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Full-Text Articles in Chemistry

Seeing Eye To Eye? Comparing Faculty And Student Perceptions Of Biomolecular Visualization Assessments, Josh T. Beckham, Daniel R. Dries, Bonnie L. Hall, Rarchel M. Mitton-Fry, Shelly Engelman, Charmita Burch, Roderico Acevedo, Pamela S. Mertz, Didem Vardar-Ulu, Swati Agrawal, Kristin M. Fox, Shane Austin, Margaret A. Franzen, Henry V. Jakubowski, Walter R. P. Novak, Rebecca Roberts, Alberto I. Roca, Kristen Procko Jan 2024

Seeing Eye To Eye? Comparing Faculty And Student Perceptions Of Biomolecular Visualization Assessments, Josh T. Beckham, Daniel R. Dries, Bonnie L. Hall, Rarchel M. Mitton-Fry, Shelly Engelman, Charmita Burch, Roderico Acevedo, Pamela S. Mertz, Didem Vardar-Ulu, Swati Agrawal, Kristin M. Fox, Shane Austin, Margaret A. Franzen, Henry V. Jakubowski, Walter R. P. Novak, Rebecca Roberts, Alberto I. Roca, Kristen Procko

Chemistry Faculty Publications

While visual literacy has been identified as a foundational skill in life science education, there are many challenges in teaching and assessing biomolecular visualization skills. Among these are the lack of consensus about what constitutes competence and limited understanding of student and instructor perceptions of visual literacy tasks. In this study, we administered a set of biomolecular visualization assessments, developed as part of the BioMolViz project, to both students and instructors at multiple institutions and compared their perceptions of task difficulty. We then analyzed our findings using a mixed-methods approach. Quantitative analysis was used to answer the following research questions: …


Treatment Of Oil Refinery Wastewater Polluted By Heavy Metal Ions Via Adsorption Technique Using Non-Valuable Media: Cadmium Ions And Buckthorn Leaves As A Study Case, Salem Jawad Alhamd, Mohammed Nsaif Abbas, Mehrdad Manteghian, Thekra Atta Ibrahim, Karar Dawood Salman Jarmondi Jan 2024

Treatment Of Oil Refinery Wastewater Polluted By Heavy Metal Ions Via Adsorption Technique Using Non-Valuable Media: Cadmium Ions And Buckthorn Leaves As A Study Case, Salem Jawad Alhamd, Mohammed Nsaif Abbas, Mehrdad Manteghian, Thekra Atta Ibrahim, Karar Dawood Salman Jarmondi

Karbala International Journal of Modern Science

This study focuses on the removal of cadmium ions generated by oil refinery wastewater, employing an agricultural by-product. Buckthorn leaves, sourced from Baghdad and Diyala provinces, underwent preparation, including washing, drying, crushing, and sieving before being utilized in experiments. Batch experiments were conducted using simulated solutions to assess the impact of six key adsorption design parameters: pH, cadmium concentration, agitation speed, contact time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. The highest adsorption efficiency, reaching 94.4367%, was directly correlated with contact time, adsorbent dosage, pH value, and agitation speed, and inversely related to other variables. Morphological studies on the treated adsorbent, indicated structural …


Innovative Cyanine-Based Fluorescent Dye For Targeted Mitochondrial Imaging And Its Utility In Whole-Brain Visualization, Xin Yan, Xinqian Chen, Zhiying Shan, Lanrong Bi Jan 2024

Innovative Cyanine-Based Fluorescent Dye For Targeted Mitochondrial Imaging And Its Utility In Whole-Brain Visualization, Xin Yan, Xinqian Chen, Zhiying Shan, Lanrong Bi

Michigan Tech Publications

Conducting in vivo brain imaging can be a challenging task due to the complexity of brain tissue and the strict requirements for safe and effective imaging agents. However, a new fluorescent dye called Cy5-PEG2 has been developed that selectively accumulates in mitochondria, enabling the visualization of these essential organelles in various cell lines. This dye is versatile and can be used for the real-time monitoring of mitochondrial dynamics in living cells. Moreover, it can cross the blood-brain barrier, making it a promising tool for noninvasive in vivo brain imaging. Based on the assessment of glial cell responses in the hippocampus …


Advanced Detection Of Sars-Cov-2 And Omicron Variants Via Mxene-Graphene Hybrid Biosensors Utilizing Nucleic Acid Probes, Jiaoli Li, Yuwei Zhang, Congjie Wei, Yanxiao Li, Zhekun Peng, Hsin Yin Chuang, Logan Pearce, Adrianus Boon, Yue-Wern Huang, Dong Hyun Kim, Risheng Wang, Chenglin Wu Jan 2024

Advanced Detection Of Sars-Cov-2 And Omicron Variants Via Mxene-Graphene Hybrid Biosensors Utilizing Nucleic Acid Probes, Jiaoli Li, Yuwei Zhang, Congjie Wei, Yanxiao Li, Zhekun Peng, Hsin Yin Chuang, Logan Pearce, Adrianus Boon, Yue-Wern Huang, Dong Hyun Kim, Risheng Wang, Chenglin Wu

