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2024

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Articles 151 - 180 of 1341

Full-Text Articles in Chemistry

Ionic Nanomedicines And Biocompatible Hydrogel: Synthesis, Characterization And Application In Cancer And Drug Delivery, Mujeebat Bashiru Nov 2024

Ionic Nanomedicines And Biocompatible Hydrogel: Synthesis, Characterization And Application In Cancer And Drug Delivery, Mujeebat Bashiru

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation is focused on the development of novel class of ionic materials (IMs), and ionic nanomedicines (INMs) for cancer treatment. These IMs are composed of two therapeutics combined via electrostatic attraction. The impact of various counterions on the drug’s cytotoxic and photophysical properties are unveiled. Moreover, the mechanism of internalization, enhanced toxicity of these materials is investigated by determining their cellular uptake, subcellular localization, and cell death mechanism. Furthermore, the in vivo bioimaging capabilities of the drugs is investigated to validate their potential for clinical relevance. The second part of this dissertation is focused on the synthesis of biocompatible …

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Editorial: Leveraging Multi-Omics Approaches To Understand And Manage Gastrointestinal And Hepatic Diseases, Isis Trujillo-Gonzalez, Paul G. Thomes, Isin Tuna Sakallioglu, Kusum K. Kharbanda Nov 2024

Editorial: Leveraging Multi-Omics Approaches To Understand And Manage Gastrointestinal And Hepatic Diseases, Isis Trujillo-Gonzalez, Paul G. Thomes, Isin Tuna Sakallioglu, Kusum K. Kharbanda

Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications

The Research Topic “Leveraging multi-omics approaches to understand and manage gastrointestinal and hepatic diseases” proposed by the Frontiers in Pharmacology has attracted a total of four articles on preclinical studies that were covered in three original research manuscripts and one review article. Two research articles were on metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), previously named non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which is now recognized as a predominant cause of chronic liver disease worldwide, affecting over 30% of the adult population (Teng et al., 2023; Miao et al., 2024). Current pharmacological treatments for MASLD are limited and, until a recent FDA-approved …

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Electronic Relaxation Pathways In Thio-Acridone And Thio-Coumarin: Two Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizers Absorbing Visible Light, Chris Acquah, Sean Hoehn, Sarah Krul, Sourav Kanti Seth, Eric Lee, Carlos E. Crespo-Hernández Nov 2024

Electronic Relaxation Pathways In Thio-Acridone And Thio-Coumarin: Two Heavy-Atom-Free Photosensitizers Absorbing Visible Light, Chris Acquah, Sean Hoehn, Sarah Krul, Sourav Kanti Seth, Eric Lee, Carlos E. Crespo-Hernández

Faculty Scholarship

Heavy-atom-free photosensitizers (HAF-PSs) have emerged as a new class of photosensitizers aiming to broaden their applicability and versatility across various fields of the photodynamic therapy of cancers. The strategy involves replacing the exocyclic oxygen atoms of the carbonyl groups of established biocompatible organic fluorophores with sulfur, thereby bathochromically shifting their absorption spectra and enhancing their intersystem crossing efficiencies. Despite these advancements, the photophysical attributes and electronic relaxation mechanisms of many of these HAF-PSs remain inadequately elucidated. In this study, we investigate the excited state dynamics and photochemical properties of two promising HAF-PSs, thio-coumarin and thio-acridone. Employing a combination of steady-state …

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Teaching With Pedagogy And Empathy, Mamoona Muzammil, Muzammil Arshad, Washain Muzammil Nov 2024

Teaching With Pedagogy And Empathy, Mamoona Muzammil, Muzammil Arshad, Washain Muzammil

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

Mental illness is common and can affect anyone. Each year the University welcomes students with Mental Health Issues. One in four adults in the US will experience a mental illness in their lifetime, however according to a NUS survey, eight out of ten students will experience a mental illness while in higher education. For some student’s mental illness can be a lifelong disability. Others can experience short term issues that emerge around difficult or stressful life events, while some students may be more at risk of experiencing mental illness in relation to their ethnicity, gender, sexuality or socio-economic background. Although …

