Chemistry Commons^™

The Identification Of Alkyl Halides Through Their Conversion To Alkyl 3,5, Dinitrobenzoates By A Reaction Between The Alkyl Halide And The Silver Salt Of The Acid, Nicholas Michel Le Mieux

Bachelors’ Theses

In qualitative organic analysis the final test for the identification of any compound is the preparation of some solid derivative of definite molting point. For routine work it is quite essential that this derivative be easily prepared and purified.

A large number of general derivatives for classes of compounds are now commonly used, such as, the aryl sulfonyl derivatives of amines, the p-bromophenacyl and the p-bromobenzyl eaters of the acids, and the 3,5 dinitrobenzoate esters of the alcohols. However, in the identification of alkyl halides there Is no general type of derivative that possesses the above mentioned characteristics. It la …

The Saponification And Chlorine Determination Of Alkyl Chlorobenzoates To Determine Their Identity And Purity, Joan Bardele

Bachelors’ Theses

Many of the present reagents tor the preparation of alco­hol derivatives are deficient in at least one respect. A preparative investigation was made by Mr. Robert Johnson of alkyl chlorobenzoates, by substitution of benzoyl chlorides on aloohols, since various benzoyl chlorides are now available com­mercially. Mr. Johnson presented a thesis on the "Preparation of Alkyl Chlorobenzoates And Their Application As Alcohol Derivatives". As a result or his work thirty eaters previously not reported in literature were prepared and their melting points and boiling points and refractive indices determined.

In order to give an indication of the identity and purity ot …

The Preparation Of Long Chain Secondary Aliphatic Amines, Robert Fay Betts

Bachelors’ Theses

As organic chemistry has always seemed to be the most interesting study to me, I have chosen this particular branch ­ or chemistry for a thesis.

I found through correspondence with some of the larger petroleum companies in the United States that the preparation of long chain secondary amines would constitute a good thesis topic because these compounds have begun to assume importance as additives to lubricating oil.

Preparation Of 3-Methylphenanthrene, Yvonne C. Bestler

Bachelors’ Theses

The year 1929 witnessed the opening expansion of the previously small list of naturally occurring phenanthrene compounds. The new groups of substances included were as strikingly different in their actions on animal organisms as they were similar in structure.

A Modified Micro Isoteniscope For Measuring Vapor Pressure, Arthur J. Bates

Bachelors’ Theses

A survey of literature will show that the vapor pressures of many substances have not been determined. A probable reason tor this lack of available data might be that the instrumentation needed for these measurements have been quite complex and required highly skilled personnel for its performance.

Vapor-pressure measurements are important in all distillation problems and in the calculation of certain other physical properties. They are used in the correction of boiling points and in the recovery of solvents. The concen­tration of vapor in the gas phase may be regulated effectively by controlling the temperature of the liquid. Humidity conditions, …

Internal Pressure And Related Physical Properties, Eugene Ceperley

Bachelors’ Theses

What is internal pressure? That question has never been answered in a satisfactory manner. Probably the best answer is the simple statement that it is a measure of the attraction between molecules. While this is true it gives no indication of what causes the attractive force or of the effects which this attraction has on a substance.

In this thesis an attempt will be made to use this vague definition of internal pressure to find a method of calculating internal pressure using data for various physical properties. The liquid state of various substances will be considered. A relationship which holds …

Determination Of Saponification Rate By Change In Hydrogen Ion Concentration Measured With Quinhydrone And Glass Electrodes, Richard Porter

Bachelors’ Theses

The measurement or hydrogen ion concentration is becoming more important in all the fields of chemistry since the states or many chemical systems can to some extent be defined by their hydrogen ion concentration. If the hydrogen ion concentration or a particular solution can be measured accurately, in many cases other important relations and quantities may be determined. Methods or measurement are therefore important instruments or investigation.