Biological Sciences Faculty Research & Creative Works

Low-cost biosensors that can rapidly and widely detect viruses are critical for faster diagnosis and treatment decision-making, especially for infections. The commonly used field-effect transistor is sensitive to the biomarker's detection but struggles with precise detection, particularly of nontargets such as ions and proteins. To overcome this limitation, we developed a field-effect transistor biosensor design based on MXene-graphene materials to increase the accuracy and sensitivity of virus detection. Based on the hybridization process between two complementary DNA strands, single-stranded nucleic acids were immobilized on the sensing surface via 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde to capture the nucleic acids of the target virus. …


Reiq-Mediated Alarmone Signalling Regulates Growth, Stress-Induced Biofilm Formation And Spore Accumulation In Clostridioides Difficile, Areej Malik, Adenrele Oludiran, Asia Poudel, Orlando Berumen Alvarez, Charles Woodward, Erin B. Purcell Jan 2024

Reiq-Mediated Alarmone Signalling Regulates Growth, Stress-Induced Biofilm Formation And Spore Accumulation In Clostridioides Difficile, Areej Malik, Adenrele Oludiran, Asia Poudel, Orlando Berumen Alvarez, Charles Woodward, Erin B. Purcell

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The bacterial stringent response (SR) is a conserved transcriptional reprogramming pathway mediated by the nucleotide signalling alarmones, (pp)pGpp. The SR has been implicated in antibiotic survival in Clostridioides difficile, a biofilm- and spore-forming pathogen that causes resilient, highly recurrent C. difficile infections. The role of the SR in other processes and the effectors by which it regulates C. difficile physiology are unknown. C. difficile RelQ is a clostridial alarmone synthetase. Deletion of relQ dysregulates C. difficile growth in unstressed conditions, affects susceptibility to antibiotic and oxidative stressors and drastically reduces biofilm formation. While wild-type C. difficile displays increased biofilm …


Multiple Variables Influence The Finely Calibrated Antioxidant Defenses Of Clostridioides Difficile, Erin B. Purcell Jan 2024

Multiple Variables Influence The Finely Calibrated Antioxidant Defenses Of Clostridioides Difficile, Erin B. Purcell

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

The obligate anaerobe Clostridioides difficile encodes multiple reductases to detoxify molecular oxygen and reactive oxygen species. Caulat and colleagues have characterized the activity and regulation of four such reductases (L. C. Caulat, A. Lotoux, M. C. Martins, N. Kint, et al., mBio 15:e01591-24, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1128/mbio.01591-24). Each proved critical for clostridial survival in a different range of oxygen concentrations; together, they ameliorate a broad range of oxidative stress levels. Moreover, two previously uncharacterized regulators were found to control reductase gene expression in response to oxidative stress. The genetic repressor Rex and the reductase FdpF are both sensitive to the NAP …


Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Class Iia Histone Deacetylase (Hdac) Inhibitors, Lauren Nicole Kotsull Jan 2024

Design, Synthesis, And Evaluation Of Class Iia Histone Deacetylase (Hdac) Inhibitors, Lauren Nicole Kotsull

Wayne State University Dissertations

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins are linked to disease states, including cancer, and have become important targets for therapeutic development. Many inhibitors have been developed to target HDAC proteins, including FDA-approved inhibitors Vorinostat (SAHA), Belinostat, Romidepsin, and Panobinostat. These inhibitors non-specifically influence most of the 11 metal-dependent HDAC isoforms, which might contribute to the side effects that patients experience during treatment. The lack of selectivity also diminishes the use of HDAC inhibitors as biomedical research tools. To address these drawbacks, the development of selective inhibitors has been heavily studied. Yet, reported inhibitors are predominantly selective for class I HDAC isoforms (HDACs …


Discovery Of Dna Aptamers As Probes For Detecting Ranavirus Mcp, Corbin Hudson Jan 2024

Discovery Of Dna Aptamers As Probes For Detecting Ranavirus Mcp, Corbin Hudson

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Global amphibian populations have been declining since the late 20th century; one of the most significant contributors to these declines is a genus of viral pathogens known as Ranavirus (Rv). Frog virus 3 is one of these viral agents and is currently found affecting frog populations throughout NJ, MD, PA, DE, and VA. While Frog virus 3 is most known for afflicting frogs, the Ranavirus genus can also infect bony fish species as well as reptiles, allowing for a wide vector of transmission and making its spread a danger both locally and globally. In the absence of a cure, it …


Plasmid-Borne Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Within A Permanently Stratified Marine Water Column, Paraskevi Mara, David Geller-Mcgrath, Elizabeth A. Suter, Gordon T. Taylor, Maria G. Pachiadaki, Virginia P. Edgcomb Jan 2024

Plasmid-Borne Biosynthetic Gene Clusters Within A Permanently Stratified Marine Water Column, Paraskevi Mara, David Geller-Mcgrath, Elizabeth A. Suter, Gordon T. Taylor, Maria G. Pachiadaki, Virginia P. Edgcomb

