Analytical Chemistry Commons^™

Determination Of 237np In Bioassay Fecal Samples, Bettylou M. Wahl

All Capstone Projects

²³⁷Np, a long-lived alpha-emitting actinide, is present in the environment due to releases from atmospheric nuclear weapons tests, reactor accidents, and nuclear reprocessing plants. The determination of long-lived actinides, such as neptunium, is essential for worker monitoring and environmental control. In bioassay and environmental samples, a radiochemical separation is necessary before measurement in order to eliminate any inferences that may occur in a mixture of actinides. In this paper, a method for determining ²³⁷Np in fecal samples using TEVA resin is investigated. Using ²³⁹Pu as a tracer, tetravalent plutonium and neptunium were successfully separated from other actinides. …

Improved Analytical Analysis Of A Pressurized Water Reactor Secondary Loop, Megan J. Holba

All Capstone Projects

In the nuclear industry, the addition of poly-acrylic acid (PAA) as a dispersant to the secondary cooling loop in pressurized water reactors (PWRs) has been found beneficial in keeping the corroded Fe in solution. The purpose of this study is to measure the effectiveness of the addition of PAA to Braidwood Nuclear Power Station and other plants, to show the benefits of PAA implementation and to evaluate the current method for Fe detection. The current analytical method for the X-Ray Fluorescence Detector has an upper detection limit of 5,000 μg Fe, however, the results frequently exceed the upper limit. In …

Detection Of Folate Binding Protein, Anwer Unnisa

All Capstone Projects

Cancer is the second leading cause of death despite the anti cancer developments including hormone therapy, radiotherapy, chemotherapy. Chemotherapy includes use of potent drugs such as camptothecin, paclitaxel and mitomycin. These drugs have an effect which is dose responsive, where the drug exposure and cell kill are proportional. This chemotherapy is high dose and has less selectivity for cancer cells and has more toxic effect to normal cells. Such kind of non specific treatment to tumor is causing hurdles in the treatment of cancer by chemotherapy. To overcome this current limitation to chemotherapy, the anti cancer drug with high specificity …

Synthesis And Characterization Of Nanoparticulated Rifampicin, Lakshmi Sai Priyanka Guttikonda

All Capstone Projects

Rifampicin is a naturally made, non-peptide antibiotic. It is bactericidal, killing by disabling the protein expression system universally conserved by all bacteria. Specifically, it inhibits the RNA polymerase protein, which is responsible for binding to a strand of DNA as a template and using it to construct a strand of mRNA. The reason rifampicin works so well is that it is a rigid molecule, and sits tightly in the pocket where it binds, allowing the bonds to be very strong. However, this also means if an amino acid with the edge of the channel with a small side chain is …

Purification And Analysis Of Folate Dye Conjugates, Anisha Hari Ganji

All Capstone Projects

Folate receptors play an important role in drug delivery systems as they are known to increase the potency and reduce toxicity of many cancer therapies. Folate receptors are present in abundance on cancerous tissues more so than on non-cancerous tissues. Folate binds to a variety of drugs that include chemotherapeutic agents, liposomes, radio-imaging agents, immunotherapeutic drugs and the like. Folate has been researched and used over the past decade as it is inexpensive and binds to the folate receptors with high affinity when compared to monoclonal antibodies. Nuclear imaging by SPECT and PET has interested many researchers. Other processes include …

Synthesis And Analytical Evaluation Of Folate Conjugates For Use In Cancer Cell Detection, Pradipkumar Koshiya

All Capstone Projects

Folate-targeted dyes have been used for the detection of tumor tissue and isolated cancer cells in both the animal tumor models as well as in human cancer patients. Folate receptors (FR) are abundantly present on several cancerous cell types but they are found less in normal human cells. There are several imaging agents that can be linked with folic acid and used for the detection of tumor. These imaging agents could be protein toxins, chemotherapeutic agents, gene therapy vectors, oligonucleotides, radioimaging agents, magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents and liposomes with entrapped drugs, radiotherapeutic agents and/or immunotherapeutic agents. This research showed …

Determination Of Protein Using Microdrop Assay, Hardik Khared

All Capstone Projects

After purification of protein, it is important to know the concentration of protein in our samples. Concentration or amount of protein in the sample is determined by different assay as BCA (bicinchoninic acid) Assay, Bradford Assay, and Lowery Assay. There are different methods available to perform these assays, which have some limitations, restrictions, advantages and disadvantages. These methods require large amounts of costly reagents, proteins and most importantly, valuable time. To overcome these problems a new method is developed called Microdrop Protein Analysis. This new method required a very small amount of reagents and protein mixtures (2-5 µʅ volume) and …

