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Articles 1081 - 1110 of 1499
Full-Text Articles in Chemistry
In Silico Identification Of Oropouche Virus Protease Inhibitors, Cashmaron Crutcher
In Silico Identification Of Oropouche Virus Protease Inhibitors, Cashmaron Crutcher
Summer Community of Scholars Posters (RCEU and HCR Combined Programs)
No abstract provided.
Water Splitting Using Cobalt-Based Amidopyridine Complexes, Habib Baydoun
Water Splitting Using Cobalt-Based Amidopyridine Complexes, Habib Baydoun
Wayne State University Dissertations
As part of the ongoing search for clean energy sources, splitting water into oxygen and hydrogen has emerged as a promising source of alternative energy. We are interested in developing electrocatalysts capable of performing water reduction and water oxidation. In this dissertation, a variety of catalytic platforms based on an amidopyridine framework are studied. A novel monomeric cobalt complex in an amidopyridine ligand environment, ([CoIII(L1)(pyrr)2]PF6), was investigated for electrocatalytic water reduction and found to have an onset overpotential of 0.54 V and an observed TOF of 23 min-1. The catalytic decomposition pathway was explored with the aim of designing more …
The Mechanism Of Inhibition Of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A By Two Quinolinol Compounds, Yacoba Vroom Teschemaker Minnow
The Mechanism Of Inhibition Of Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A By Two Quinolinol Compounds, Yacoba Vroom Teschemaker Minnow
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
Quinolinol-based compounds are a promising starting point for discovery o f effective inhibitors o f the clostridial neurotoxin, botulinum neurotoxin type A light chain (BoNT/A LC). Insights into the mechanism o f inhibition by quinolinol compounds facilitate interpretation o f docking data and inhibitor optimization. In this study, a fluorogenic substrate o f BoNT/A, SNAPtide, was used to study the mechanism by which two new quinolinol compounds, MSU58 and MSU84, with IC50 values of 3.3 uM and 5.8 uM, respectively, inhibit BoNT/A LC. Kinetic studies and model discrimination analysis showed both compounds to be competitive inhibitors o f BoNT/A …
Investigation Of Hsp90 Structure-Activity Relationships In Epigallocatechin Gallate, Arpita Patel
Investigation Of Hsp90 Structure-Activity Relationships In Epigallocatechin Gallate, Arpita Patel
Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects
(-)-Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is a polyphenolic natural product that inhibits the key chaperone protein Hsp90 by binding to the carboxy terminal portion of the protein. The natural product has modest activity as an Hsp90 inhibitor and there is little information in the literature on structure activity relationships for EGCG analogs. Previous studies from this laboratory provided initial data on the effect of a limited range of changes associated with functional groups, substituents and stereochemistry. The focus of this research is to explore these initial results in more detail with a focus on the synthesis of EGCG analogs with more drug …
Raman Spectroscopy And Chemometrics For Forensic Bloodstain Analysis : Species Differentiation, Donor Age Estimation, And Dating Of Bloodstains, Kyle C. Doty
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The field of forensic science is constantly growing, so the advancement of old and unreliable techniques is at the forefront of what will lead to future progress and improvement. Current methods for identification and analysis of bloodstains are underwhelming due to the insignificant amount of information provided in a destructive, unreliable, and unsafe manner. As is the purpose of this research, creating new methodologies that are rapid, nondestructive, robust, statistically reliable, and safe would significantly advance the way bloodstains are currently analyzed, while providing more useful and relevant information for investigations and criminal proceedings. Raman spectroscopy, along with advanced statistical …
Discovering Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeted To Ligand-Stimulated Rage-Diaph1 Signaling Transduction, Jinhong Pan
Discovering Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeted To Ligand-Stimulated Rage-Diaph1 Signaling Transduction, Jinhong Pan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The receptor of advanced glycation end product (RAGE) is a multiligand receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily of cell surface molecules, which plays an important role in immune responses. Full-length RAGE includes three extracellular immunoglobulin domains, a transmembrane domain and an intracellular domain. It is a pattern recognition receptor that can bind diverse ligands. NMR spectroscopy and x-ray crystallization studies of the extracellular domains of RAGE indicate that RAGE ligands bind by distinct charge- and hydrophobicity-dependent mechanisms. It is found that calgranulin binding to the C1C2 domain or AGEs binding to the V domain activates extracellular signaling, which triggers interactions of …
Dna Aptamer-Based Smart Mri Contrast Agent For Dopamine, Angel D. Thompson
Dna Aptamer-Based Smart Mri Contrast Agent For Dopamine, Angel D. Thompson
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A smart contrast agent is a molecule whose relaxivity changes in response to a biological trigger such as a biomolecule, enzymatic activity, or pH. The focus of my graduate project was to develop a DNA aptamer-based smart MRI contrast agent capable of sensing dopamine. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides that form stable three-dimensional structures efficient in binding with high affinity and specificity for a range of targets. The DNA aptamer has an attached lanthanide-based probe, consisting of a metal ion Gd(III) and a macrocyclic DOTA ligand. The aptamer was assembled using solid phase oligonucleotide synthesis. Nuclear magnetic resonance was used to …
The Preparation And Characterization Of Tetrafluoro-Lambda~6~-Sulfanes, Linbin Zhong
The Preparation And Characterization Of Tetrafluoro-Lambda~6~-Sulfanes, Linbin Zhong
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Synthetic access to systematically substituted tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanes was challenging and the research in this area had been largely abandoned. The original reports of disubstituted-tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanes were limited to substitution by diphenyl and dialkyl groups. The dialkyl-tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanes were reactive while the diphenyl substituted compounds showed decreased reactivity. In this dissertation, the systematic substitution on tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanes has enabled the studies of the substitution effects on reactivity.
