Road Manufacturing Facility, William K. Hunsberger

Masters Theses

This study focused on thermal characteristics of the ground water and recharged surface water at The Upjohn Company's (now Pharmacia and Upjohn) Portage Road manufacturing facility. Major objectives were: (a) a compilation and graphical evaluation of historical lower aquifer ground water temperatures; (b) estimates of thermal energy introduced into the ground water system through recharge from Upjohn Pond, and predictions of future production well discharge temperatures; (c) an evaluation of hydraulic conductivity related to changes in water density and viscosity influenced by variable temperature; and (d) the stratigraphy beneath Upjohn Pond.

Records reveal increasing ground water temperatures through time in …

Reconstruction Of Wetland Hydrology Dynamics Using Tree Rings, Allan P. Hascall Iii

Dissertations

Increment core samples were collected and examined to test the hypothesis that the history of punctuated or intermediate-term changes in wetland soil-moisture conditions can be reconstructed from the annual growth-ring record of trees. The hypothesis is based on plant physiological principles that indicate a relationship between water surplus stress and impaired physiological activity that could lead to reduced growth.

Sampling sites were selected for their ostensible historic hydrologic variability and the availability of documentation of hydrologic disturbances. A conceptual model was developed by which trees were sampled along a hydrotopographic gradient for comparison of radial stem growth in uplands versus …

The Effects Of Organic Matter Rich Topsoil On The Germination Growth And Metal Uptake Of Corn (Zea Mays) Grown In Flue Dust Contaminated Soil, Christopher Allen Impellitteri

OES Theses and Dissertations

The large biomass of corn (Zea mays) and promising results from a previous experiment (Chlopecka and Adriano, 1995) concerning metal uptake by corn indicate that corn may be a good candidate for phytoremediation of trace metal contaminated soil. Appling soil (acid, thermic, typic paleudult) was treated with increasing levels of a metal rich flue dust based on Zn concentration (0, 150, 300, 600, 1200, and 2400 mg/kg). Four replicates at each Zn treatment level were either limed to pH 6.3-6.5 and covered with a two inch thick layer of organic matter rich topsoil (OM), unlimed and covered with …

Biostratigraphic Analysis Of Southern Florida's Plio-Pleistocene Shell Beds, Dalton L. Rasmussen

OES Theses and Dissertations

Four molluscan assemblage zones in southern Florida corresponding to the Pinecrest Sand Member of the Tamiami Formation, and the Caloosahatchee, Bermont and Fort Thompson shell beds were identified following quantitative and qualitative analyses of the fossil molluscan fauna. Twenty-eight bulk sediment samples collected from 16 localities across southern Florida were processed for fossil material, and yielded nearly 60,000 specimens belonging to 311 species. A Q-mode cluster analysis compared sediment samples on the basis of 188 species whose abundances had been converted to binary presence-absence form. The cluster analysis was run four times using the Jaccard and Dice similarity coefficients as …

40Ar/39 Ar Geochronology Of The Lowland Creek Volcanic Field And Its Temporal Relations With Other Eocene Volcanic Areas, Vladimir Olegovich Ispolatov

OES Theses and Dissertations

Exposures of the Eocene Lowland Creek Volcanics (LCV) cover an area of 2000 km² in southwestern Montana, and consist of basal elastic deposits, felsic tuffs, and felsic and intermediate lavas with an aggregate thickness of about 2 km. New ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar dates show that volcanic activity lasted for at least 4.2 million years (52.7- 48.5 Ma), or even longer (4.5-4.7 million years: from 53.0-53.2 Ma to 48.5 Ma). During evolution of the volcanic field, early explosive volcanism was gradually replaced by extrusive activity. During the transition period (52.7-51.5 Ma), the two volcanic styles coexisted.

The evolution of …

Middle Shoreface Intervals: Evidence Of Barred Nearshore Systems In He Stratigraphic Record, James V. Gravette

OES Theses and Dissertations

An interpretation for middle shoreface (MSF) intervals was developed by comparing MSF intervals from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) Blackhawk Formation, east-central Utah, with conceptual models proposed for modern nearshore areas. Specifically, MSF intervals identified within the Sunnyside Member were compared with MSF intervals identified within the Spring Canyon (Kamola and Van Wagoner, 1995) and the Aberdeen (Kamola, unpublished data) members.

A comparison of MSF interval data revealed that MSF intervals occur stratigraphically between upper and lower shore face deposits, disrupting the standard vertical succession for nearshore marine deposits (consisting of offshore, lower shore face, upper shore face, and foreshore deposits). …

Elevation As A Control Of Boulder Stream Formation In The Blue Ridge Province Of Virginia, Marc D. Zamkotowicz

OES Theses and Dissertations

Within four study areas in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, boulder streams formed by periglacial processes carpet the bottoms of most high-altitude first-order valleys. The geomorphic indicators of periglacial formation in these long, linear accumulations of bouldery colluvium - the presence of vertical clasts, gradational upper contacts with talus deposits, confinement within valleys, and hump-like cross sectional profiles - were present in all areas mapped and in most individual boulder streams. The minimum critical elevation for boulder stream formation increases from north to south across Virginia, from 150 m in elevation in northern Virginia to 1500 m in southwestern …