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Comparison Of Efficient Deep Learning Architectures For Lactobacillus Species Identification, Dea Aisyah Rusmawati, Ishak Ariawan, Afrinal Firmanda Nov 2024

Comparison Of Efficient Deep Learning Architectures For Lactobacillus Species Identification, Dea Aisyah Rusmawati, Ishak Ariawan, Afrinal Firmanda

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Identifying microorganism species, such as Lactobacillus, is essential in ensuring the food products' quality and safety. Traditional laboratory practice requires expert knowledge and experience, but the method is expensive and time-consuming due to complex sample preparation. Faster, more accurate, and cheaper computational methods, such as transfer learning technology, are needed for the Lactobacillus species classification. The technique has been effective in a variety of image recognition contexts. Deep learning architecture can also be applied as an innovative strategy for digital image-based identification. Therefore, this research aims to compare several deep-learning architectures in classifying bacterial strains of Lactobacillus. The four architectures …

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Boosting The Power Performance Of Microbial Fuel Cells By Using Dual Nanomaterial-Modified Carbon Felt Electrodes, Krishna Thapa, Wenyan Liu, Yuwei Zhang, David J. Westenberg, Yishu Zhou, Risheng Wang Nov 2024

Boosting The Power Performance Of Microbial Fuel Cells By Using Dual Nanomaterial-Modified Carbon Felt Electrodes, Krishna Thapa, Wenyan Liu, Yuwei Zhang, David J. Westenberg, Yishu Zhou, Risheng Wang

Chemistry Faculty Research & Creative Works

Innovative design enhancements to microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are pivotal for improving their viability as renewable energy sources. This study introduces a dual approach to electrode modification, integrating polyaniline (PANI) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) on carbon felt (CF) anodes coupled with a unique cathode composed of DNA origami and chitosan. The synergistic effect of PANI and AuNPs significantly increases the hydrophilicity and conductivity of the anode, leading to a considerable surge in power density. Concurrently, the biocompatible DNA origami and chitosan-functionalized cathode facilitates efficient electron transfer without relying on conventional catalysts. Together, these modifications yield a 52.42% increase in the …

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Investigating The Learning Goals And Expectations Of Laboratory Coordinators, Graduate Teaching Assistants, And Students In General And Organic Chemistry Laboratory Courses, Elizabeth Blanche Vaughan, A. Montoya-Cowan, Christine Kim, Alexandra Stephens, Osie Hamilton, Jack Barbera Nov 2024

Investigating The Learning Goals And Expectations Of Laboratory Coordinators, Graduate Teaching Assistants, And Students In General And Organic Chemistry Laboratory Courses, Elizabeth Blanche Vaughan, A. Montoya-Cowan, Christine Kim, Alexandra Stephens, Osie Hamilton, Jack Barbera

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

As chemistry education researchers and practitioners continue to investigate and improve undergraduate laboratory courses, it is necessary to consider the perspectives held by each of the stakeholders who are directly involved in these courses, including laboratory coordinators, graduate teaching assistants, and students. This study sought to qualitatively investigate the learning goals and expectations held by laboratory coordinators, graduate teaching assistants (GTAs), and students for general and organic chemistry laboratory courses at a single institution. This was completed through the collection and analysis of semistructured interview data from laboratory coordinators and GTAs and open-ended written responses from students. Results indicated that …

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Physiochemical Characterization And In-Vitro Investigation Of The Effect Of Commercial And Novel Non-Digestible Fiber/Prebiotics On The Growth Of Probiotics, Shaikha Salem Al Ameri Nov 2024

Physiochemical Characterization And In-Vitro Investigation Of The Effect Of Commercial And Novel Non-Digestible Fiber/Prebiotics On The Growth Of Probiotics, Shaikha Salem Al Ameri