Computational Optimization And Characterization Of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, Jacob Jordan Terracina
Computational Optimization And Characterization Of Molecularly Imprinted Polymers, Jacob Jordan Terracina
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are a class of materials containing sites capable of selectively binding to the imprinted target molecule. Computational chemistry techniques were used to study the effect of different fabrication parameters (the monomer-to-target ratios, pre-polymerization solvent, temperature, and pH) on the formation of the MIP binding sites. Imprinted binding sites were built in silico for the purposes of better characterizing the receptor – ligand interactions. Chiefly, the sites were characterized with respect to their selectivities and the heterogeneity between sites.
The Technology Development And Commercialization Of 'Smart' Scientific Instrumentations, Tony Hoang
The Technology Development And Commercialization Of 'Smart' Scientific Instrumentations, Tony Hoang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The technology development of two centrifuge-based instruments gave rise to an Internet-of-Things (IOT) biotech startup. The first instrument: the centrifuge force microscope (CFM) was recently introduced as a platform for massively parallel single-molecule manipulation and analysis. Here we developed a low-cost and self-contained CFM module that works directly within a commercial centrifuge, greatly improving accessibility and ease of use. Our instrument incorporates research grade video microscopy, a power source, a computer, and wireless transmission capability to simultaneously monitor many individually tethered microspheres. Building off of the first project, the second instrument we introduced was the “smart” centrifuge-test tube holder. The …
Study Of Biologically Important Macromolecules By Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Christopher Michael Demott
Study Of Biologically Important Macromolecules By Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Christopher Michael Demott
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Intrinsically disordered proteins or unstructured segments within proteins play an important role in cellular physiology and pathology. A combination of peptide aptamers selected by using the yeast-two-hybrid scheme, and in-cell NMR identified high affinity binders to a transiently structured intrinsically disordered proteins (IDP). This method was validated using the prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein, Pup, of the Mycobacterium proteasome. We discover two peptide aptamers that bind to opposite sites of a transient helix in Pup, an intrinsically disordered protein, that have vastly different effects on the survival of Mycobacterium bovis BCG.