Ice Transport In The Queen Elizabeth Islands, Canadian Arctic Using Detrital Fe Oxide Grain Composition, Duan Li

OES Theses and Dissertations

Nine Fe oxide mineral types (45pm-250pm) separated from 54 glacial and glaciomarine sediment samples from the Queen Elizabeth Islands (QEI) of Canada were analyzed for 12 elements by electron microprobe to determine the dispersal patterns of ice rafted debris in this area. Both cluster analysis and discriminant function analysis (DFA) on the chemical compositions were used to match each detrital Fe oxide grain to a source The entire QEI area can be subdivided into eight unique areas based on the elemental composition of the Fe oxide minerals. These subdivisions are similar to the source areas based on the assemblage of …

The Geodetic Signature Of The M8.0 Oct. 9, 1995, Jalisco Subduction Earthquake, Timothy I. Melbourne, I. Carmichael, C. Demets, K. Hudnut, O. Sanchez, J. Stock, G. Suarez, F. Webb

Faculty Scholarship for the Cascadia Hazards Institute

The October, 1995 Mw 8.0 Jalisco subduction earthquake has provided a thorough geodetic observation of the coseismic subduction process. An 11 station regional GPS network located directly onshore of the rupture demonstrates consistent vertical subsidence verified by tide gauge data and southwest-directed extension, with measured displacements reaching 1 meter. Unusually shallow and non-uniform faulting is required to explain the displacements. We determine that up to 5 meters of slip occurred within the upper 15 km of the thrust fault zone and 2 meters possibly as shallow as 8 km, and that slip was likely distributed in two main patches. The …

Core-Log-Seismic Integration As A Framework For Determining The Basin-Wide Significance Of Regional Reflectors In The Eastern Equatorial Pacific, Stephen F. Bloomer, Larry A. Mayer

Affiliate Scholarship

ODP Leg 138 in the eastern equatorial Pacific (EEP) provided a unique opportunity to understand the paleoceanographic significance of seismic reflectors in this climatically sensitive region. Carefully offset multiple cores were spliced into a complete stratigraphic section for the upper 250 m at each site and accurate, astronomically tuned time scales were generated from these composites. Well log data provided a means to correct composite depths to true depths as well as density and velocity data for the generation of synthetic seismograms. These synthetic seismograms were used to determine the paleoceanographic significance of regionally traceable reflectors by linking variations in …

Jamaican Cave Vertebrates, Donald A. Mcfarlane

WM Keck Science Faculty Papers

Limestone caves in the tropics are typically associated with a more diverse assemblage of vertebrates than are caves in temperate regions. Chapman [87] for example, has reported 37 species from the caves of Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, whereas Bailey [43] lists only 13 for the equally cavernicolous Guadeloupe Mountains National Park, New Mexico, USA. Twenty-eight vertebrate species have been recorded from Jamaican caves. The relative importance of the five Classes differ in these three areas as shown in Table 1 (overleaf).

Geology And Ground Water, Cheyenne County, Nebraska, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.

Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications

The oldest rock unit exposed in Cheyenne County is the upper part of the Brule Formation, which is the youngest formation of the White River Group of the Oligocene epoch (33-29 million years old). Surface outcrops, road cuts, and railroad cuts through the Brule Formation occur along the sides of valleys along Lodgepole Creek from just east of Sidney westward to the vicinity of Brownson, along the valley sides of Sidney Draw and its tributaries, and along the sides of an unnamed drainageway northwest of Colton. Test drilling and drilling for wells along the floor of Lodgepole Creek have revealed …

The Characterization Of An Amiid Species From The Fort Union Rock Formation Of The Early Paleocene, Alexis Penot

Honors Capstone Projects and Theses

No abstract provided.

Physical, Chemical, And Biological Data For Detailed Study Of Irrigation Drainage In The San Juan Area, New Mexico, 1993-94, With Supplemental Data, 1991-95, United States Geological Survey

All U.S. Government Documents (Utah Regional Depository)

Investigators collected water, bottom-sediment, soil, and biological samples at more than 50 sites in the San Juan River area during 1993-94. Sample sites included (1) sites located within Department of the Interior irrigation project service areas, or areas that receive drainage from irrigation projects; (2) reference sites for comparison with irrigation project sites; and (3) sites located within the reach of the San Juan River from Navajo Dam to 10 miles downstream from the dam.

Geologic Map Of The Scottsbluff, 1 ° X 2 ° Quadrangle, Nebraska And Colorado, James B. Swinehart, Robert F. Diffendal Jr.

Robert F. Diffendal, Jr., Publications

This map is necessarily generalized. For more detailed information, consult the geologic data stored in files of the Conservation and Survey Division, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Other geologic maps at different scales that include all or parts of the map area are by Darton (1903a,b,c), Lugn (1939), Weeks and Gutentag (1981), and Weeks and otners (1988). Detailed groundwater investigations of parts of the map area were done by Wenzel and others (1946). Babcock and Visher (1951, 1952), Bjorklund (1957), Bjorklund and Brown (1957), Smith (1966, 1969), Smith and Souders (1971,1975). Souders (1986), Gottula (1993), and Verstraeten and others (1995).

