Chemistry Commons^™

Toward Synthesizing A Selective Dopamine Binding Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent, Judy Lau

Senior Honors Projects

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive diagnostic methodology used to provide a two-dimensional view of an internal organ or structure, especially the brain and spinal cord. Magnetic resonance contrast agents are usually injected into necessary parts of the body prior to imaging to increase the differences between different tissues or between normal and abnormal tissue, making it easier for a radiologist or doctor to interpret the image that is taken. The development of new and more efficient, effective, and selective contrast agents for various biological processes or chemicals is a growing field of research and study. My project allowed …

Secondary N-Nitrosocarbamate Anions: Structure And Alkylation Reactions. A Dft Study, Vladimir Benin

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The current article reports theoretical studies (DFT: B3LYP/6-31+G(d)) on the structure and alkylation reactions of the anions of some secondary N-nitrosocarbamates, a class of ambident nucleophiles whose chemistry has been little explored. Several anions (1–4), with an increasing size of the carbamate alkyl (aryl) group were investigated, in an attempt to establish the influence of the size of that group on the thermal stability and regioselectivity of alkylation of the title anions. The conclusion is that thermal stability and the mode of reaction are affected significantly only in the presence of very large and branched carbamate groups. The thermal …

9-Ethyl-3-(9h-9-Ethyl­Carbazol-3-Yl)-4-Nitro­-9h-Carbazole, Erol Asker, John Masnovi

Chemistry Faculty Publications

In the mol­ecule of the title compound, C₂₈H₂₃N₃O₂, the nitro group is almost perpendicular to the carbazole ring to which it is attached. The crystal packing is determined by C—H⋯O and π–π inter­actions, where the nitrated carbazole ring of one mol­ecule associates in a shifted parallel planar orientation with the centrosymmetrically related non-nitrated carbazole ring of a neighbouring mol­ecule.

Bis(9-Ethyl­Carbazol-3-Yl)Ethane, Erol Asker, John Masnovi

Chemistry Faculty Publications

In the title compound, C₃₀H₂₈N₂, each carbazole skeleton is essentially planar. The planes of the two carbazole ring systems are nearly parallel, with a dihedral angle of 2.33 (19)°. The crystal packing is stabilized only by van der Waals forces and weak C—H⋯π inter­actions.

Composition Ot Glvceride Esters Of Lauric Acid Bv Ftir Band Shape Analysis, Deniz P. Wong, Modesto Tan Chua, Erwin P. Enriquez

Chemistry Faculty Publications

Synthesis of glyceride esters of a fatty acid produces a mixture of isomers that are difficult to separate and analyze, requiring high temperature GC in most cases particularly for long-chain esters. In this paper, we present a fast estimation of the composition of the glyceride esters of lauric acid and glycerol (monolaurin, dilaurin, and trilaurin) by FTIR band shape analysis. The method uses the fact that the carbonyl stretching regions of the pure glycerides have differentband shapes, which implies any composite band of a mixture of glycerides may be resolved into the component peaks due to each glyceride. The carbonyl …

Synthesis Of Aspernigrin A, Erica Joerger

Undergraduate Theses and Capstone Projects

Aspernigrin A is a compound correlated with inhibiting the growth of cancer cells in the colon. A five-step synthesis was designed for aspernigrin A, projected to yield four intermediates and the final product. The intermediates were analyzed by high field 1HNMR and FT-IR spectroscopy before proceeding to the next step. A model pyridone ring system was successfully prepared from a commercially available pyrone precursor in two steps. These results provide a proof of concept that the synthetic scheme should successfully yield the natural product.

9,9′-Diethyl-3,3′-Di-9h-Carbazol­Yl, Erol Asker, John Masnovi

Chemistry Faculty Publications

In the title compound, C₂₈H₂₄N₂, the carbazole ring systems are essentially planar to within 0.076 (3) Å. The dihedral angle between the planes of the ring systems is 40.38 (4)°. The contribution of inter­molecular π–π inter­actions to the mol­ecular stacking is observed.

Bis(9-Ethyl­Carbazol-3-Yl)Methane, Erol Asker, John Masnovi

Chemistry Faculty Publications

In the title compound, C₂₉H₂₆N₂, the carbazole ring systems are essentially planar. There is no indication of π–π interactions in the crystal structure, adjacent carbazole groups being non-parallel.