Thesis/ Dissertation Defenses

Probiotics and prebiotics play a major role in enhancing the gut microbiota and, consequently, human health. Non-digestible dietary fibers (prebiotics) are selectively fermented and induce specific changes in the composition and/or activity of the gastrointestinal microbiota (probiotics), thus conferring benefit(s) upon the host's health. The consumption of prebiotic products has been extended from diet supplementation to clinical application in various health complications, emerging as a potential therapeutic to manipulate several diseases. Different pharmaceutical companies normally use a blend of many fibers from various sources to prepare commercial prebiotic products. Currently, no data is available to what extent the components of …

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Polymorphism Control Of Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet) Degradation Product Via Mechanochemistry Leads To Accelerated Microbial Degradation, Deepika Shingwekar, Nicholas Lutz, Delbert S. Botes, Elani J. Cabrera-Vega, Gonzalo Campillo-Alvarado, Jay L. Mellies, Jesus Daniel Loya Nov 2024

Polymorphism Control Of Polyethylene Terephthalate (Pet) Degradation Product Via Mechanochemistry Leads To Accelerated Microbial Degradation, Deepika Shingwekar, Nicholas Lutz, Delbert S. Botes, Elani J. Cabrera-Vega, Gonzalo Campillo-Alvarado, Jay L. Mellies, Jesus Daniel Loya

Chemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Here, we optimized a chemo-microbial degradation of polyethylene terephthalate. Developed a path to mechanochemically interconvert between BHET polymorphs and established that BHET polymorphism influences bacterial biodegradation rate.

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Classification Manner Utilizing Electroencephalography Signals To Investigate Waveforms, Wessam Al-Salman, Ali Basim Al-Khafaji, Mishall Al-Zubaidie Nov 2024

Classification Manner Utilizing Electroencephalography Signals To Investigate Waveforms, Wessam Al-Salman, Ali Basim Al-Khafaji, Mishall Al-Zubaidie

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

Waveform detection has been an area of continuous investigation for many years. One important waveform in sleep stage 2 is the k-complex. Numerous researchers have created various strategies for auto-k-complex detection; some of these strategies state that the automated detection techniques are adequate. Because of its analytically relevant resolution, the Electroencephalogram (EEG) is a commonly utilized technique to analyze the k-complexes in order to understand the nervous system activity of the brain. Several researchers have classified waveforms using EEGs in a variety of ways. It appears that the majority of the waveform detection had limitations. The …

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Bacterial Cellulose Production From Fermented Fruits And Vegetables Byproducts: A Comprehensive Study On Chemical And Morphological Properties, Yati Maryati, Hakiki Melanie, Windri Handayani, Yasman Yasman Nov 2024

Bacterial Cellulose Production From Fermented Fruits And Vegetables Byproducts: A Comprehensive Study On Chemical And Morphological Properties, Yati Maryati, Hakiki Melanie, Windri Handayani, Yasman Yasman

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study aimed to produce α-cellulose from Bacterial Cellulose SCOBY (BCS) using alternative substrates from fermented fruit and vegetable byproducts: katuk leaves (KT), kale leaves (KL), guava (JB), dragon fruit (NG), and banana (PS). BCS production involved juice extraction, SCOBY inoculation, and sucrose addition, followed by 21 days of fermentation. Initially, the NG medium had the highest concentration of Total Reducing Sugars (TRS), but all media showed a decline as sugars were consumed. Fermentation reduced pH and increased total polyphenols, with KL and JB showing the highest rise (0.13-0.15 mg GAE/mL). Flavonoid levels varied, decreasing in KL and PS but …

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Metabolite Profiling Of Potential Fraction From Ethyl Acetate Extract Of Ziziphus Mauritiana Leaves By Lc-Ms/Ms Analysis, Nurhayati Bialangi, Weny Ja Musa, Boima Situmeang Nov 2024

Metabolite Profiling Of Potential Fraction From Ethyl Acetate Extract Of Ziziphus Mauritiana Leaves By Lc-Ms/Ms Analysis, Nurhayati Bialangi, Weny Ja Musa, Boima Situmeang