When an ester is saponified by an alkali, the hydrogen ion concentration increases as the reaction proceeds. Thus, it the hydrogen ion concentration can be calculated at different intervals of time, some knowledge …

Attempted Separation Of Similar Ionic Species By Means Of Paper Chromatography, Alexander Beresniewicz

Bachelors’ Theses

Chromatosraphy is a comparatively new analytical method which deals mainly with the separation of similar organic compounds. Until now, only a few papers have been published on inorganic paper chromatography. Up to the present time no investigator has made a serious attempt to organize and systematize the large amount of available information in order to clarify the underlying principles.

The author has attempted to investigate the influence of the charge of similar inorganic ions on their separation. In the case of adsorption chromatography, it may generally be stated that ions with higher valence are more readily adsorbed. Such a statement …

The Application Of Qualitative Inorganic Macro Procedures And Reagents To Spot Test Analysis, John Albert Stich

Bachelors’ Theses

Qualitative inorganic analysis is that branch of applied chemistry which has to do with the systematic detection or identification, and separation of the various metals and groups of elements which make up inorganic compounds. The indentification is made on the basis of precipitates and the color changes thereof, which result when a specific reagent is added to a solution of the sample. As opposed to quantitative analysis, measurability is not the essential factor, but it must be possible to observe the reaction easily and indubitably. It is not necessary for the material being tested for to be converted completely to …

The Effect Of Metals On Yeast Activity, Warren Joseph Chamberlain

Bachelors’ Theses

The writer, having been employed in the dry yeast research laboratory of one of this country's largest yeast concerns for the past three years, is very much interested in those factors which might affect the qualities of the final dry yeast product, and has therefore made the investigations presented in this paper.

Because of the numerous pieces of metallic equipment employed in the production of yeast, the possibility of metallic contamination in the final yeast product is considerable. Thus, the investigation presented in this paper was carried out in an effort to determine just what effect various concentrations of various …

Deamination Of Certain Toluidines Through Diazotization And Decomposition Of The Diazonium Salt With Alcohol In The Presence Of Copper, Ralph E. Schaeffer

Bachelors’ Theses

Historically credit is given to Johann Peter Griess tor the discovery or diazo compounds in 1858 (8). Six years later, Griess reported that diazonium salts of benzene yield benzene when boiled with alcohol (31). At first it was thought that only hydrocarbons were formed when diazonium salts of benzene were boiled with alcohol. However, in 1870 ethyl ethers were found to be products or the reaction between diazotized chlorotoluidines and ethyl alcohol (31). Since that time much attention has been given to the factors influencing the formation of hydrocarbons or ethers as a result or the reaction between diazonium salts …

Comparison Of Worts Prepared By Action Of Malted Barley On Various Flours And Starches, Charles J. Doria

Bachelors’ Theses

The object of this thesis to compare the yields of soluble solids, reducing sugars, and proteins in worts prepared by the action of malted barley on various flours and starches. Mashes were prepared and analyses were made on worts prepared from the following:

1. White Wheat Flour

2. Whole Wheat Flour

3. Potato Flour

4. Potato Starch

5. Sweet Potato Flour

6. Oat Flour

7. Tapioca Flour

8. Corn Germ

9. Corn Germ Meal

The results obtained are presented in tabular form as well as graphically for ease in making comparisons. In addition, besides presenting the results calculated on an …

Periodic Precipitation In Capillaries, James A. Magerl

Bachelors’ Theses

Work on this problem was undertaken because of interest in periodic precipitation. It is hoped that this thesis will be able to report on a few of the substances not previously investigated that will precipitate periodically in capillaries.

The Rate Of Saponification Of Ethyl Esters Of Aliphatic Acids, Richard H. Sanborn

Bachelors’ Theses

An ester may be defined as the reaction product of an acid and an alcohol. Eaters are formed by both mineral and organic acids. The esters of the mineral acids differ widely in their physical and chemical properties because in general there is little similarity between the mineral acids. A different situation exists with the organic acid esters. These organic acids exist in groups, called homologous series, the difference between the individual acids being only the number of carbon atoms in the acid and the configuration of the carbon chain. The properties of these acids change slowly as the series …

