Chemistry Commons^™

A Colorimetric Quantitative Determination Of Aliphatic And Aromatic Nitro Compounds, George J. Kamin

Bachelors’ Theses

Becker and Shaefer mention that the qualitative test for nitro groups devised by Davidson could possibly be developed into a suitable quantitative test. It is the purpose of this work to attempt such an adaptation. This attempt is not one to develop a true speculative technique, but rather to derive a technique which could be of value in industrial usage, where time and money demand inexpensive rapid methods, which yield reasonable accuracy.

Amperometric Titrations Using A Rotating Platinum-Wire Electrode, James E. Buckley

Bachelors’ Theses

This thesis is an outgrowth of a desire to do precise analytical work with the use of an instrument that would be simple to operate and yet give reproducible results. It is based largely on a method of precipitation titration in those solutions where an internal indicator could not be used feasible because the concentration of the desirable ion was either to low, or the solution too turbid.

My choice of using the platinum microelectrode in these titrations was based on the fact that this electrode could be easily assembled, and take little effort to maintain. It also is advantageous …

Rapid Method For The Paper Chromatographic Separation Of Amino Acids In Urine, John J. Magruder

Bachelors’ Theses

In the study of rapid analytical procedures, the author became interested in the field of chromatography. The difficulty of making rapid determinations of minute quantities of the amino acids led to this investigation of paper chromatography. The source of amino acids used in this work are the free amino acids contained in human urine. The rapidity of determining the amino acids was the critical interest in this work. Two-dimensional and circular chromatograms were both investigated to determine which method was the better suited to accomplish the rapid separation of the amino acids.

Various Ways Of Preventing The Formation Of Scale In Sea Water Evaporators, James M. Stanek

Bachelors’ Theses

Previous work carried out at Marquette University has proved that the formation of scale in sea water evaporators can be prevented if such things as dehydrated alfalfa foliage or dehydrated corn, oats, peas, and grass foliage are added to the feed sea water. It has also been proved that the maturity of the plant from which the corn foliage has been stripped varies the scale preventing ability of the foliage, and that the storing of the corn foliage increases its scale preventing ability. The object of this work is to determine what effect the combination of various types of stainless …

Paper Partition Chromatography: A Qualitative Method For Separating The Amino Acid Residue Of Hydrolyzed Hordein, Samuel D. Toner

Bachelors’ Theses

In the search for a new analytical procedure the author became interested in the field of paper chromatography, and especially in its relation to the study of amino acids. The source of amino acids used in this work was selected from the alcohol-soluble hordein fraction of barley. Special attention was given to obtaining more rapid separation of the amino acids on two-dimensional paper chromatograms.

A Statistical Evaluation Of Various Determinations Of Germanium, Kenneth William Bartz

Bachelors’ Theses

Germanium first came to the author's attention under the heading of "A Study of the Excited States of Matter." The various and diverse, not to mention peculiar properties of this element aroused my interest. But upon further studying of this unusual element my concern switched from its properties to the methods of analysis. It is the purpose of this paper to discuss and correlate the numerous and varied analytical determinations. However, actual determinations are limited to instrumental procedures only.

For the evaluation and interpretation of the date, Statistical Analysis is used. The author's qualification in Statistical Analysis include a year …

Corrosion Studies Of Pentachlorophenol, Robert F. Uhen

Bachelors’ Theses

The author’s interest in the field of corrosion was stimulated through the study of the basic metals in inorganic chemistry, and also through his contact with metals while working in the Heat Treating Department of a local manufacturing company.

A Polarographic Investigation Of The Simultaneous Determination Of Lead, Cobalt, And Manganese Found As Dryers In Paints, Michael Anthony Sweet

Bachelors’ Theses

In recent years, the field of instrumental methods of chemical analysis has been rapidly growing and expanding in every branch of chemistry. At the same time, more modern scientific methods have been replacing older classical methods of formulation in the paint industry. Thus it seems that a combination of the two would prove to be a definite impetus to both the paint industry and the field of instrumental analysis.