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

In Indonesia, the treatment with leaves as a traditional medicine is still firmly integrated into the community to overcome various health problems experienced, one of which is the treatment with Bidara leaves (Ziziphus mauritiana). Ziziphus mauritiana belongs to family of Rhamnaceae, and it is generally considered a potential source of antioxidant and cholesterol lowering. This study aimed to examine phytochemical characterization, antioxidant potential, and cholesterol-lowering effects of ethyl acetate fraction derived from Ziziphus mauritiana. Extraction was accomplished using ethyl acetate, and the resultant extract was fractionated through chromatography with a blend of n-hexane and ethyl acetate as …

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Confocal Raman Spectroscopy Coupled With In Vitro Permeation Testing To Study The Effects Of Formalin Fixation On The Skin Barrier Function Of Reconstructed Human Epidermis, Hichem Kichou, Franck Bonnier, Amanda C. Caritá, Hugh Byrne, Igor Choupra, Emilie Munnier Nov 2024

Confocal Raman Spectroscopy Coupled With In Vitro Permeation Testing To Study The Effects Of Formalin Fixation On The Skin Barrier Function Of Reconstructed Human Epidermis, Hichem Kichou, Franck Bonnier, Amanda C. Caritá, Hugh Byrne, Igor Choupra, Emilie Munnier

Articles

Confocal Raman Spectroscopy is recognised as a potent tool for molecular characterisation of biological specimens. There is a growing demand for In Vitro Permeation Tests (IVPT) in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic areas, increasingly conducted using Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) skin models. In this study, chemical fixation of RHE in 10% Neutral Buffered Formalin for 24 hours has been examined for storing RHE samples at 4°C for up to 21 days. Confocal Raman Spectroscopy, combined with Principal Components Analysis, revealed the molecular-level effects of fixation, notably in protein and lipid conformation within the stratum corneum and viable epidermis. IVPT by means …

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Considerations For Method Development And Method Translation In Capillary Liquid Chromatography: A Tutorial, Samuel W. Foster, Christopher Piccolo, Eliza K. Hanson, James P. Grinias Nov 2024

Considerations For Method Development And Method Translation In Capillary Liquid Chromatography: A Tutorial, Samuel W. Foster, Christopher Piccolo, Eliza K. Hanson, James P. Grinias

College of Science & Mathematics Departmental Research

HPLC remains one of the most widely used measurement techniques for chemical analysis. Capillary LC, which utilizes narrow diameter columns operated at lower flow rates than analytical-scale LC, continues to gain adoption based on its reduced mobile phase consumption and increased sensitivity when coupled to MS detection. This tutorial offers practical insights into the most critical aspects of translating analytical-scale separations to the capillary scale. The selection of pumping systems, detectors, and the potential for performance loss due to extra-column effects are examined within the context of separations using columns with inner diameters ≤ 0.3 mm. Column choices within this …

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Barren To Green In A Single Application: Revitalizing Brownfield Soil With Simulated Root Exudates, Bhagyashree P. Vaidya, Sarah E. Krisak, Jennifer Adams Krumins, Nina M. Goodey Nov 2024

Barren To Green In A Single Application: Revitalizing Brownfield Soil With Simulated Root Exudates, Bhagyashree P. Vaidya, Sarah E. Krisak, Jennifer Adams Krumins, Nina M. Goodey

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Scholarship and Creative Works

Barren, metal-contaminated soils lack plants and root exudate inputs, exhibit low microbial abundance and functioning, and often require soil revitalization to revegetate. While the effects of simulated root exudates (SRE) have been investigated in uncontaminated, vegetated soils, their potential for remediating post-industrial barren, contaminated soils has not been examined or leveraged. We asked whether priming brownfield soils with a laboratory-prepared SRE solution stimulates native soil microbial metabolism and functioning and how long the effects last. Moreover, we compared a cost-effective single SRE addition to repeated SRE additions. We collected soils from a metal-contaminated, abandoned industrial rail yard (barren and vegetated …

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Refining Chlorosulfonation Methods For The Synthesis Of A Perfluoroalkyl Arylsulfonimide (Pfsi) Monomer, Ainsley P. Foster, Benjamin Varney, Hua Mei Nov 2024