Evaluation And In Vitro Studies Of Folate-Peg-Biotin, Kuldeep Reddy Vanga

All Capstone Projects

Folate receptor is a membrane bound protein which is highly expressed by cancer cells and macrophages. Folic acid is required for the normal growth of cells and it has been found that rapidly growing cancer cells require high levels of folic acid. Folic acid binds to folate receptors and through receptor mediated transport folate enters cells. This property has been used to synthesize a probe using folate as ligand through polyethylene glycol-Biotin linker. This can be used to attach a drug which is ultimately delivered at the site of infectious cells. The study involved here was to determine how folate …

Detection Of Folate Receptor From Fr+ Cancer Cells, Darpan Patel

All Capstone Projects

The aim was to detect cancer cells by using folate–PEG-Biotin probe with fluorescently labeled streptavidin for targeted drug delivery of anti-cancer drugs and diagnose cancer cells. Folate-PEG-Biotin (synthesized by Dr. Henne and Mr.Rohan Patel) was purified by HighPeformanceLiquidChromatography (HPLC) analysis and with the help of Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (LC/MS) its identity was confirmed. Folate is a basic composition of cell metabolism in both synthesis of DNA and proteins. Growing cancer cells require high level of folic acid. Folate Receptor-α (FR-α) is a membrane bound protein having high affinity for folic acid and serves to transport of folate into cells. Poly …

Detection Of Protein By Microdrop Analysis, Yogeshkumar Radadiya

All Capstone Projects

Analysis of protein depends particularly on protein concentration. Protein concentration measurement is the most important part in the research work to conduct protein-related studies. Although there are many methods available for this purpose, each method has certain limitations. The aim of the experiment is to develop either new or modified analytical method for the analysis and detection of protein using newly introduced micro-plate reader equipped with Take-3 microplate with the help of Gen-5 software. An ideal assay should be simple and easy to carry out. Another aspect to be taken into consideration are low inference, stability of measured components and …

Developing Novel Nanoparticulated Imaging System Using Luminescence Enhancement Of Eu(Iii) And Tb(Iii) By Single-Strand Dna Encapsulation, David A. Corcoran, Diana L. Harms (Galindo)

All Student Theses and Dissertations

Non-toxic biosensors are encountering an increase in attention for use in understanding the fate of cells and as a diagnostic tool. Development and incorporation of suitable fluorophores into biological molecules is the key for monitoring proteins in vivo research. This study investigated the enhanced emission of Eu (III) and Tb (III) upon binding to the four DNA bases and their respective nucleotides, found the best ratio for effective energy transfer, and developing nanoparticles to deliver the biosensor into the cells.

It is well known that Eu (III) and Tb (III) exhibit very distinctive photo-characteristics. The luminescence of these two lanthanides …

Solvent Effects On Emission Spectra Of Carminic Acid And Determination Of Its Ground And Excited State Dipole Moments, Sarika B. Jaggannagari

All Capstone Projects

Absorption and fluorescence emission spectra of Carminic acid were recorded in solvents with different solvent parameters like polarities, dielectric constant and refractive index. The solvents used in the experiment were water, DMSO, acetonitrile, methanol, propanol and butanol. The atomic radius of the molecule was found out using Hartree-Fock method in molecular modeling using Spartan software and it is applied to find out the dipole moments. The dipole moments of Carminic acid in the ground state and excited states have been determined and Solvatochromic shift method has been used to determine the excited state dipole moments. The linear progressions were made …

Synthesis And Characterization Of An Europium-Porphyrin Complex, Alejandro Blinder

All Capstone Projects

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising treatment that has continued to improve over the past thirty years when the first commercially approved photosensitizer (PS) was introduced. Although PDT has many successful applications, the terrifying number of new cancer cases reported each year makes scientists focus their efforts towards the development of new efficient PS for PDT. The biggest obstacle that prohibits PDT from becoming a more widely used therapy is the ineffective photosensitizers (PS) that are available on the market today. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the synthesized metal-porphyrin complex as a possible candidate as a PS. …

Labeling Of Fluorescein Dye On Folate Binding Protein, Sravanth Reddy Lakshmareddygari

All Capstone Projects

Discovery and development of folic acid based receptor targeting started in late 1991 and early 1992 when researchers came to know that folate receptors (FR) are over expressed on malignant tissues. The malignant tissues over express special folate receptors to capture more folate from the blood stream as folate is required for cell division. The researchers found that folate can be used as an optimal targeting ligand that would bind selectively to pathologic cells, displaying no affinity for healthy cells. Then they focused on attaching a drug molecule to the folate ligand that can be delivered directly to the cells …

Using Photoactive Vitamin Nanoparticles As Photodynamic Antimicrobial Chemotherapeutic (Pact) Agents To Treat Chronic Wounds, Rahul A. Khanke

All Capstone Projects

The objective of the proposed study is to develop new materials and methods to manage microbial growth in chronic wounds using phototherapy. Chronic wounds are considered as a worldwide health problem. The most common chronic wounds can be classified into three categories: venous ulcers, diabetic ulcers, and pressure ulcers. Venous ulcers, which usually occur in the legs, account for about 70% to 90% of chronic wounds and can become infected easily. Venous ulcers are sores that develop after veins in the legs have been damaged. These ulcers can penetrate deeply into the skin. Occasionally, if a venous ulcer persists for …

Labeling Of Folic Acid On Bovine Serum Albumin, Hari Krishna Kosuri

All Capstone Projects

Recent Clinical research focused mainly on the therapeutic safety which mainly involves the avoidance of toxicities. To prevent the toxicities, site targeted drugs are improved which exhibit their therapeutic action on the specific target or the diseased target without disturbing the healthy cells. Folic acid, a natural Vitamin (Vit B9) has shown promising results in site specificity mainly in the cancer cells where they are abundantly present.