Towards A Biomimetic Elastin-Based Nanofiber Scaffold For Salivary Gland Tissue Regeneration And Growth Factor Delivery, Zahraa Ismail Ahmed Foraida
Towards A Biomimetic Elastin-Based Nanofiber Scaffold For Salivary Gland Tissue Regeneration And Growth Factor Delivery, Zahraa Ismail Ahmed Foraida
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Development of electrospun nanofibers that mimic the structural, mechanical and biochemical properties of natural extracellular matrices (ECMs) and the basement membranes is a promising approach for tissue regeneration. Electrospun fibers of synthetic polymers partially mimic the topography of the ECM, however, their high stiffness, poor hydrophilicity and lack of in vivo-like biochemical cues is not optimal for epithelial cell self-organization and function. In search of a biomimetic scaffold for salivary gland tissue regeneration, we utilized proteins and peptides to induce biomechanical and biochemical cues that resembles the native tissue environment. These functional molecules were introduced to our previously-developed poly lactic-co-glycolic …
A Laser-Pulse Photolysis Study Of The Mechanism Of Potentiation Of The Glua2qflip Ampa Receptors By Cx546, Yu-Chuan Shen
A Laser-Pulse Photolysis Study Of The Mechanism Of Potentiation Of The Glua2qflip Ampa Receptors By Cx546, Yu-Chuan Shen
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Insufficient activity of the α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-type glutamate ion channels is involved in neurological disorders and developmental problems, such as schizophrenia, one of the most serious psychiatric diseases. Use of regulatory agents to enhance AMPA receptor activity under the circumstance has been shown therapeutically beneficial. Specifically, small-molecule compounds generally termed as potentiators or positive modulators of AMPA receptors have long been pursued as drug candidates for a potential treatment of these neurological disorders and diseases. The goal of my MS thesis work is to investigate the mechanism of potentiation on AMPA receptor by a classic potentiator known as CX546. The …
Chemical Reduction Of Planar And Curved Polyarenes : From Group I To Group Ii Metals, Natalie Jean O'Neil
Chemical Reduction Of Planar And Curved Polyarenes : From Group I To Group Ii Metals, Natalie Jean O'Neil
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
To further advance energy storage materials research, the structural studies of carbonaceous compounds intercalated with alkali and alkaline earth metal ions are of great interest and importance. Structure-property relationships of electrode and superconductive materials can be better understood with the gained fundamental knowledge stemming from a synergistic use of solid state and solution studies. Due to the polymeric structures and insolubility in common solvent of intercalated carbonaceous materials, studies of structures and properties must be conducted on smaller subunits. Planar polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can serve as models for the infinite π-carbon layers of graphite or graphene, while nonplanar PAHs …
Site-Specific Functionalization Of Corannulene : Tailoring Structures And Properties, Cristina Dubceac
Site-Specific Functionalization Of Corannulene : Tailoring Structures And Properties, Cristina Dubceac
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Bowl-shaped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (also referred to as buckybowls or π-bowls) are curved polyarenes that are structurally related to fullerenes. Corannulene, the smallest buckybowl which maps onto a one-third of the surface of C60, provides a great platform for functionalization. Various synthetic methods have been developed over the years to give access to a wealth of corannulene derivatives with many different properties and practical applications. In this work, we report on the controlled functionalization of the corannulene interior, while also employing the addition of different functionalities to its periphery for fine-tuning of the packing and bowl properties.
Mechanisms Of Euv Exposure : Photons, Electrons And Holes, Amrit Kausik Narasimhan
Mechanisms Of Euv Exposure : Photons, Electrons And Holes, Amrit Kausik Narasimhan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The microelectronics industry’s movement toward smaller and smaller feature sizes has necessitated a shift to Extreme Ultra-Violet (EUV) lithography to be able to pattern sub 20-nm features, much like earlier shifts from i-line to 248 nm. However, this shift from 193-nm lithography to EUV (13.5 nm) poses significant obstacles. EUV is the first optical lithography to operate in an energy range (92 eV per photon vs. 6.4 eV per photon for 193 nm lithography) above the electron binding energies of common resist atomic species. This significant energy increase complicates resist design. For exposures of equal dose, resists receive 14 times …
Homo- And Heterometallic Bis(Pentafluorobenzoyl)Methanide Complexes Of Copper(Ii) And Cobalt(Ii), Janell Crowder
Homo- And Heterometallic Bis(Pentafluorobenzoyl)Methanide Complexes Of Copper(Ii) And Cobalt(Ii), Janell Crowder
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
β-Diketones are well known to form metal complexes with practically every known metal and metalloid. Metal complexes of fluorinated β-diketones generally exhibit increased volatility and thermal stability compared to the non-fluorinated analogues, and thus are used extensively in various chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes for the deposition of metal, simple or mixed metal oxides, and fluorine-doped metal oxide thin films. Furthermore, the electron-withdrawing nature of the fluorinated ligand enhances the Lewis acidity of a coordinatively unsaturated metal center which facilitates additional coordination reactions. The physical and structural properties of fluorinated β-diketonate complexes are discussed in Chapter 1 …