Introduction

The …

Composite Section Of Cretaceous Rocks In Nebraska, R. R. Burchett

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Natural Responses Of Shallow Lakes And Wetlands For Measuring And Analyzing Impacts Of Climatic/Environmental Change, D. C. Rundquist, D. C. Gosselin

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Plains Pocket Gophers On Two Varieties Of Alfalfa, Debra S. Baker

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Characteristics Of Street Sweepings In Florida, Robert Brinkmann, Jeffrey G. Ryan, Mark Billus

Geology Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Weak Bands Within Ice Stream B, West Antarctica, Christina L. Hulbe, I. M. Whillans

Geology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Kilometer-scale variations in ice velocity and surface topography are used to investigate the style of glacier deformation in the main body of Ice Stream B, West Antarctica. The pattern is very different from that reported for other glaciers. For the 250 km2 area studied on Ice Stream B, most of the observed deformation occurs within two narrow bands, in which there is large across-flow compression and slow lateral shearing. The bands underlie valleys in the ice-surface topography. Measured upward displacement of ice adjacent to the rapidly compressing bands appears to be linked to the creation of the ice stream's topography. …

A Deep-To-Shallow Transition In The Fort Payne Formation (Lower Mississippian), Kentucky Highway 61, Cumberland County, Kentucky, David L. Meyer, Paul E. Potter, Jennifer L. Thies, William I. Ausich, Stephen A. Leslie

Map and Chart--KGS

The Fort Payne Formation of the Cumberland Saddle region of south-central Kentucky and north-central Tennessee is part of a vast marine sedimentation system that extended over much of North America during the Early Mississippian Period; broadly similar facies reached from Georgia through Tennessee and Kentucky, into western Illinois and Missouri, and into New Mexico and the northern Rockies (Pryor and Sable, 1974). Throughout North America the Fort Payne and its equivalents overlie a black shale (in Kentucky called the Chattanooga Shale) and underlie thick carbonates (in Kentucky, the Warsaw Formation and younger middle Mississippian limestones).

Six miles south of Burkesville, …

Oil And Gas Map Of The Middlesboro 30 X 60 Minute Quadrangle, Kentucky, Anna E. Watson, Lance G. Morris, Brandon C. Nuttall, Daniel I. Carey

Map and Chart--KGS

The purpose of the oil and gas map series is to portray the distribution of oil and gas resources in a manner useful to the oil and gas industry and to others interested in subsurface research.

Hydrogeology And Ground-Water Monitoring Of Coal-Ash Disposal Sites In A Karst Terrane Near Burnside, South-Central Kentucky, Shelley Minns Hutcheson, Lyle V. A. Sendlein, James S. Dinger, James C. Currens, Arsin M. Sahba

Report of Investigations--KGS

The effects of two coal-ash disposal facilities on ground-water quality at the John Sherman Cooper Power Plant, located in a karst region of south-central Kentucky, were evaluated using dye traces in springs. Springs were used for monitoring rather than wells, because in a karst terrane wells are unlikely to intercept individual conduits.

A closed-out ash pond located over a conduit-flow system discharges to three springs in the upper Salem and Warsaw Formations along Lake Cumberland. Water discharging from these downgradient springs is similar to springs unaffected by ash-disposal facilities and is a calcium-bicarbonate type. No constituent concentrations found in this …

Fresh-Water Aquifer In The Knox Group (Cambrian–Ordovician) Of Central Kentucky, James A. Kipp

Report of Investigations--KGS

Fresh water can be found in Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate rocks of the Knox Group in central Kentucky. The top of the aquifer is as much as 300 ft above mean sea level (m.s.l.) on the crest of the Cincinnati Arch, but descends off the flanks of the arch. Water is normally found in the upper 100 to 250 ft of the Knox, primarily in secondary porosity apparently associated with the unconformity at the top of the unit. Knox wells commonly exceed 750 ft in total depth, but because the aquifer is artesian, water rises to an elevation of about …

Composite Section Of Cretaceous Rocks In Nebraska, R.R. Burchett

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

So You Need A Water Well? A Consumer's Guide To Homeowners' Drinking Water, Charles A. Flowerday, Vincent H. Dreeszen

Conservation and Survey Division: Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Chemistry And Environmental Implications Of Thio-Red And 2,4,6-Trimercaptotriazine Compounds, Kevin R. Henke

Theses and Dissertations

Many compounds, including Thio-Red® and 2,4,6-trimercaptotriazine, trisodium salt (TMT-55), have been marketed to precipitate mercury and other heavy metals from water, including contaminated ground waters. For the products to be effective, information is needed on the chemistry of the products, how they precipitate metals from aqueous solutions, and the chemistries and stabilities of the precipitates.

CS32-, HS-, and S2- are the dominant sulfur species in Thio-Red®. They precipitate heavy metals from water as sulfides (e.g., HgS, PbS, and ZnS). Thio-Red® also contains traces of poisonous carbon disulfide (CS2). Additional CS2 could form from reactions between dissolved heavy metals and CS32-. …