BCES: Faculty Publications

Plasmids are mobile genetic elements known to carry secondary metabolic genes that affect the fitness and survival of microbes in the environment. Well-studied cases of plasmidencoded secondary metabolic genes in marine habitats include toxin/antitoxin and antibiotic biosynthesis/resistance genes. Here, we examine metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from the permanently-stratified water column of the Cariaco Basin for integrated plasmids that encode biosynthetic gene clusters of secondary metabolites (smBGCs). We identify 16 plasmid-borne smBGCs in MAGs associated primarily with Planctomycetota and Pseudomonadota that encode terpenesynthesizing genes, and genes for production of ribosomal and non-ribosomal peptides. These identified genes encode for secondary metabolites that are …


Developing Methods For Analysis Of Chiral Small Molecules And D-Amino Acid Containing Peptides, Joshua I. Putman Jan 2024

Developing Methods For Analysis Of Chiral Small Molecules And D-Amino Acid Containing Peptides, Joshua I. Putman

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation covers the development of methods to analyze chiral small molecules and d-amino acid containing peptides. The first section covers the development of liquid chromatographic chiral screening approaches for newly synthesized chiral molecules. The next part of the dissertation covers methodologies for the analysis of d-amino acid containing peptides. Lastly the bacterial degradation of three commonly used pesticides by bacteria harvested from Colorado potato beetles (Leptinotarsa decemliniata) is presented.

Twelve new azole compounds and eleven racemic ethanolamine derivatives were synthesized. These twenty-three compounds were evaluated using eight chiral columns, four macrocylic glycopeptides, a cyclodextrin derivative …


การดัดแปรคุณภาพของสตาร์ชมันสำปะหลังโดยการคัดแยกขนาดแกรนูลและการทำให้แกรนูลสตาร์ชเสียหาย, ภูมิพิทักษ์ รักเรือง Jan 2024

การดัดแปรคุณภาพของสตาร์ชมันสำปะหลังโดยการคัดแยกขนาดแกรนูลและการทำให้แกรนูลสตาร์ชเสียหาย, ภูมิพิทักษ์ รักเรือง

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อศึกษาผลของการคัดแยกขนาดแกรนูลและการทำให้แกรนูลของ สตาร์ชมันสำปะหลังเสียหายด้วยวิธีทางกายภาพต่อสมบัติทางกายภาพและสมบัติเชิงหน้าที่ของสตาร์ช โดยไม่ใช้สารเคมี เพื่อพัฒนาแนวทางในการปรับปรุงคุณภาพของสตาร์ชให้เหมาะสมกับการใช้งานในอุตสาหกรรมอาหาร ซึ่งให้ความสำคัญต่อความปลอดภัยและความยั่งยืนของวัตถุดิบ การทดลองเริ่มต้นด้วยการคัดแยกขนาดแกรนูลโดยใช้วิธีตกตะกอนด้วยแรงโน้มถ่วง การเหวี่ยงแยก และการร่อนแห้ง ซึ่งส่งผลให้ได้แกรนูลขนาดเล็กลงและมีการกระจายตัวที่แคบลง โดยลักษณะของแกรนูลยังคงมีรูปทรงกลมหรือรี ผิวเรียบ และมีความสม่ำเสมอ ตัวอย่างขนาด 25 – 44 ไมโครเมตร มีพื้นที่ผิวต่อปริมาตรสูง ช่วยส่งเสริมการดูดซึมน้ำและการพองตัวได้ดี ส่งผลให้ค่าความหนืดสูงสุด (PV) และค่าความหนืดลดลง (BD) เพิ่มขึ้น ขณะที่อุณหภูมิการเกิดเพสต์ (PT) ลดลงอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ สำหรับการดัดแปรแกรนูลโดยการบดด้วยเครื่องบดแบบล้อและแบบลูกบอล พบว่าแกรนูลมีการแตกหักและมีขนาดลดลง ส่งผลให้ค่า PV, BD, FV และ PT ลดลง ขณะที่ค่าการพองตัวและการละลายน้ำเพิ่มขึ้น ผลการวิเคราะห์ด้วย X-ray Diffraction (XRD) และการวิเคราะห์สมบัติทางความร้อนด้วยเทคนิค Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) พบว่าความเป็นผลึกและเอนทัลปีของการเกิดเจลาติไนซ์ลดลงตามระดับ ความเสียหายของแกรนูล โดยตัวอย่างที่ผ่านการบดด้วยเครื่องบดแบบลูกบอลที่ความเร็วและเวลาสูงสุด (BM590) มีปริมาณสตาร์ชเสียหายสูงสุดถึงร้อยละ 18.17 และอุณหภูมิการเกิดเจลาติไนซ์ต่ำสุดที่ 56.55 องศาเซลเซียส อีกทั้งยังพบปริมาณแอมิโลสเพิ่มขึ้นสูงสุดถึงร้อยละ 26.52 จากการวิเคราะห์โครงสร้างโมเลกุลโดยเทคนิค Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) พบว่าอัตราส่วนค่าการดูดกลืนแสง 1022/995 และ 1045/1022 cm-1 เปลี่ยนแปลงเพียงเล็กน้อยและไม่แตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ สะท้อนว่าโครงสร้างระดับโมเลกุลระยะสั้นของสตาร์ชยังคงมีเสถียรภาพ โดยสรุป การดัดแปรด้วยวิธีทางกายภาพสามารถเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพของสตาร์ชมันสำปะหลังให้เหมาะสมกับผลิตภัณฑ์ที่มีความซับซ้อนเพิ่มมากขึ้น สามารถแปรรูปที่อุณหภูมิต่ำได้ง่าย และละลายน้ำดี เช่น ซอส ผลิตภัณฑ์เบเกอรี่ และฟิล์มชีวภาพ อีกทั้งยังเป็นทางเลือกที่ปลอดภัยและเป็นมิตรต่อสิ่งแวดล้อม พร้อมต่อยอดสู่การใช้งานในระดับอุตสาหกรรมต่อไป