A Kinetic Study Of Regulation Of Glua1 Homomeric And Heteromeric Ampa Receptors By 2,3-Benzodiazepines, Yin-Shuo (Andrew) Wu
A Kinetic Study Of Regulation Of Glua1 Homomeric And Heteromeric Ampa Receptors By 2,3-Benzodiazepines, Yin-Shuo (Andrew) Wu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
AMPA receptors are a subtype of the ionotropic glutamate receptor family. They are ligand-gated or glutamate-activated, transmembrane ion channels that mediate the majority of excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. AMPA receptors are essential for neuronal development and brain functions, including learning and memory. Over-activation of calcium permeable AMPA receptors has been linked to some neurological diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer’s disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Inhibitors of glutamate receptors are therefore drug candidates for the potential treatment of these neurological diseases. One of the most promising classes of AMPA receptor antagonists is 2,3-benzodiazepine derivatives, thought to be …
Coupling Of Sterically Demanding Peptides By Strain Driven Beta-Thiolactone Mediated Native Chemical Ligation, Yunxian Xiao
Coupling Of Sterically Demanding Peptides By Strain Driven Beta-Thiolactone Mediated Native Chemical Ligation, Yunxian Xiao
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The association between sterically requesting peptidyl destinations is hard to accomplish. The ligation between amino acids, for example, Val-Val has been ended up being amazingly testing with ordinary NCL strategies that are depending on exogenous thiol added substances. Besides, the extra of overabundance measures of outer thiol activators, for example, a 4-mercaptophenylacetic corrosive (MPAA) impede the consequent desulfurization, and it needs the additional progression to be expelled. Although various methodology has been produced to encourage MPAA expulsion, reverse phase preparative HPLC purification remains the best. Nevertheless, the additional purification decreases response proficiency and yield. Thus, we report a β-thiolactone-mediated additive-free …
Raman Spectroscopy Capabilities Of The Cbex Handheld Raman Instrument, Samantha Ingenito
Raman Spectroscopy Capabilities Of The Cbex Handheld Raman Instrument, Samantha Ingenito
Chemistry
Raman spectroscopy is a reliable, nondestructive method of identifying and distinguishing between different types of biological fluids. However, forensic studies have been restricted to indoor desktop Raman instruments when it would be optimal if Raman spectroscopic analysis could be performed at a crime scene. The CBex Handheld Raman Instrument was developed as a portable tool that could perform Raman spectroscopy outside the lab. Unfortunately, the CBex cannot obtain viable spectra of biological fluids. The handheld was compared to the Renishaw invia Raman Microscope by quantifying the signal-to-noise ratio of each by acquiring Scotch tape spectra. The handheld has a significantly …
Investigating The Role Of Epitranscriptomics In Viral Immunity, Kaycie S. Lawson
Investigating The Role Of Epitranscriptomics In Viral Immunity, Kaycie S. Lawson
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The characterization of host-virus relationships is essential for understanding the process of viral replication and driving the development of effective viral targeting strategies. In this work, I tested the hypothesis that ribonucleic acid (RNA) post-transcriptional modifications (PTMs) may play a significant role in defining host-virus interactions. The model system consisted of a yeast strain capable of harboring the endogenous L-A virus, which allowed me to evaluate the possible involvement of PTMs in the process of cellular immunity to virus-borne toxicity. A mass spectrometry-based platform was utilized to compare the global PTM profile of wild-type yeast with those of the same …
Further Development Of Raman Spectroscopy For Body Fluid Investigation : Forensic Identification, Limit Of Detection, And Donor Characterization, Claire K. Muro
Further Development Of Raman Spectroscopy For Body Fluid Investigation : Forensic Identification, Limit Of Detection, And Donor Characterization, Claire K. Muro
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The challenges to forensic body fluid analysis have placed limitations on the type of information that investigators can acquire and how that information can be collected. In recent years, Raman spectroscopy has proven itself useful for characterizing body fluids. In 2008, a large-scale investigation was undertaken to explore the use of Raman spectroscopy as a means of identifying body fluids. This work resulted in multidimensional Raman spectroscopic signatures for the five main body fluids: semen, peripheral blood, saliva, vaginal fluid, and sweat. These studies were incredibly successful and created the foundation for years of continued research. Accordingly, the studies included …
Structural Characterization Of The Interactions Of Nicotinamide And Analogs With Human Sirt6 By Saturation Transfer Difference (Std) Nmr And Site Directed Mutagenesis, Beatriz Elena Bolivar-Vega
Structural Characterization Of The Interactions Of Nicotinamide And Analogs With Human Sirt6 By Saturation Transfer Difference (Std) Nmr And Site Directed Mutagenesis, Beatriz Elena Bolivar-Vega