Folic acid is of great importance because of the promising results of several clinical trials which demonstrate that Folic acid increases the potency and simultaneously reducing the toxicity of the cancer therapies. Various …

Ruthenium Complexes As Dna Photonucleases In Treatment Of Malignant Skin Carcinoma, Devi Kalyan Karumanchi

All Capstone Projects

A variety of Ruthenium complexes possessing terpyridine complexes as ligands in their coordination sphere have been investigated extensively as DNA photo nucleases in vitro. This work has led to the realization that compounds of Ruthenium bind to DNA purines and that the interactions are of an unprecedented bridging variety. Owing to the molar absorptivity of these complexes in the visible region, direct cleavage of duplex DNA by these complexes requires irradiation in the range of 400-500 nm.

Although the observation of DNA photo cleavage in vitro makes these systems good candidates for further investigation, it does not provide any information …

Total Protein Determination Using Micro Plate Assay, Julie Ruffatti

All Capstone Projects

One of the largest challenges that food manufactures are facing today is the management of food allergens. Allergenic protein in trace amounts, part per million concentrations, will trigger a reaction in some individuals. Food manufacturers need to prevent allergen cross-contamination by performing adequate sanitation after production of an allergenic containing food. Allergen detection kits are used to determine if sufficient protein was removed from the equipment surfaces during sanitation. One kit on the market is the 3M™ Clean- Trace™ Surface Protein (Allergen) swab tests. The test qualitatively detects the presence of protein based on the biuret reaction and will yield …

Synthesis And Analytical Evaluation Of Folate Conjugates For Use In Cancer Cell Detection, Sneha Reddy Kuthuru

All Capstone Projects

Recent clinical studies have shown the importance of folate receptor in drug delivery system as they increase the potency and reduce toxicity of many cancer therapies. The folate receptor alpha ( FR-a) binds with high affinity for folic acid and serves for receptor mediated transport of folate into cells. Folate is necessary for DNA metabolism and thus it is speculated that rapidly dividing cancer cells have an increased requirement for folic acid. It is known that FR-a levels are elevated in specific malignant diseases (solid tumors, leukemia) and thus the FR receptor serves as useful targeting moiety for the diagnosis …

Purification And Analysis Of Folate-Dye Conjugate, Dilipkumar Sakhiya

All Capstone Projects

The folate receptor has achieved great importance for use in targeted drug delivery and in vitro and in vivo diagnostic assays. The folate receptor (FR) is over-expressed on several cancer cell types and activated macrophages, but exists in relatively low abundance on the surface of non-cancerous tissue and non inflammatory cells. This unique attribute is the hallmark of folate-targeted methodologies allowing the diagnostic agent and/or drug to be ferried to the specific disease sites while preventing “off target” effects in normal tissues. Protein toxins, chemotherapeutic agents, radioimaging agents, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents liposomes with entrapped drugs, radiotherapeutic agents, …

Degree Of Labeling Of Folate-Bsa With Rhodamine Dye, Prathibha Yazala

All Capstone Projects

Folic acid is a very important vitamin. It is needed by cells for various physiological functions. It plays an important role in growth and multiplication of cells and therefore is needed very much by cancerous cells. One of the ways folate reaches the cells is the folate receptor mediated endocytosis. Therefore folate binding proteins are abundant on cancerous cells. Clinical trials proved that the folate receptor targeted drug delivery is very promising to increase the drug exposure to malignant cells and to reduce the toxicity to healthy cells. It was recently discovered that folate receptor is also over expressed on …

Synthesis And Analysis Of N-Acetyltyrosine-N-Ethyl Amide From N-Acetyl Yyrosine Ethyl Ester, Ravinder Reddy Akkuluri

All Capstone Projects

Amino acids gets oxidized when they are interacted with oxygen and light. And it is always difficult for the researchers to find and isolate a particular amino acid from a protein, unless they completely know how it behaves when interacted with light. For this we are synthesizing amide form of the amino acid which mimics the structure of a protein, and we induce light and find out the exact behavior of the particular amino acid. Here, the aim is to know the tyrosine interaction with light, so we synthesize amide form of tyrosine which is N-Acetyl tyrosine ethyl amide from …