A general liking for the surface coatings industry combined with a curiosity of the potentialities of instrumental analysis induced this student to undertake the particular problem of this thesis. First hand …

A Preliminary Study Of Scale Prevention In Sea Water Evaporators By Various Dehydrated Grasses, Basil H. Tannel

Bachelors’ Theses

Although water is relatively abundant throughout the World, it presents a unique and interesting problem when considered in the light or Chemistry with its many and varied applications. One of these problems had its' incipience with the invention of Watt's steam engine. In short, it was the formation of scale in the boiler preventing an efficient heat transfer.

The Determination Of Chlorine In Alkyl Chlorobenzoates To Establish Their Identity And Purity, Clifford R. Berres

Bachelors’ Theses

Four years ago an investigation began at Marquette University with the purpose of determining the value of alkyl chlorobenzoates as derivatives for alcohols in characterization work. The outcome of this initial investigation was the preparation of thirty compounds previously unreported in the literature, namely, the methyl through decyl, nonyl excepted, ortho- and para-chlorobenzoates, and 2,4 and 3,4 dichlorobenzoates. The method of preparation and physical constants of these compounds were determined by Mr. Robert Johnson who presented a thesis on the "Preparation of Alkyl Chlorobenzoates and Their Application as Alcohol Derivatives" in June, 1949.

A continuance of this investigation was undertaken …

The Analysis Of Brass And Bronze For Aluminum, Gordon Kenneth Gregory

Bachelors’ Theses

The problem of the analysis of brass and bronze for aluminum is one that has received the attention of analytical chemists for decades. The problem was originally proposed to me by Mr. H.E. Gregory of the American Brass Company. Since there appears to be no direct way of determining aluminum in brass and bronze, this thesis will concern itself with a comparison of four methods of determination with emphasis on their relative advantages and disadvantages. The gathering and arranging of the steps in the methods were done by the author, although the steps themselves have been described in chemical literature.

Separation Of Amines And Alkanolamines By Means Of Paper Partition Chromatography, Kenneth A. Waehner

Bachelors’ Theses

The amines may be regarded as derivatives of the hydrocarbons in which a hydrogen atom has been replaced by an amino group; or as derivatives of ammonia in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by alkyl groups. They may be classified according to structure as primary (R-NH2), secondary (¾-NH) and tertiary (R3-N) amines. In a similar way, ammonium halides or hydroxides may have one or more hydrogen atoms of the ammonium group replaced by alkyl groups to give alkylammonium, dialkylammonium, trialkylammonium and tetraalkylammonium halides or hydroxides.

The Separation Of Ethylene Diamine, Morpholine, And M-Toluidine By Means Of Paper Chromatography, Domenick S. Bruno

Bachelors’ Theses

"No other discovery has exerted as great an influence and widened the .field of investigation of the organic chemist as much as Tswett's discovery. or Chromatographic Adsorption Analysis 1n 1906".

In 1910 Tswett's comprehensive work "Chromophylls in the Plant and Animal World" was published. Tswett's fundamental experiments consisted or extracting the color from dried leaves with petroleum ether. He poured the extract through a compressed column or finely powdered calcium carbonate. The column was attached to a filter flask and the solution drawn through. He found that the apparently homogeneous pigment separated into colored bands along the column as the …

Preparation Of Vanillic Acid And Some Of Its Metallic Salts, Elaine A. Dittmar

Bachelors’ Theses

Very little work has been done with vanillic acid and its derivatives since the time when the acid was first synthesized. There are usually good reasons why compounds showing such important properties as food preservatives have lain idle for over seventy-five years. It is of great. interest to know the reasons behind this idleness and also to attempt to prepare some of the derivatives heretofore unreported.

This is the purpose for which this thesis has been written; that a little more knowledge will be contributed to a relatively virgin field. Submitted are the preparation of vanillic acid and some of …

Phase Diagram: Sulfur In Beta-Phenylethyl Bromide, Robert L. Kling

Bachelors’ Theses

In this work I wish to apply the phase rule to a particular mixture of sulfur in beta-phenylethylbromide. Through experimental data it will be shown how various concentrations change the temperature in the phases or what the temperature is for various concentrations of sulfur in the solvent beta-phenylethylbromide.