การประยุกต์ใช้พลศาสตร์ของไหลเชิงคำนวณและปัญญาประดิษฐ์สำหรับการออกแบบถังผสมของเหลวอุตสาหกรรม, ปฏิพล คล่องยุทธ์ Jan 2024

การประยุกต์ใช้พลศาสตร์ของไหลเชิงคำนวณและปัญญาประดิษฐ์สำหรับการออกแบบถังผสมของเหลวอุตสาหกรรม, ปฏิพล คล่องยุทธ์

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

การผสมของเหลวในถังกวนอุตสาหกรรมเป็นกระบวนการสำคัญของหลายอุตสาหกรรมโดยเฉพาะอุตสาหกรรมเคมี อาหาร และกระบวนการทางชีวภาพ ที่มีความต้องการความเป็นเนื้อเดียวกันของสารผสมอย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ ซึ่งมีความท้าทายในเรื่องของเวลาการผสมที่นาน ถึงแม้จะเพิ่มความปั่นป่วน (turbulent) ก็อาจทำให้เกิดบริเวณโซนตาย (dead zone) หรือบริเวณที่สารไม่เกิดการเป็นเนื้อเดียวกัน เนื่องจากกระแสวน สาเหตุมาจากการขาดการออกแบบที่ไม่เหมาะสม งานวิจัยนี้ศึกษาการประเมินวิธีการออกแบบถังผสมโดยอาศัย การจำลองพลศาสตร์ของไหลเชิงคำนวณ (Computational Fluid Dynamics: CFD) ควบคู่กับการประยุกต์ใช้ปัญญาประดิษฐ์ (Artificial Intelligence: AI) ด้วยการผสมแบบไม่ต่อเนื่อง (batch) ของของเหลวกับของเหลวโดยได้ใช้แบบจำลอง Large Eddy Simulation (LES) ในการจำลองพฤติกรรมการไหลภายในถังผสมที่ติดตั้ง ใบกวนใช้ใบกวน VISCOPROP ที่ใช้ในเชิงพาณิชย์ และตรวจสอบผลกระทบของพารามิเตอร์ได้แก่ ความเร็วรอบของใบกวน จำนวนแผ่นกั้น จำนวนใบและชั้นของใบกวน ระยะห่างระหว่างใบกวนกับก้นถัง เส้นผ่านศูนย์กลางถังและใบกวน ระดับของเหลว และคุณสมบัติของของเหลว ต่อเวลาในการผสมให้ได้ความเป็นเนื้อเดียวกันที่ระดับ 95% การวิเคราะห์ความแปรปรวน (ANOVA) พบว่า ความเร็วรอบของใบกวนเป็นปัจจัยสำคัญที่ส่งผลกระทบอย่างมีนัยสำคัญ (p = 0.0026) ปัจจัยรองลงมาคือจำนวนชั้นของใบกวน (p = 0.0223) ในขณะที่ปัจจัยอื่นมีที่ไม่แตกต่างอย่างมีนัยสำคัญทางสถิติ (p > 0.05) ในขั้นต่อมา ผลการจำลอง CFD ถูกนำไปใช้เป็นข้อมูลฝึกสำหรับแบบจำลองโครงข่ายประสาทเทียม (Artificial Neural Network: ANN) เพื่อทำนายเวลาในการผสม โดยเปรียบเทียบประสิทธิภาพของอัลกอริทึม Levenberg-Marquardt และ Scaled Conjugate Gradient ผลลัพธ์แสดงให้เห็นว่า ANN สามารถทำนายค่าการผสมได้อย่างแม่นยำ และมีศักยภาพในการใช้เป็นเครื่องมือช่วยออกแบบถังผสมได้อย่างมีประสิทธิภาพ งานวิจัยนี้แสดงให้เห็นถึงความเป็นไปได้ในการใช้ CFD ร่วมกับ AI เพื่อออกแบบและพัฒนาถังผสมในระดับอุตสาหกรรมอย่างแม่นยำและประหยัดทรัพยากรการทดลองในระยะยาว


การพัฒนาระบบติดตามตรวจสอบคุณภาพงานพิมพ์ด้วยปัญญาประดิษฐ์, กลยุทธ หาญโสต Jan 2024

การพัฒนาระบบติดตามตรวจสอบคุณภาพงานพิมพ์ด้วยปัญญาประดิษฐ์, กลยุทธ หาญโสต

Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)