Refining Chlorosulfonation Methods For The Synthesis Of A Perfluoroalkyl Arylsulfonimide (Pfsi) Monomer, Ainsley P. Foster, Benjamin Varney, Hua Mei

Science University Research Symposium (SURS)

Proton-exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells are sources of energy that are clean, quiet, and highly responsive to changes in power needs, making them promising for use in automobiles and other portable power devices. The electrolyte of a PEM cell–the layer responsible for conductivity–is a polymer membrane, commonly consisting of perfluoroalkyl sulfonic acid (PFSA) polymers. Perfluoroalkyl arylsulfonimide (PFSI) polymers are expected to improve the efficiency of PEM fuel cells through optimal stability and proton conductivity. The trifluovinylether (TFVE) aryl perfluorosulfonamide monomer is a new PFSI monomer proposed to fulfill these benefits once polymerized. A six-step synthesis route was initially designed to …

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Corrosion Behavior Of 304 Stainless Steel In H2so4/Nacl In The Absence And Presence Of Molybdate And Tungstate, Asma Yousef Alkaabi Nov 2024

Corrosion Behavior Of 304 Stainless Steel In H2so4/Nacl In The Absence And Presence Of Molybdate And Tungstate, Asma Yousef Alkaabi

Theses

In this study, the corrosion behavior of 304 austenitic stainless steel was investigated in H2SO4 solutions, H2SO4 as a function of Cl- ions concentration, H2SO4 as a function of MoO42- ions concentration, and H2SO4 + Cl- ions as a function of MoO42- ions concentration. Moreover, the synergistic inhibition of MoO42- and WO42- ions was investigated in 0.1 M H2SO4, with the solution pH adjusted to 3.0. The findings show that the corrosion current density (i …

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Solvent- And Temperature-Controlled Regioselective Catalytic Synthesis Of Potentially Bioactive, Sara Helmy Saada Nov 2024

Solvent- And Temperature-Controlled Regioselective Catalytic Synthesis Of Potentially Bioactive, Sara Helmy Saada

Theses

Isothiocyanates play a crucial role as essential components in the development of effective synthetic methods for producing key chemical intermediates and biologically active molecules. Similarly, N-arylcyanothioformamide compounds have been employed to create structural cores for numerous heterocycles in a one-step reaction. In this study, we describe the first consistent regiospecific reaction of isothiocyanates with a variety of substituted N-arylcyanothioformamides in a 1:1 molar ratio to generate a series of imidazolidineiminodithiones decorated with a multitude of functional groups on both aromatic rings. The reaction is carried out at room temperature using a 20 mol% catalytic amount of triethylamine with …

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Targeted Study Of The Effect Of Yeast Strain On Volatile Compounds Produced In Sorghum Beer, Drew Budner, Joseph Carr, Brett Serafini, Samantha Tucker, Elisabeth Dieckman-Meyer, Lindsey Bell, Katherine A. Thompson-Witrick Nov 2024

Targeted Study Of The Effect Of Yeast Strain On Volatile Compounds Produced In Sorghum Beer, Drew Budner, Joseph Carr, Brett Serafini, Samantha Tucker, Elisabeth Dieckman-Meyer, Lindsey Bell, Katherine A. Thompson-Witrick

Chemistry

An increase in the consumer demand and the availability of gluten-free products has led to several brewers investigating brewing with grains other than barley. The primary grain of choice has been sorghum. These new gluten-free beers have a unique flavor and aroma, which previous research has shown is the result of differences in concentration for key chemical compounds, including ethyl butyrate, butyl acetate, isoamyl acetate, ethyl caproate, hexyl acetate, 1-octanol, nonanal, ethyl octanoate, and ethyl decanoate. This study focused looked at the influence different strains of yeast had on the concentration of these key compounds. Beer was brewed using either …

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Characterization Of Aromatic Stationary Phases For Uses In High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Anastasia Davis Nov 2024

Characterization Of Aromatic Stationary Phases For Uses In High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Anastasia Davis