Scanning Probe Microscopy And Oxidation Of Silicon At Breakdown Voltages, Thabo Gcwabaza

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The growing importance of Scanning Probe Microscopy (SPM) as a tool for nanofabrication is opening many avenues in lithography nano-science. One type of Scanning Probe Lithography involves electrochemistry at the tip/substrate interface. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) with conductive tips and substrates was used in our study to both pattern and image those patterns on silicon substrates. Our long-term objective is to design and fabricate micron-scale patterns of nanometer sized spots on silicon chips that can serve as attachment sites for DNA based nano-arrays. In order to fabricate such substrates a study of the underlying electrochemistry was required. A most promising …

Design And Implementation Strategies For Peer-Led Team Learning In Organic Chemistry, Stephen K. Manu

Capstone Research Projects

Peer-Led Team Learning (PLTL), which initially began as an effort to improve undergraduate chemistry education, has shown the potential to improve learning among college students in all disciplines. The model applies the desired qualities of teamwork to learning. This project is aimed at designing and setting up a PLTL Workshop at Southern Adventist University (SAU). Nine students currently taking organic chemistry at SAU volunteered to participate in the project. In order to determine the effectiveness of the project, test scores were collected and analyzed for any apparent trends, and an end-of-semester survey was conducted. The results indicate that the program …

A Molecular Salt Of Tricyanomethanide Anion And A N,N9- Dianisylphenazinium Dication: Cooperative Affects Of Methoxy…Methoxy And Cmn…N+ Intermolecular Contacts, Scott E. Mckay, Kraig A. Wheeler, Silas C. Blackstock

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

A molecular salt of tricyanomethanide anion and a N,N9- dianisylphenazinium dication forms extended supramolecular assemblies that consist of unusual methoxy…methoxy and CMN…N+ intermolecular contacts.

Projects That Assist With Content In A Traditional Organic Chemistry Course, John J. Esteb, John R. Magers, Luanne Mcnulty, Anne M. Wilson

Scholarship and Professional Work - LAS

Projects that engage undergraduate students in content-based courses, such as organic chemistry, must relate to the material and provide useful tools for the divergent needs of the students. There are few examples of these types of projects in the literature. Herein, we describe two projects, the reaction notebook and the end-of-semester synthesis activity. Each project is designed to stimulate student ownership of the material and leads to engagement with the content of the course.

Nanodot-Based Organic Memory Devices, Zhengchun Liu

Doctoral Dissertations

In this study, resistor-type, diode-type, and transistor-type organic memory devices were investigated, aiming at the low-cost plastic integrated circuit applications. A series of solution-processing techniques including spin-coating, inkjet printing, and self-assembly were employed to fabricate these devices.

The organic resistive memory device is based on a novel molecular complex film composed of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and a soluble methanofullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). It has an Al/molecules/Al sandwich structure. The molecular layer was formed by spin-coating technique instead of expensive vacuum deposition method. The current-voltage characteristics show that the device switches from the initial 'low' conduction state to …

Spirobicyclic Diamines 2: Synthesis Of Homochiral Diastereoisomeric Proline Derived [4,4]-Spirolactams, Fintan Kelleher, Sinead Kelly

Articles

L-Proline derived diastereoisomeric [4.4]-spirolactams have been prepared by a reductive-amination reaction of (R)- or (S)-alanine methyl ester followed by thermal cyclisation of the resulting amine onto the proline ester group in refluxing toluene. Under similar conditions (R)- or (S)-phenylalanine methyl ester gave no cyclisation products, while R- or S-a-methylbenzylamine required treatment with NaNH₂ in refluxing toluene to induce cyclisation giving diastereoisomeric [4.4]-spirolactams

Development Of A Calix[4]Arene Sensor For Soft Metals Based On Nitrile Functionality, Benjamin Schazmann, Dermot Diamond

Articles

The current work is amongst the first to examine the potential usefulness of the nitrile functional group in potentiometric analytical sensors for soft metals. Nitrile functionality has hereby been incorporated into a calix[4]arene skeleton to give a series of new cation selective hosts. The analytical sensing behaviour of these hosts was examined by Ion Selective Electrode (ISE) based potentiometry. In all cases a preference for soft metals was observed, explained primarily in terms of soft–soft compatibility between calix[4]arene nitrile hosts and metal guests in combination with a classical ‘lock and key’ best fit mechanism. Hosts 2, 3 and 4 showed …