The Effect Of Riboflavin, Nicotinic Acid, And Thiamine On The Lipolytic Action Of Pancreatic Lipase, John G. Georgatsos

Bachelors’ Theses

The writer became especially interested in vitamins and enzymes during the course in the chemistry of Nutrition. To a person that has not studied them close enough the enzymes and the vitamins would seem to be miracle substances rather than chemical entities governed by laws. It was during that period that I made up my mind to study the Interrelation existing between the enzymes and the vitamins when the time would come for me to write a thesis. For this reason it is my pleasure to express my deepest appreciation to Dr. John R. Koch, Director of the Chemistry Department …

The Rate Of Hydrolysis Of Ethyl-Α-Β-Dibromopropionate, Earl Ney

Bachelors’ Theses

Experimentation on the rate of hydrolysis of esters is preceded only by the rate of inversion of cane sugar started by Wilhemy in 1850. However, work on ester hydrolysis soon took the stage in preference as the reaction most favorable to the study of reaction rates. Ostwald's work on the rate of hydrolysis of ethyl acetate in 1884 was the first monumental work and experimentation then proceeded so rapidly that in 1889 Arrhenius' theory of hydrogen ion catalysis and later the dissociation theory itself was born and nursed. Yes, nursed by many more ester hydrolysis experiments which built up such …

Separation Of The Alkaline Earth Group By Means Of Paper Chromatography, Robert J. Martinovich

Bachelors’ Theses

Since chromatography is beginning more and more to find its place in industry as an analytical tool, the author became interested in its theoretical and practical applications. This thesis was one phase of a project begun by Dr. John G. Surak, to introduce this type of analysis to the freshmen chemistry classes as a supplementary procedure to their regular methods.

A Statistical Comparison Of The Standard And The Modified Karl Fischer Reagents For Moisture Determination In Certain Compounds, Lowell E. Williams

Bachelors’ Theses

The Karl Fischer reagent may be used for the direct titration of water in liquids, solids, and gases, of either organic or inorganic compounds. Literature shows that the accurate determination of water is quite practical in nearly all classes of organic compounds. Unlike most of the other techniques, which usually are limited in applicability, the Fischer procedure may be adapted readily to quantitative analysis of samples, whose water content may vary from traces to nearly 100 per cent. The reagent, however, has a shortcoming, namely, it deteriorates rapidly. It has recently been suggested that if a two solution procedure were …

Separation Of The Ions Of Groups Iiia And Iiib By Means Of Paper Chromatography, Norman Leffler

Bachelors’ Theses

Since chromatography, In view of its ever increasing importance, may some day largely replace the more traditional methods of qualitative analysis, this research has been aimed not only toward the establishment of a scheme of separation for the ions of group III, but also toward presenting and applying the theoretical principles and basic techniques of this comparatively young branch of analytical science.

The Determination Of Moisture In Active Dry Yeast, Richard F. Fenske

Bachelors’ Theses

The writer, having been employed for the past three years, in the control laboratory of one of this country's largest yeast concerns, is very much interested in the determination of moisture in active dry yeast and has there­ tore made the investigation presented in this paper.

The moisture content is, of critical importance in the production of active dry yeast. A yeast whose moisture content is too low will have poor baking characteristics while a yeast whose moisture content is too high will have poor keeping quality. Inconsistent results have been obtained by using various methods to determine the moisture …

The Peroxide Numbers Of Vegetable Oils, Robert J. Bruce

Bachelors’ Theses

A survey of the literature will indicate that the peroxide numbers of fats and oils are of importance in ii many industries. The dairy, fish oil, vegetable oil, and meat processing industries all have use for peroxide number determinations. as a measure of the degree of rancidity of their products. The paint industry has used it in the study of protective coatings, and the textile industry has used it in the study of the lubrication of fibers. All of these uses were applied to the study of partial oxidation of the samples under consideration.

Since the various methods in use …

Separation Of The Inorganic Cations Of Groups Ii And Ila By Means Of Paper Chromatography, Donald P. Schuelter

Bachelors’ Theses

The field of inorganic paper chromatography is in its infancy at the present time. Numerous papers have been published describing various methods for separation and hypothesis for the mechanism of the separations. Since the number of variables involved in chromatographic separations is so large it is rather difficult to establish any concrete principles. Many phases of the separations and their effects have been investigated but only too often they yield conflicting data. Up to the present time the majority of authors have confined their studies to a particular solvent and grade of filter paper.