Honors Theses

High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) is an analytical chemist technique used to separate a sample into its components to characterize and study a specific molecule or compound. Traditionally, High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in different industries, such as the environmental and pharmaceutical fields, uses stationary phases that are already well characterized, such as the C18 stationary phase for separation. However, aromatic stationary phases have recently been produced, which have phenyl groups bonded to the interior surface of the column. Still, they have not been well characterized because of how modern they are. This project characterized several aromatic stationary phases (Biphenyl, pentafluorophenyl, and …

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Lithicone-Protected Lithium Metal Anodes For Lithium Metal Batteries With Nickel-Rich Cathode Materials, Ridwan A. Ahmed, Kevin V. Carballo, Krishna P. Koirala, Qian Zhao, Peiyuan Gao, Ju-Myung Kim, Cassidy S. Anderson, Xiangbo Meng, Chongmin Wang, Ji-Guang Zhang, Wu Xu Nov 2024

Lithicone-Protected Lithium Metal Anodes For Lithium Metal Batteries With Nickel-Rich Cathode Materials, Ridwan A. Ahmed, Kevin V. Carballo, Krishna P. Koirala, Qian Zhao, Peiyuan Gao, Ju-Myung Kim, Cassidy S. Anderson, Xiangbo Meng, Chongmin Wang, Ji-Guang Zhang, Wu Xu

Mechanical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

The high energy density advantage of lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) makes them increasingly desirable; however, problems such as strong reactivity and dendrite growth of Li metal anode limit their practical uses. In this work, a novel Li-containing glycerol (LiGL) or lithicone protection layer on a 50 μm thick Li metal anode is employed for improving the performance of LMBs. This LiGL layer was accurately deposited via a molecular layer deposition (MLD) process at 150°C, using lithium tert-butoxide and glycerol as precursors. The as-formed LiGL coating layer is highly tunable in its thickness by simply adjusting MLD cycles and shows …

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Insulator-To-Metal Transition And Isotropic Gigantic Magnetoresistance In Layered Magnetic Semiconductors, Gokul Acharya, Bimal Neupane, Chia-Hsiu Hsu, Xian P. Yang, David Graf, Eun Sang Choi, Krishna Pandey, Md Rafique Un Nabi, Santosh Karki Chhetri, Rabindra Basnet, Sumaya Rahman, Jian Wang, Zhengxin Hu, Bo Da, Hugh O.H. Churchill, Guoqing Chang, M. Zahid Hasan, Yuanxi Wang, Jin Hu Nov 2024

Insulator-To-Metal Transition And Isotropic Gigantic Magnetoresistance In Layered Magnetic Semiconductors, Gokul Acharya, Bimal Neupane, Chia-Hsiu Hsu, Xian P. Yang, David Graf, Eun Sang Choi, Krishna Pandey, Md Rafique Un Nabi, Santosh Karki Chhetri, Rabindra Basnet, Sumaya Rahman, Jian Wang, Zhengxin Hu, Bo Da, Hugh O.H. Churchill, Guoqing Chang, M. Zahid Hasan, Yuanxi Wang, Jin Hu

Physics Faculty Publications and Presentations

Magnetotransport, the response of electrical conduction to external magnetic field, acts as an important tool to reveal fundamental concepts behind exotic phenomena and plays a key role in enabling spintronic applications. Magnetotransport is generally sensitive to magnetic field orientations. In contrast, efficient and isotropic modulation of electronic transport, which is useful in technology applications such as omnidirectional sensing, is rarely seen, especially for pristine crystals. Here a strategy is proposed to realize extremely strong modulation of electron conduction by magnetic field which is independent of field direction. GdPS, a layered antiferromagnetic semiconductor with resistivity anisotropies, supports a field-driven insulator-to-metal transition …

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A Liquid Crystal-Based Biomaterial Platform For Rapid Sensing Of Heat Stress Using Machine Learning, Prateek Verma, Elizabeth Adeogun, Elizabeth S. Greene, Sami Dridi, Ukash Nakarmi, Karthik Nayani Nov 2024

A Liquid Crystal-Based Biomaterial Platform For Rapid Sensing Of Heat Stress Using Machine Learning, Prateek Verma, Elizabeth Adeogun, Elizabeth S. Greene, Sami Dridi, Ukash Nakarmi, Karthik Nayani