Preparation Of Some Substituted Terephthalic Acids, Susanna Branion, Vladimir Benin

Chemistry Faculty Publications

We report in detail the preparation of two substituted terephthalic acids: 2‐sulfomethylterephthalic acid (1) and 2‐phosphonoterephthalic acid (2). Efficient, short syntheses have been developed for both compounds. They are potentially useful monomers for construction of acid‐pendant polymer chains.

Preparation, Characterization And Dft Studies Of Some New N-Nitrosocarbamates And N-Nitrosoureas, Ragavan Narayanan, Helene Hedian, Eric Shamo, Vladimir Benin

Chemistry Faculty Publications

We are presenting the preparation, characterization and density functional theory (DFT) studies {B3LYP/6-31+G(d)) of several reiated classes of N-nitrosocarbamates and N-nitrosoureas. The iong-range goal is the design and preparation of compounds, which would undergo photochemical or hydrolytic decomposition, to yield stabilized cyclic cations that can serve as alkylating agents at various nucleophilic centers, including DNA bases.

Solubilisation, Purification And Processing Of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Organic Molecules, Theresa Hedderman

Doctoral

The aims of this research are seven fold; • To enhance the solubility of SWNTs in organic solvents. • To purify an untreated sample of SWNTs that contains many side products. • To gain a greater understanding of the interaction between the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and SWNTs. • To debundle and disperse SWNTs. • To select SWNTs of a specific structure based on the structures of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons used. • To observe and compare the interaction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with SWNTs produced by different methods. • To elucidate factors which contribute to different degrees of interaction between …

Density Functional Studies Of The Structure And Bonding In Piano Stool Carbene Complexes, John P. Graham, Robbie Davis

Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Synthesis Of Glycosylamides And Carbohydrate Fused Heterocycles, Michael De Castro

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

.

A Chloride Selective Calix[4]Arene Optical Sensor Combining Urea Functionality With Pyrene Excimer Transduction, Benjamin Schazmann, Dermot Diamond

Articles

A neutral 2-site chloride selective compound has been developed (3), based on a 1,3- alternate tetrasubstituted calix[4]arene providing a preorganised supramolecular scaffold. The resultant supramolecular cavity is amongst the first to combine urea functional groups bridged with single methylene spacers to pyrene moieties. It combines a naturally and synthetically proven H-bonding system with the elegant ratiometric fluorescent signalling properties of an intramolecular pyrene excimer system, triggered by conformational changes upon anion coordination. The excimer emission of 3 is quenched, with a simultaneous rise in the monomer emission solely by the chloride anion amongst a wide variety of anions tested. 3 …

11,12-Bis(2,2-Dimethyl­Prop­Yl)-9,10-Dihydro-9,10-Ethenoanthracene, Joseph P. Herres, Mark A. Forman, Kraig A. Wheeler

Faculty Research and Creative Activity

The title compound, C26H32, was retrieved as one of three products from the reaction of tert-butyl­lithium with 11,12-dimethyl­ene-9,10-dihydro­ethenoanthracene and 4,5-diiodo­penta­cyclo­[4.3.0.02,4.03,8.05,7]nonane. The structure shows the expected ethenoanthracene geometry with mol­ecules arranged via van der Waals surfaces.

Development And Application Of A Gg-Irms Reductive Pyrolysis Reactor Interface For The Δ34S Determination Of Sulfur In Individual Organic Compounds, N. Deborah Hewlett

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses & Dissertations

The incorporation of sulfur into sedimentary organic matter is an important aspect of organic carbon preservation. A better understanding of the sulfur cycle and the formation of organo-sulfur compounds are necessary if we are to better understand the interaction of biogeochemical cycles of C, N, O, H. and S. Currently, the determination of ³⁴S/³²S in organic matter is limited to bulk organic samples. The sulfur isotopic analysis of individual organo-sulfur compounds within the sediments should allow for a more complete understanding of the sulfur cycle and the processes which lead to sulfur incorporation into organic matter. This …

1,3-Bis(9-Ethyl­Carbazol-3-Yl)Propane, Erol Asker, John Masnovi

Chemistry Faculty Publications

In the title compund, C₃₁H₃₀N₂, π–π overlap is absent in the region where carbazole groups of two adjacent mol­ecules are inclined toward each other. The eth­yl groups which protrude from the plane of the carbazole groups and the alkyl­ene chain connecting the two carbazole groups are responsible for the poor mol­ecular stacking.