Soft X-Rays, William F. Roherty

Bachelors’ Theses

Traditionally, radiation of those wavelengths produced by a potential of from 2 to 25kv. has been classified as "Grenz" or "soft" x-rays. The peculiar property of this radiation is its low penetrating power. While being transparent to more energetic radiation, animal tissue and similar materials are sufficiently opaque to Grenz rays as to be studied in detail. Since the radiation is of the continuous type, it can be made soft enough to reveal any object, providing, of course, that the tube window and object medium be not opaque. Soft x-rays are produced in exactly the same manner as others, except …

Certain Coordination Compound Of The Element Thallium, David Albert Hill Roethel

Bachelors’ Theses

While pursuing courses at Marquette University, my curiosity was constantly piqued by that group of elements classified as the rarer elements. Because of its somewhat unusual properties, thallium in particular aroused my interest and I decided that I should like to investigate the element further to my own satisfaction. While thallium in all its ramifications has been studied at one time or another, comparatively little work has been done upon the coordination compounds that the element forms. In 1909 a German chemist, Gewecke, did a limited amount of work with these coordination compounds but since then very little has been …

Statistical Evaluations Of Copper Determination, Waldemar A. Rosenthal

Bachelors’ Theses

In the field of applied Analytical Chemistry, where the amount of material is continually being determined, it is valuable to know whether or not the particular method in use is both accurate and precise. Basic course work in college provided the author an appreciation of numerical facts, but there always remained unanswered questions as to how these numerical facts could be employed to best represent the correct results. The difficulties were resolved by this thesis which will show how the evaluation of numerical data was considered with reference to the method used in determining the amount of copper present in …

Statistical Evaluation Of Laboratory Data Obtained From Two Methods Of Volumetric Analysis Of Titanium Compounds, Louis S. Winter

Bachelors’ Theses

Titanium at last has entered the sphere of scientific practicality and general usefulness. It has overcome its position as an orphan of chemical interest and has been showered with the foistings of many industries. With this in mind, it is soon evident that a rapid and feasible system of analysis must be set up. Titanium presents a number of problems in the field of analytics, which are seldom, if ever, encountered when dealing with the commoner elements as iron, copper and tin. The purpose here is to study two methods of determination from the many which chemists have suggested and …

Synthesis Of Tetrafluoborobenzoquinone, Clyde W. Hussmann

Bachelors’ Theses

This the sis is directed toward.a introducing the reader to the most recent advances in fluorine chemistry by briefly outlining the techniques and procedures thus far used in the synthesizing fluoroorganic compounds, and also the technical and physical limitations in using various types of fluorinating agents.

The reader will be introduced to a new form of synthesis whereby fluorine can be added to the aromatic nucleus of organic compounds that are of the hydroquinone and benzoquinone structure. The fluorine of such an addition will be part of the fluoborate radical. It is hoped that such an approach as the benzoquinone-fluoboric …

Preparation And Interesterification Of Triacetin, Billy D. Fairman

Bachelors’ Theses

This project was undertaken because of my interest in organic chemistry, especially in the field of esters. This interest was stimulated through the characterizing of an unknown ester and its reactions as studied in a previous class. At this particular time, my interest has been centered on the interchange of radicals between esters and other compounds.

It is hoped that the results obtained in this thesis will help others in their study of the interesterification of esters, especially of glyceryl triacetate - in this case, with a view toward its application the drying oil industry as a means of preparing …

X-Ray Diffraction Analysis Of Powdered Samples, William T. Gahan

Bachelors’ Theses

In the Physics laboratories of Marquette University there are two North American Phillips X-Ray Powder Diffraction Cameras. The purpose of this thesis is to place these cameras into operating order, and to check the results obtained from them. Special Telechron motors were fastened to the frame of the cameras to rotate the samples one revolution per minute, adaptable ways were machined to rest the cameras on.

The Possibility Of Mercuric Sulfide Having A Yellow Color, John Joseph Savignac

Bachelors’ Theses

The author chose this particular problem because it is directly connected with a subject which he had previously studied and found very interesting. It was also of interest to this author because the answer to the immediate problem must be definite and without qualification, thus leaving no room for ambiguity.