Poultry Science Faculty Publications and Presentations

Novel biomaterials that bridge the knowledge gap in coupling molecular/protein signatures of disease/stress with rapid readouts are a critical need of society. One such scenario is an imbalance between bodily heat production and heat dissipation which leads to heat stress in organisms. In addition to diminished animal well-being, heat stress is detrimental to the poultry industry as poultry entails fast growth and high yields, resulting in greater metabolic activity and higher body heat production. When stressed, cells overexpress heat shock proteins (such as HSP70, a well-established intracellular stress indicator) and may undergo changes in their mechanical properties. Liquid crystals (LCs, …

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Advancing Crispr-Based Solutions For Covid-19 Diagnosis And Therapeutics, Roaa Hadi, Abhishek Poddar, Shivakuma Sonnaila, Venkata Suryanarayana Murthy Bhavaraju, Shilpi Agrawal Nov 2024

Advancing Crispr-Based Solutions For Covid-19 Diagnosis And Therapeutics, Roaa Hadi, Abhishek Poddar, Shivakuma Sonnaila, Venkata Suryanarayana Murthy Bhavaraju, Shilpi Agrawal

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, a variety of diagnostic approaches, including RT-qPCR, RAPID, and LFA, have been adopted, with RT-qPCR emerging as the gold standard. However, a significant challenge in COVID-19 diagnostics is the wide range of symptoms presented by patients, necessitating early and accurate diagnosis for effective management. Although RT-qPCR is a precise molecular technique, it is not immune to false-negative results. In contrast, CRISPR-based detection methods for SARS-CoV-2 offer several advantages: they are cost-effective, time-efficient, highly sensitive, and specific, and they do not require sophisticated instruments. These methods also show promise for scalability, enabling diagnostic tests. …

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Molecular Dynamics Investigation Of The Influenza Hemagglutinin Conformational Changes In Acidic Ph, Shadi A. Badiee, Vivek Govind Kumar, Mahmoud Moradi Nov 2024

Molecular Dynamics Investigation Of The Influenza Hemagglutinin Conformational Changes In Acidic Ph, Shadi A. Badiee, Vivek Govind Kumar, Mahmoud Moradi

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations

The surface protein hemagglutinin (HA) of the influenza virus plays a pivotal role in facilitating viral infection by binding to sialic acid receptors on host cells. Its conformational state is pH-sensitive, impacting its receptor-binding ability and evasion of the host immune response. In this study, we conducted extensive equilibrium microsecond-level all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the HA protein to explore the influence of low pH on its conformational dynamics. Specifically, we investigated the impact of protonation on conserved histidine residues (H1062) located in the hinge region of HA2. Our analysis encompassed comparisons between nonprotonated (NP), partially protonated …

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Liquid Crystalline Collagen Assemblies As Substrates For Directed Alignment Of Human Schwann Cells, Homa Ghaiedi, Luis Carlos Pinzon-Herrera, Saja Alshafeay, Leonard Harris, Jorge Almodovar, Karthik Nayani Nov 2024

Liquid Crystalline Collagen Assemblies As Substrates For Directed Alignment Of Human Schwann Cells, Homa Ghaiedi, Luis Carlos Pinzon-Herrera, Saja Alshafeay, Leonard Harris, Jorge Almodovar, Karthik Nayani

Chemical Engineering Faculty Publications and Presentations

Collagen is a key component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and well-oriented domains of collagen are important for mimicking the local cell environment in vitro. While there has been significant attention directed towards the alignment of collagen, formation of large-scale oriented domains remains a key challenge. Type I collagen self-assembles to form liquid crystalline (LC) mesophases in acidic conditions at concentrations above 100 mg mL−1. The LC mesophase provides an efficient platform for large-scale alignment and patterning of collagen coated substrates. However, there still exist challenges related to solubilizing and processing of collagen at such high concentrations in order …