The Identification Of Various Halogen Compounds Through Formation Of Quaternary Ammonium Salts, Kenneth E. Miller

Bachelors’ Theses

When, in the process of characterizing an organic compound, the compound has been definitely placed in one certain class, such as acids or alcohols, and all but a certain number of the compounds in the class have been eliminated by physical constants or functional groups, the final step is the preparation of suitable derivatives. If, however, the unknown falls into a class of compounds of such chemical nature that preparation of deriyatives is impossible, or, at the least, difficult, then the identification must depend entirely upon physical constants. This is frequency the case with alkyl halides. They must be identified …

Studies On Derivatives Of 3-Ethylphenanthrene, Eugene R. Miller

Bachelors’ Theses

The following thesis was undertaken to study the derivatives of 3 etbyl-phenanthrene. The problem was undertaken to familiarize the author with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons and the various reactions and unit processes which are involved in the synthesis or these derivatives. It is hoped that the experience gained in pursuing the objective of this thesis will provide a background which may prove valuable in future work tor an advanced degree and ultimately help to secure a position in some phase of research work dealing with biological compounds containing the phenanthrene configuration in its nucleus.

Phenol-Aldehyde-Condensation Synthesis Of A Possible Gerxioide And Fungioide, Bis(4-Fluoro-2-Hydroxyphenyl) Methane, Erwin A. Stern

Bachelors’ Theses

The successful synthesis of chlorinated and brominated dihydroxydlphenylmethanes during the last ten years and their use as germicides and fungicides coupled with the known effect of fluorine and alkyl groups upon phenol, warranted the attempted synthesis of fluorinated and alkylated dihydroxydiphenylmethanee . It is the purpose of this thesis to attempt the synthesis of fluorinated and alkylated dihydroxydiphenylmethanee for purposes of their use as germicides and fungicides.

Benzoylation Studies With A Compound Reported To Be Benzoyl Acid Sulfate And Analytical Studies On The Sample, Robert J. Peanasky

Bachelors’ Theses

A very valuable reagent in organic characterization work is benzoyl chloride. By interacting benzoyl chloride with any one of the general classes of compounds termed phenols, alcohols, and amines, solid and very satisfactory derivatives are usually produced. However, the action of this compound occurs rather slowly and the operator, unless especially careful, suffers from the lachrimatory effects of the reagent, benzoyl chloride. A sample was submitted to my major professor, Dr. C. R. Haymaker, by Gene LaFave who claimed that it was benzoyl acid sulfate. This compound was a solid not difficult to manipulate in contradistinction to the lachrimatory liquid …

The Synthesis Of 3-Ethyl-9-Acetylphenanthrene, Elizabeth R. Bender

Bachelors’ Theses

In 1929 , there was recognized a relatively small number of naturally occurring phenanthrene compounds as compared with those known today. These compounds include several groups of substances which are as strikingly similar in structure as they are different in their actions on the animal organism. For instance, the structure of the sterols and bile acids contain the perhydrocyclopentenophenanthrene ring system. Upon later research, it was found that the sex hormones and cardiac glycosides (heart poisons secreted by toads) have a structure very similar to this system. They are all derivatives of cyclopentenophenanthrene.

The Viscosities Of Mixtures Of Naturally Occurring Waxes And Oils At Various Temperatures, Edward L. Gavin

Bachelors’ Theses

The values of the viscosities of waxes, and of the viscosities of oils at various temperatures are numerous in the literature, but there is nothing to be found regarding the viscosities of oil and wax mixtures. Dr. John R. Koch, professor of chemistry, Marquette University, pointed out the lack of such information. It is with this in mind that this thesis was undertaken.

A Study Of The Equilibrium Distribution Of A Solute Between Two Immiscible Solvents, Francis A. Smith

Bachelors’ Theses

Because of the wide application of Distribution Law, for it should hold for the distribution of a dissolved substance between any two phases, for instance, liquid-liquid, gas-liquid, liquid-solid, and so forth, this subject was choosen for further investigation. The tendency for a solute to distribute itself between two immiscible solvents, so that the concentration ratio is a constant, is a direct consequence of the thermodynamic requirements for equilibrium. The reactions of various organic and inorganic acids distributed between water and several organic solvents will be studied.