งานวิจัยนี้มีวัตถุประสงค์เพื่อพัฒนาระบบตรวจสอบคุณภาพงานพิมพ์โดยอาศัยเทคโนโลยีปัญญาประดิษฐ์ (AI) เพื่อลดการพึ่งพาทักษะและประสบการณ์ของช่างพิมพ์ประสบการณ์สูง ซึ่งมีข้อจำกัดในเรื่องความสม่ำเสมอและความคลาดเคลื่อนจากมนุษย์ โดยเฉพาะอย่างยิ่งเมื่อไม่สามารถใช้แถบควบคุมคุณภาพ (color bar) บนแผ่นพิมพ์ได้เนื่องจากข้อจำกัดของพื้นที่พิมพ์ ระบบที่พัฒนาขึ้นประกอบด้วยอุปกรณ์ถ่ายภาพ ระบบไฟ แผ่นชาร์ตสีมาตรฐาน และอัลกอริธึมวิเคราะห์ภาพ โดย AI จะทำการเปรียบเทียบภาพจากแผ่นพิมพ์กับแผ่นต้นฉบับ (proof) ด้วยเทคนิค การวิเคราะห์ส่วนประกอบหลัก (Principal Component Analysis) ซึ่งสามารถลดมิติของข้อมูล และแยกแยะลักษณะเด่นของภาพเพื่อระบุความผิดปกติหรือข้อบกพร่องในการพิมพ์ จากการทดลอง ระบบสามารถตรวจจับความผิดปกติต่าง ๆ เช่น หมึกเลอะ จุดหมึก ความคลาดเคลื่อนของสี ลวดลายที่ผิดเพี้ยนไปจากต้นฉบับ รอยทับกระดาษ หรือแม้แต่ตัวหนังสือที่พิมพ์บางหรือพร่ามัวได้อย่างรวดเร็ว โดยผลลัพธ์สามารถแสดงออกเป็นรูปภาพและตัวเลข ทำให้ผู้ใช้งานสามารถประเมินคุณภาพแผ่นพิมพ์ได้อย่างเป็นระบบ ระบบนี้มีศักยภาพในการเพิ่มความแม่นยำในการควบคุมคุณภาพ ลดต้นทุนจากการพิมพ์เสีย และยกระดับความน่าเชื่อถือในอุตสาหกรรมการพิมพ์ ทั้งยังสามารถขยายผลไปสู่ระบบอัตโนมัติในอนาคตได้อีกด้วย


Design Of Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonists For Potential Treatment Of Multiple Sclerosis, Lindsay Kornberger Jan 2024

Design Of Kappa Opioid Receptor Agonists For Potential Treatment Of Multiple Sclerosis, Lindsay Kornberger

Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system characterized by demyelination and neuroinflammation. There is currently no cure for MS. There is a critically unmet need for the development of pharmacotherapies that can induce remyelination promoting both repair and recovery. The kappa opioid receptor (KOR) has been identified as a potential target for the development of remyelinating pharmacotherapies. KOR activation has been shown to promote functional recovery and remyelination preclinically. However, typical KOR agonists like U50,488 have limitations such as sedation and dysphoria limiting their use. This necessitates further development of new KOR agonists that maintain …


Development Of Functional Plasmonic Nanoceria For The Ultrasensitive Detection Of Ebola Glycoprotein, Carissa A. Sutton Jan 2024

Development Of Functional Plasmonic Nanoceria For The Ultrasensitive Detection Of Ebola Glycoprotein, Carissa A. Sutton

Graduate Theses/Dissertations

Infectious diseases have been increasing in both severity and prevalence, leading to increasing economic burdens and health concerns. Ebola hemorrhagic fever is an infectious disease that is both highly communicable and highly fatal. Current detection methods for the virus have high specificity and sensitivity but have long and/or complicated procedures that do not allow for early virus detection in highly affected areas. Compared to the lengthy procedure of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), real-time RT-PCR is more time-efficient; however, specificity and sensitivity are reduced. Since early detection of the virus is the only way to increase survival rates, sensitive detection …


Illuminating Function And Enabling Inhibition At The Protein-Membrane Interface Of Glutathione Peroxidase 4., Courtney L. Labrecque Jan 2024

Illuminating Function And Enabling Inhibition At The Protein-Membrane Interface Of Glutathione Peroxidase 4., Courtney L. Labrecque

Theses and Dissertations

Membrane proteins act as gateways to cells and are responsible not only for signaling, lipid transport, and cellular homeostasis, but they are also integral in disease pathologies. One class of membrane proteins, peripheral membrane proteins (PMPs), reside in aqueous compartments of the cell until they are recruited to the membrane to perform their function. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is a PMP enzyme responsible for engaging the membrane and reducing lipid hydroperoxides, thereby preventing cellular death via ferroptosis. Due to its central function surrounding ferroptosis, GPx4 is an interesting drug target that has recently gained interest for inflammatory diseases as well …


Chemical Synthesis And Biological Application Of Sensitive Rna, Alexander T. Apostle Jan 2024

Chemical Synthesis And Biological Application Of Sensitive Rna, Alexander T. Apostle