Cell Toxicology Study Of Rrr-Alpha-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate (Tpgs)., Clarisse Sornsay Muenyi

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research focused on the cytotoxic properties of RRR-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate (TPGS) in transformed and cancerous cell lines. We used RAW264.7 macrophage and prostate cancer (LNCaP) cell lines in this study. TPGS caused cell death and decreased cell viability in a dose and time dependent manner. Cell death was evaluated fluorimetrically by employing the nucleic acid-binding fluorophore; propidium iodide. A colorimetric 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Cell death can occur through necrosis or apoptosis. Our results suggested that TPGS triggered apoptotic cell death. Induction of apoptosis, as measured by caspase …

Cell Toxicity And Uptake Of Rrr-Alpha-Tocopheryl Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Succinate (Tpgs) By Various Cell Ines In Vitro., Christelle Komguem Kamga

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This research focused on investigating and comparing the cytotoxicity and cellular uptake of RRR-alpha-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate (TPGS, with that of alpha-tocopheryl succinate (α-TS). Both TPGS and α-TS are water-soluble forms of vitamin E with important clinical applications. Cytotoxicity assays with RAW 264.7 and LNCaP cells incubated overnight with TPGS or α-TS at concentrations ≥ 12.4 μM suggest that α-TS is more cytotoxic than TPGS. Macrophages were found to be more sensitive than LNCaP cells when treated with similar concentrations of α-TS. For both cell lines, most of the TPGS or α-TS taken up remained esterified after 24 hours. Our …

Alternative Assay Techniques For Protein Kinase A, Justin Brink

Honors Capstones

Capstone submitted as a graduation requirement for the BSU Honors Program.

Synthesis Of Novel Alkaline Earth Metal Acetylides, Eva Baker

Renée Crown University Honors Thesis Projects - All

Acetylide complexes of the heavy alkaline-earth metals were first introduced by our group. With our group being interested in how the ligand and donor affect the structural chemistry of the resulting complexes, my project was focused on the detailed analysis of past work and the extension towards new ligand and donor sets. The work required the analysis and development of synthetic procedures towards these highly reactive species.

Past synthetic work in our group had established several synthetic routes towards the target compounds including transamination and toluene elimination. Using toluene elimination, I was able to reproduce the synthesis of M(C≡CSiPh_{3 …}

Synthesis, Structural Studies And Desilylation Reactions Of Some N-2-(Trimethylsilyl)Ethyl-N-Nitrosocarbamates, Arpitha Thakkalapally, Vladimir Benin

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The present report describes the preparation and characterization of several N-2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl-N-nitrosocarbamates, designed as precursors to thermally unstable secondary N-nitrosocarbamate anions via fluoride-assisted cleavage. X-ray structural studies demonstrate that the core N-nitrosocarbamate moiety has a nearly planar geometry, with an s-E orientation at the N–N bond. DFT calculations (B3LYP/6-31+G(d)) reproduce accurately the structural features of the title compounds and detailed conformational analysis at the same level of theory addresses the long-standing issue of preferred geometries for three classes of related structures: N-nitrosocarbamates, N-nitrosoureas and N-nitrosoamides. Desilylation studies demonstrate that both the …

Aldol Reactions: E-Enolates And Anti-Selectivity, Matthew Grant Anderson

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

A common structural motif in complicated natural product molecules is an alkyl group at an alpha position to a carbonyl and an alcohol at the beta position anti to each other. This arrangement occurs in bioactive molecules that are important for medical research such as spongistatin A at the C15-C16 position and in (-)-baconipyrone C at C12-C13. Bioactive molecules such as these generally occur in such a low concentration in the organism in which they originate that deriving them from the natural source for research is not practical so efficient syntheses are sought. Reactions that produce 1,2 syn aldol products …