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The Novel Estrogen Receptor Beta Agonist Egx358 And Apoe Genotype Influence Memory, Vasomotor, And Anxiety Outcomes In An Alzheimer’S Mouse Model, M. R. Schwabe, A. W. Fleischer, R. K. Kuehn, S. Chaudhury, J. M. York, D. S. Sem, William A. Donaldson, M. J. Ladu, K. M. Frick Nov 2024

The Novel Estrogen Receptor Beta Agonist Egx358 And Apoe Genotype Influence Memory, Vasomotor, And Anxiety Outcomes In An Alzheimer’S Mouse Model, M. R. Schwabe, A. W. Fleischer, R. K. Kuehn, S. Chaudhury, J. M. York, D. S. Sem, William A. Donaldson, M. J. Ladu, K. M. Frick

Chemistry Faculty Research and Publications

Introduction: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) prevalence and severity are associated with increased age, female sex, and apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) genotype. Although estrogen therapy (ET) effectively reduces symptoms of menopause including hot flashes and anxiety, and can reduce dementia risk, it is associated with increased risks of breast and uterine cancer due to estrogen receptor alpha (ERα)-mediated increases in cancer cell proliferation. Because ERβ activation reduces this cell proliferation, selective targeting of ERβ may provide a safer method of improving memory and reducing hot flashes in menopausal women, including those with AD. APOE genotype influences the response to ET, although it is …

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New Methods To Induce Selectivity In Electrochemical Reactions By Modifying The Electrode Surface, Enqi Feng Oct 2024

New Methods To Induce Selectivity In Electrochemical Reactions By Modifying The Electrode Surface, Enqi Feng

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Organic electrochemistry has proven to be an efficient and green method for synthesis. Although the reactions studied to date have been very successful, there is still much to explore including opportunities to introduce new modes for controlling the selectivity of the reactions. Normally, the selectivity of an electrolysis reaction is based on the redox potential of the substrates. The working potential of an electrode either automatically adjusts to the potential required or is manually set at that potential. This allows for the systematic oxidation or reduction of a series of substrates that have a broad range of oxidation or reduction …

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New Methods To Induce Selectivity In Electrochemical Reactions By Modifying The Electrode Surface, Enqi Feng Oct 2024

New Methods To Induce Selectivity In Electrochemical Reactions By Modifying The Electrode Surface, Enqi Feng

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

Organic electrochemistry has proven to be an efficient and green method for synthesis. Although the reactions studied to date have been very successful, there is still much to explore including opportunities to introduce new modes for controlling the selectivity of the reactions. Normally, the selectivity of an electrolysis reaction is based on the redox potential of the substrates. The working potential of an electrode either automatically adjusts to the potential required or is manually set at that potential. This allows for the systematic oxidation or reduction of a series of substrates that have a broad range of oxidation or reduction …

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Photoluminescence Intensity Enhancement And Stability In Cdte/Sio2 Quantum Dots Through Water Molecule Adsorption And Trap Passivation, Daniil S. Daibagya, Ivan A. Zakharchuk, Sergei A. Ambrozevich, Mikhail S. Smirnov, Anna V. Osadchenko, Oleg V. Ovchinnikov, Alexandr S. Selyukov Oct 2024

Photoluminescence Intensity Enhancement And Stability In Cdte/Sio2 Quantum Dots Through Water Molecule Adsorption And Trap Passivation, Daniil S. Daibagya, Ivan A. Zakharchuk, Sergei A. Ambrozevich, Mikhail S. Smirnov, Anna V. Osadchenko, Oleg V. Ovchinnikov, Alexandr S. Selyukov

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

The study of the luminescence photostability for colloidal nanocrystals is an important task since the understanding of the corresponding physical processes advances new electronic devices based on semiconductor nanoparticles as well as other important applications such as biomarkers. In this paper, we provide the first study and comprehensive analysis of the photostability of the luminescent properties for colloidal CdTe/SiO2 core/shell quantum dots prepared by an aqueous-based method. The quantum dots were exposed to continuous laser radiation during two time intervals with prolonged break in between. The photoluminescence intensity of the quantum dots increased over time under continuous laser irradiation. …

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