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

In the field of epigenetics - the dynamic collection of chemical modifications that overlay DNA/RNA - there is increasing interest in the potential for therapeutic and research-based utilization of the epitranscriptomics: those epigenetic modifications specific to RNA. Epitranscriptomics can give us a new approach to understanding and treating RNA viruses, like SARS-CoV-2. Given viruses are often found modified by human epitranscriptomic machinery, understanding how these modifications can modulate virulence is of high interest. We have shown that the N1-methyladensoine modification causes RNA synthesis termination in the SARS-CoV-2 replication complex, and thus may explain the differences in symptoms observed in individuals. …


Whole Genome Crispr-Cas9 Screens Identify Genes Contributing To Viral Entry And Phagocytosis, Md Saddam Hossain Jan 2024

Whole Genome Crispr-Cas9 Screens Identify Genes Contributing To Viral Entry And Phagocytosis, Md Saddam Hossain

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

CRISPR/Cas9 is a revolutionary technique for genome editing where Cas9 nucleases can be targeted to specific genomic sites by single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) containing roughly 20-nucleotide sequences that are complementary to the target region. Double strand breaks created by Cas9 are repaired through non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) in most cells, resulting in insertions and deletions leading to frame shift mutations in coding regions. Thus, the CRISPR-Cas9 system can be exploited for systematic evaluation of gene function relationships by whole genome screening. We also developed a CRISPR whole‐genome screen and counter‐screen strategy based on a pseudoviral platform that allowed identification of genes specific …


Enhancement Of Antitumor Effects Of Berberine Chloride With A Copper(Ii) Complex Against Human Triple Negative Breast Cancer: In Vitro Studies, Duaa R. Alajroush, Brittney F. Anderson, Janae A. Bruce, Christian I. Lartey, Dazonte A. Mathurin, Sean T. Washington, Tanaya S. Washington, Sidy Diawara, Sakariyau A. Waheed, Kaylin L. Thomas, Stephen J. Beebe, Alvin A. Holder Jan 2024

Enhancement Of Antitumor Effects Of Berberine Chloride With A Copper(Ii) Complex Against Human Triple Negative Breast Cancer: In Vitro Studies, Duaa R. Alajroush, Brittney F. Anderson, Janae A. Bruce, Christian I. Lartey, Dazonte A. Mathurin, Sean T. Washington, Tanaya S. Washington, Sidy Diawara, Sakariyau A. Waheed, Kaylin L. Thomas, Stephen J. Beebe, Alvin A. Holder

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

In this study, the copper(II) complex [Cu(chromoneTSC)Cl₂]•0.5H₂O•0.0625C₂H₅OH (where chromoneTSC = (E)-N-Ethyl-2-((4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)methylene)-hydrazinecarbothioamide) was synthesized and characterized; then used to carry out in vitro studies in combination with berberine chloride (BBC). The ligand and complex were characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and NMR (¹H and ¹³C) spectroscopy, and conductivity measurements. The cytotoxic effect was analyzed by using the CCK-8 viability assay in cancer MDA-MB-231 VIM RFP and non-cancer MCF-10A cell lines. The IC₅₀ values for the complex and BBC were 21.2 ± 1.6 and 48.3 ± 2.4 μM, respectively at 24 h incubation, while the IC₅₀ value of the combination treatment …


Stabilization Of Pfas-Contaminated Soil With Sewage Sludge- And Wood-Based Biochar Sorbents, Erlend Sørmo, Clara Benedikte Mader Lade, Julie Zhang, Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos, Geir Wold Åsli, Michel Hubert, Aleksandar I. Goranov, Hans Peter H. Arp, Gerard Cornelissen Jan 2024

Stabilization Of Pfas-Contaminated Soil With Sewage Sludge- And Wood-Based Biochar Sorbents, Erlend Sørmo, Clara Benedikte Mader Lade, Julie Zhang, Alexandros G. Asimakopoulos, Geir Wold Åsli, Michel Hubert, Aleksandar I. Goranov, Hans Peter H. Arp, Gerard Cornelissen

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Sustainable and effective remediation technologies for the treatment of soil contaminated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are greatly needed. This study investigated the effects of waste-based biochars on the leaching of PFAS from a sandy soil with a low total organic carbon content (TOC) of 0.57 ± 0.04% impacted by PFAS from aqueous film forming foam (AFFF) dispersed at a former fire-fighting facility. Six different biochars (pyrolyzed at 700–900°C) were tested, made from clean wood chips (CWC), waste timber (WT), activated waste timber (aWT), two digested sewage sludges (DSS-1 and DSS-2) and de-watered raw sewage sludge (DWSS). Up-flow column …


Evidence Of Direct Interaction Between Cisplatin And The Caspase-Cleaved Prostate Apoptosis Response-4 Tumor Suppressor, Krishna K. Raut, Samjhana Pandey, Gyanendra Kharel, Steven M. Pascal Jan 2024

Evidence Of Direct Interaction Between Cisplatin And The Caspase-Cleaved Prostate Apoptosis Response-4 Tumor Suppressor, Krishna K. Raut, Samjhana Pandey, Gyanendra Kharel, Steven M. Pascal