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The allosteric regulation of SIRT6 by nicotinamide (NAM), along with the growing evidence of this enzyme's key role in the immune response, prompted the mechanistic study of SIRT6 inhibition by pyrazinamide (PZA) and analogs. In our current study, PZA, an analog of NAM, was revealed to have a modest modulatory effect on SIRT6, an enzyme that regulates the NF-κB signaling pathway at the transcriptional level (a relevant pathway to inflammation). Similarly, the analogs of PZA, 5-Cl PZA, 5-MeO PZA, and POA exhibited a modulatory effect against SIRT6 in our in vitro studies, enabling identification of a potential new target for …
Structure And Characterization Of A Class 3b Proline Utilization A: Ligand-Induced Dimerization And Importance Of The C-Terminal Domain For Catalysis, David A. Korasick, Thameesha T. Gamage, Shelbi Christgen, Kyle M. Stiers, Lesa J. Beamer, Michael T. Henzl, Donald F. Becker, John J. Tanner
Structure And Characterization Of A Class 3b Proline Utilization A: Ligand-Induced Dimerization And Importance Of The C-Terminal Domain For Catalysis, David A. Korasick, Thameesha T. Gamage, Shelbi Christgen, Kyle M. Stiers, Lesa J. Beamer, Michael T. Henzl, Donald F. Becker, John J. Tanner
Department of Chemistry: Faculty Publications
The bifunctional flavoenzyme proline utilization A (PutA) catalyzes the two-step oxidation of proline to glutamate using separate proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) and L-glutamate-y-semialdehyde dehydrogenase active sites. Because PutAs catalyze sequential reactions, they are good systems for studying how metabolic enzymes communicate via substrate channeling. Although mechanistically similar, PutAs vary widely in domain architecture, oligomeric state, and quaternary structure, and these variations represent different structural solutions to the problem of sequestering a reactive metabolite. Here, we studied PutA from Corynebacterium freiburgense (CfPutA), which belongs to the uncharacterized 3B class of PutAs.A2.7A˚ resolution crystal structure showed the canonical arrangement of PRODH, L-glutamate-y-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, …
Fortilin Binds Ire1Α And Prevents Er Stress From Signaling Apoptotic Cell Death, Matthew D. King, Owen M. Mcdougal
Fortilin Binds Ire1Α And Prevents Er Stress From Signaling Apoptotic Cell Death, Matthew D. King, Owen M. Mcdougal
Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications and Presentations
The endoplasmic reticulum, the cytoplasmic organelle that matures a massive amount of nascent secretory polypeptides, is particularly sensitive to stress. Endoplasmic reticulum stress causes unfolded proteins to populate the organelle, eliciting the unfolded protein response. During the unfolded protein response, GRP78—an endoplasmic reticulum master stress regulator—detaches from three endoplasmic reticulum stress sensors (IRE1α, PERK, and ATF6) and allows them to activate the apoptotic signaling pathway. Fortilin, a pro-survival molecule, is known to inhibit apoptosis by binding and inhibiting p53, but its role in endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced apoptosis remains unknown. Here, we report that fortilin directly interacts with the cytoplasmic domain …
Irene Joliot-Curie, Erick J. Klein
Irene Joliot-Curie, Erick J. Klein
Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations
This poster for the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College features chemist Irene Joliot-Curie, one of four women, including her mother, Marie Curie, who have won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry. Joliot-Curie, with her husband Frederic Joliot-Curie won the prize in 1935 for their discovery of artificial radioactivity.
Clozaril, Gillian Jones
Clozaril, Gillian Jones
Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations
This is a poster presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, which provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and the body's response to Clozaril (Clozapine, Fazaclo, Versacloz) an atypical antipsychotic used to manage schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder as well as bipolar disorder, dementia-related behavior disorders, and tremors.
Percy Lavon Julian, Kaitlyn M. Camp
Percy Lavon Julian, Kaitlyn M. Camp
Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations
This poster for the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College features African American chemist Percy Lavon Julian credited with the first total synthesis of physostigmine, a drug involved in the treatment of glaucoma.
Effects Of Nitrogen On Soil And Corn Yields, Doug W. Hughes
Effects Of Nitrogen On Soil And Corn Yields, Doug W. Hughes
Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations
This poster for the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College describes the effects of nitrogen on soil and corn yields. Nitrogen has a major role in establishing and maintaining optimal photosynthesis in corn plants. A comparison shows that crops with more nitrogen applied produces healthier plants. The presentation also includes ways to reduce Nitrogen loss and the impact that Nitrogen rates have on the environment, corn yield, and cost to farmers.
Prednisone, Donna K. Broderick
Prednisone, Donna K. Broderick
Natural Sciences Student Research Presentations
This poster, presented at the Natural Sciences Poster Session at Parkland College, provides the chemical makeup, dosage, and effects of Predinisone, trade name Deltasone, Apo-Prednisone, Meticorton, Orasone, Panasol, Panasal, Prenicen-M Sterapred, Winred, an adrenal corticosteroid used to treat a variety of symptoms.