Electrometric Microdetermination Of Water In Tungsten And Molybdenum Metal Powders By The Karl Fischer Reagent, Helen C. Efinger

Bachelors’ Theses

The problem of the determination of the moisture content or metal powders has been suggested by the Fansteel Metallur­gical Corporation, where I was formerly employed, as one which might prove of interest to them. I have been particularly interested in a topic of this nature since my only laboratory experience has been in metallurgical chemistry.

In this work I intend to make a comparison and evaluation of various methods of determining the moisture content of tungsten and molybdenum powders in order to show which would be the most applicable. Most of the common methods for determining the amount of moisture …

The Construction And Testing Of An Ionization Chamber Designed For Use In Measuring The Roentgen Intensity Of An X-Ray Source, William F. Lindsay

Bachelors’ Theses

It was the author’s assignment for an undergraduate thesis, to construct an ionization chamber, which, when connected to a Dershem electrometer, could be used to determine the intensity of an X-ray source producing ionization within the chamber. It was desired that the chamber conform to the physical dimensions of the ionization intensity unit, commonly called the “Roentgen".

Solidified Alcohols, Mary Kay Enright

Bachelors’ Theses

The relatively new field of science, colloid chemistry, has risen to become an important addition to man's knowledge of the behavior of matter in the natural world and in the laboratory. Although it can no longer be viewed as a new science, it is still new enough to contain unexplored fields and to intrigue the investigator.

The study of gel formation has been received with interest by chemists of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This phenomenon of sudden gel formation instead of the expected crystalline precipitate while extracting with alcohol was encountered often in experimental work.

The inquisitive mind would …

An Investigation Of Haury And Ballard's Method Of Production Of Diketones As Applied To Diketones With Aromatic Nuclei, Eugene Chester Dziadulewicz

Bachelors’ Theses

This investigation was undertaken to determine the feasibility of preparing aromatic diketones by the new and novel method proposed by Haury and Ballard.

An Experimental Investigation Of The Alac Processes For The Volumetric Determination Of Phosphates, Gilbert O. Isaacson

Bachelors’ Theses

At present, the best method for the quantitative determination of phosphates is the long gravimetric procedure known as the phospho-molybdate method. Theoretically, a volumetric method using alkalimetry and acidimetry techniques should be applicable. The work reported in the following pages represents an attempt to apply this theory, and thereby greatly facilitate quantitative analysis f or this class of compounds.

The Preparation Of Ammonium Tetrachloro Diiodo Stannate, Stanley M. Polewski

Bachelors’ Theses

The commercial application of mixed halogen compounds in comparison to that of mono-halogen compounds is very limited. It is probably for this reason that the amount of work done in the attempt to prepare mixed halogen compounds has been very small. The author has tried, in a small way, to help fill this large gap by attempting to prepare the compound, ammonium tetrachloro diiodo stannate.

A Study Of Alcoholysis Using Methyl Esters And Tall Oil, Raymond Martin Frey

Bachelors’ Theses

One of the Easiest ways of preparing new esters is by heating an ester with another alcohol which frequently permits transfer of the acid radical from the original ester to the added alcohol, thous forming a new ester and liberating the other alcohol. Preparation of triglycerides of unsaturated fatty acids of 18 carbon atoms is hampered by the fact that prolonged heating in the usual ester formation methods causes both polymerization and condensation among acid radicals unless oxygen is carefully excluded from the reaction atmosphere. Consequently a method of acid interchange might afford the triglycerides at a faster rate and …

Solid Reactions: The Influence Of Temperature And Concentration, Norman H. Kowert

Bachelors’ Theses

Reactions are constantly taking place all around us. They are the basis of chemistry. Without reactions, there could be no change, and, therefore, no chemistry. Most reactions can be easily visualized; as, for instance, when two liquids are mixed together, or two gases, or a gas and a liquid. When reactions between these substances take place, we take it as a matter of course. There is another type of reaction, however, which does take place, but which is not easily visualized. This is the reaction between two solid substances. Due in part to the nature of solids, their crystalline form, …