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Prostate apoptosis response-4 (Par-4) tumor suppressor protein has gained attention as a potential therapeutic target owing to its unique ability to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cells, sensitize them to chemotherapy and radiotherapy, and mitigate drug resistance. It has recently been reported that Par-4 interacts synergistically with cisplatin, a widely used anticancer drug. However, the mechanistic details underlying this relationship remain elusive. In this investigation, we employed an array of biophysical techniques, including circular dichroism spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy, to characterize the interaction between the active caspase-cleaved Par-4 (cl-Par-4) fragment and cisplatin. Additionally, elemental analysis was …


Reducing Short-Chain Pfas Levels In California Water Supplies, Manu Prabandham Jan 2024

Reducing Short-Chain Pfas Levels In California Water Supplies, Manu Prabandham

Pomona Senior Theses

This thesis proposes twelve specific policies based on precedents set by prior regulation of persistent organic pollutants (such as PCBs), the costs and benefits of short-chain PFAS, technologies available to remove and destroy short-chain PFAS, and the roles and limitations of California’s regulatory institutions. The twelve policies are chosen to be politically and financially feasible, effective at removing short-chain PFAS from water supplies, and equitable towards lower-income and minority Californians, who suffer the most from the consequences of PFAS and other environmental pollutants. The new definitions, education campaigns, studies, taxes, bans, standards, testing, and filtration systems proposed are intended to …


Using Virus Like Particle Conjugates Of Synthetic Targeting Compounds To Deliver Chemotherapeutic Drugs To Cancer Stem Cells, Austen W. Kerzee Jan 2024

Using Virus Like Particle Conjugates Of Synthetic Targeting Compounds To Deliver Chemotherapeutic Drugs To Cancer Stem Cells, Austen W. Kerzee

Chemistry Theses

Cancer stem cells are a type of cell that have the properties of both cancer cells and stem cells. They can differentiate into other types of cancer cells, are resistant to conventional chemotherapeutics, and seem to contribute greatly to the metastasis and recurrence of cancer. Due to these properties, eliminating cancer stem cells would be greatly beneficial in the treatment of cancer. While there have been approved therapeutic methods for the removal of a few of the cancer stem cells types, treatment for most types of cancer stem cells are still in the experimental phase and have yet to be …


Atg11 And Atg9 Interaction In Selective Autophagy, Chimi Dolker Sherpa Jan 2024

Atg11 And Atg9 Interaction In Selective Autophagy, Chimi Dolker Sherpa

Master's Theses and Doctoral Dissertations

Selective autophagy, induced by cellular stresses, degrades/recycles a specific cargo. Ithelps prevent diseases like Parkinson’s, Huntington's, cancer, and bacterial infections. It involves the formation of an autophagosome, a double-membrane vesicle that takes the cargo to the vacuole/lysosome for degradation. Atg11, the central organizer of selective autophagy, acts as a scaffold protein, interacting with Atg9, Atg1 and other Atg proteins. Our research focuses on finding mutations in Atg11 that specifically disrupt its interaction with Atg9 without affecting its dimerization or interaction with Atg1. We targeted residues 455-535 of Atg11 as a putative Atg9 interaction site, performing mutagenesis on four key residues …


Excited State Proton Transfer From Acidic Alcohols To A Quinoline Photobase Can Be Solvated By Non-Acidic Alcohol Solvents, Jonathan Ryan Hunt, Joseph Hecht, Clara Goolsby, Jade Hagihara, Monique Loza, Samantha Del Pozo Jan 2024

Excited State Proton Transfer From Acidic Alcohols To A Quinoline Photobase Can Be Solvated By Non-Acidic Alcohol Solvents, Jonathan Ryan Hunt, Joseph Hecht, Clara Goolsby, Jade Hagihara, Monique Loza, Samantha Del Pozo

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Works

Photobases are a type of molecule that become more basic upon photoexcitation and can therefore be used to control proton transfer reactions with light. The solvation requirements for excited state proton transfer (ESPT) in photobase systems is poorly understood, which limits their applicability. Here, we investigate the solvation of the ESPT reaction using 5-methoxyquinoline (MeOQ), a well-studied photobase with an excited state pKa (pKa*) of approximately 15.1, as a model system. Previous studies have shown that, in addition to the acidic donor that donates a proton to the photoexcited MeOQ, an additional “auxiliary donor” is necessary to solvate the resulting …


The Role Of Sugars In Aggregation Of The Protein Kassinin, Lillie G. Waldron Jan 2024

The Role Of Sugars In Aggregation Of The Protein Kassinin, Lillie G. Waldron

Student Summer Scholars Manuscripts

The aggregation of proteins to form amyloids is implicated in several diseases such as Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, and many others. This aggregation has several stages, progressing from isolated protein molecules (monomers) to small aggregates (oligomers), which are toxic to cells, and finally to large, string-like mature aggregates. Despite this association with disease, functional amyloids, which have normal biological functions, also result from protein aggregation. Kassinin, an amphibian peptide involved in nerve signal transmission, is a model system for functional amyloid study. To compare the aggregation of functional and disease-causing amyloids, we previously synthesized a fluorine-labeled kassinin through solid-phase peptide …


Synthesis Of Long Oligodeoxynucleotides, Yipeng Yin Jan 2024

Synthesis Of Long Oligodeoxynucleotides, Yipeng Yin

Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports

Synthetic long oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) have found wide applications in diverse fields such as chemical biology, synthetic biology, and genes and genomes synthesis. Those applications leading to a significant demand for their production. However, traditional methods for purifying synthetic ODNs present notable drawbacks, particularly their inability to purify long ODNs, rendering long ODN synthesis challenging. To address these issues, chemical synthesis techniques for long ODNs coupled with non-chromatographic purification methods have been developed. This technology makes the purification of long synthetic ODNs feasible and offers a viable pathway for producing genes and genomes with extensive repeats or stable secondary structures, which …


Hybridization Kinetics Of Four-Way Junctions Localized On A Dna Scaffold, Katherine N. Taylor Jan 2024

Hybridization Kinetics Of Four-Way Junctions Localized On A Dna Scaffold, Katherine N. Taylor

Honors Undergraduate Theses

DNA computing is an ever-growing field with scientists trying to design structures that optimize logic gate communication to develop fast, biologically compatible, computational structures. We hypothesize that by using the principles of DNA computing, it is possible to design a DNA tile capable of studying localized DNA hybridization that can differentiate between oligonucleotides of different structural conformations. This includes synthetically manipulating DNA into a nanostructure that can perform Boolean logic functions to calculate the different rates of hybridization. To test our hypothesis, we designed a DNA Tile that incorporated a 4WJ using YES logic. Linear and hairpin single-stranded (ss) DNA …


Biliverdin Reductase-A Integrates Insulin Signaling With Mitochondrial Metabolism Through Phosphorylation Of Gsk3Β, Chiara Lanzillotta, Antonella Tramutola, Simona Lanzillotta, Viviana Greco, Sara Pagnotta, Caterina Sanchini, Silvia Di Angelantonio, Elena Forte, Serena Rinaldo, Alessio Paone, Francesca Cutruzzolà, Flavia Agata Cimini, Ilaria Barchetta, Maria Gisella Cavallo, Andrea Urbani, D. Allan Butterfield, Fabio Di Domenico, Bindu D. Paul, Marzia Perluigi, Joao M.N. Duarte Jan 2024

Biliverdin Reductase-A Integrates Insulin Signaling With Mitochondrial Metabolism Through Phosphorylation Of Gsk3Β, Chiara Lanzillotta, Antonella Tramutola, Simona Lanzillotta, Viviana Greco, Sara Pagnotta, Caterina Sanchini, Silvia Di Angelantonio, Elena Forte, Serena Rinaldo, Alessio Paone, Francesca Cutruzzolà, Flavia Agata Cimini, Ilaria Barchetta, Maria Gisella Cavallo, Andrea Urbani, D. Allan Butterfield, Fabio Di Domenico, Bindu D. Paul, Marzia Perluigi, Joao M.N. Duarte

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Brain insulin resistance links the failure of energy metabolism with cognitive decline in both type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2D) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD), although the molecular changes preceding overt brain insulin resistance remain unexplored. Abnormal biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) levels were observed in both T2D and AD and were associated with insulin resistance. Here, we demonstrate that reduced BVR-A levels alter insulin signaling and mitochondrial bioenergetics in the brain. Loss of BVR-A leads to IRS1 hyper-activation but dys- regulates Akt-GSK3β complex in response to insulin, hindering the accumulation of pGSK3βS9 into the mito- chondria. This event impairs oxidative phosphorylation and fosters …


Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid Exposure Leads To Downregulation Of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coa Synthase 2 Expression And Upregulation Of Markers Associated With Intestinal Carcinogenesis In Mouse Intestinal Tissues, Josiane Weber Tessmann, Pan Deng, Jerika Durham, Chang Li, Moumita Banerjee, Qingding Wang, Ryan A. Goettl, Daheng He, Chi Wang, Eun Y. Lee, B. Mark Evers, Bernhard Hennig, Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva Jan 2024

Perfluorooctanesulfonic Acid Exposure Leads To Downregulation Of 3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl-Coa Synthase 2 Expression And Upregulation Of Markers Associated With Intestinal Carcinogenesis In Mouse Intestinal Tissues, Josiane Weber Tessmann, Pan Deng, Jerika Durham, Chang Li, Moumita Banerjee, Qingding Wang, Ryan A. Goettl, Daheng He, Chi Wang, Eun Y. Lee, B. Mark Evers, Bernhard Hennig, Yekaterina Y. Zaytseva

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is a widely recognized environment pollutant known for its high bio- accumulation potential and a long elimination half-life. Several studies have shown that PFOS can alter multiple biological pathways and negatively affect human health. Considering the direct exposure to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract to environmental pollutants, PFOS can potentially disrupt intestinal homeostasis. However, there is limited knowledge about the effect of PFOS exposure on normal intestinal tissues, and its contribution to GI- associated diseases remains to be determined. In this study, we examined the effect of PFOS exposure on the gene expression profile of intestinal tissues of …