Chemistry Commons^™

Loop Dynamics Of The Extracellular Domain Of Human Tissue Factor And Activation Of Factor Viia, Agnese S. Minazzo, Reuben C. Darlington, J. B. A. Ross

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

In the crystal structure of the complex between the soluble extracellular domain of tissue factor (sTF) and activesite- inhibited VIIa, residues 91 and 92 in the Pro⁷⁹-Pro⁹² loop of sTF interact with the catalytic domain of VIIa. It is not known, however, whether this loop has a role in allosteric activation of VIIa. Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy measurements of probes covalently bound to sTF mutants E84C and T121C show that binding uninhibited Factor VIIa affects segmental motions in sTF. Glu⁸⁴ resides in the Pro⁷⁹-Pro⁹² loop, and Thr¹²¹ resides in the turn between the …

Emissions From Biomass Burning In The Yucatan, Robert J. Yokelson, J. D. Crounse, P. F. Decarlo, T. Karl, S. P. Urbanski, E. Atlas, T. Campos, Y. Shinozuka, V. Kasputin, A. D. Clarke, A. Weinheimer, D. J. Knapp, D. D. Montzka, J. Holloway, P. Weibring, F. Flocke, W. Zheng, D. Toohey, P. O. Wennberg, C. Wiedinmyer, L. Mauldin, A. Fried, D. Richter, J. Walega, J. L. Jimenez, K. Adachi, P. R. Buseck, S. R. Hall, R. Shetter

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

In March 2006 two instrumented aircraft made the first detailed field measurements of biomass burning (BB) emissions in the Northern Hemisphere tropics as part of the MILAGRO project. The aircraft were the National Center for Atmospheric Research C-130 and a University of Montana/US Forest Service Twin Otter. The initial emissions of up to 49 trace gas or particle species were measured from 20 deforestation and crop residue fires on the Yucatan peninsula. This included two trace gases useful as indicators of BB (HCN and acetonitrile) and several rarely, or never before, measured species: OH, peroxyacetic acid, propanoic acid, hydrogen peroxide, …

Biomass Burning And Urban Air Pollution Over The Central Mexican Plateau, J. D. Crounse, P. F. Decarlo, Donald R. Blake, L. K. Emmons, T. L. Campos, E. C. Apel, A. D. Clarke, A. J. Weinheimer, D. C. Mccabe, Robert J. Yokelson, J. L. Jimenez, P. O. Wennberg

Chemistry and Biochemistry Faculty Publications

Observations during the 2006 dry season of highly elevated concentrations of cyanides in the atmosphere above Mexico City (MC) and the surrounding plains demonstrate that biomass burning (BB) significantly impacted air quality in the region. We find that during the period of our measurements, fires contribute more than half of the organic aerosol mass and submicron aerosol scattering, and one third of the enhancement in benzene, reactive nitrogen, and carbon monoxide in the outflow from the plateau. The combination of biomass burning and anthropogenic emissions will affect ozone chemistry in the MC outflow.

Ua94/6/1 Student / Alumni Personal Papers Western Kentucky University Small Collections, Wku Archives

WKU Archives Collection Inventories

Small collections of personal papers and oral histories relating to the Western Kentucky University.

Classification And Cluster Analysis Of Complex Time-Of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry For Biological Samples, Stephen E. Reichenbach, Xue Tian, Qingping Tao, Alex Henderson

School of Computing: Conference and Workshop Papers

Identifying and separating subtly different biological samples is one of the most critical tasks in biological analysis. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is becoming a popular and important technique in the analysis of biological samples, because it can detect molecular information and characterize chemical composition. ToF-SIMS spectra of biological samples are enormously complex with large mass ranges and many peaks. As a result the classification and cluster analysis are challenging. This study presents a new classification algorithm, the most similar neighbor with a probability-based spectrum similarity measure (MSN- PSSM), which uses all the information in the entire ToF- SIMS …

Application Of Multiple Mass Spectrometric Techniques In The Isolation, Determination And Characterisation Of The Marine Toxins; Azaspiracid, Keith O'Callaghan

Theses

The Azaspiracids are a class of polyether marine biotoxins that present a significant health risk to consumers of shellfish. Since their discovery in the late 1990s several human intoxications have been reported, and traced to Irish shellfish farms resulting in closures or harvest rejections. As such incidents involving azaspiracid shellfish poisoning have a major socio-economic impact on communities that rely on shellfish farming revenues.

Recent evidence suggests that azaspiracid poisoning events may become more commonplace. With this increased risk the understanding of azaspiracids mode of action and biological targets becomes crucial. To support these endeavours effective analytical methods need to …

Silver Doped Perfluoropolyether-Urethane Coatings: Antibacterial Activity And Surface Analysis, Niall Stobie, Brendan Duffy, Steven Hinder, Patrick Mchale, Declan Mccormack

Articles

The colonisation of clinical and industrial surfaces with pathogenic microorganisms has prompted increased research into the development of effective antibacterial and antifouling coatings. There is evidence that implanted biomedical surfaces coated with metallic silver can be inactivated by hysiological fluids, thus reducing the bioactivity of the coating. In this work, we report the biofilm inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis using a roomtemperatureprocessedsilver dopedperfluoropolyether-urethane coating. The release of silver ions from these fluoropolymers over a six-day period inhibited bacterial encrustation – as observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicated differences in carbon, fluorine and sodium surface composition …

Charting The Late Cretaceous Seas: Mosasaur Richness And Morphological Diversification, Marcus R. Ross

Faculty Publications and Presentations

Abundant, readily identifiable, and biostratigraphically resolved specimens make mosasaurs ideal candidates to test fluxes in generic richness and morphological trends among marine vertebrates during the late Cretaceous. More than 1800 globally distributed mosasaur specimens are allocated to fifteen substage-level stratigraphically correlated assemblages. These data are quantitatively analyzed to illuminate trends within the group. Following their first appearance in the Cenomanian, mosasaurs experienced a significant radiation in the Coniacian and Santonian. Richness levels continued increasing into the Maastrichtian while mosasaurs incrementally exploited new predatory niches recognized via accumulation of novel dental morphologies. Their extinction at the end of the Cretaceous occurred …

Genetically Engineered Repetitive Polypeptides : Design, Synthesis, Characterization, And Applications, Natalya I. Topilina

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This work is dedicated to the investigation of protein folding with the emphasis on the aggregation and amyloid fibrils formation. The focus of the research is to elucidate the relationship between polypeptide chain sequence and folding/aggregation properties. For this purpose, i) libraries of the de novo macromolecular repetitive β-sheet forming polypeptides were designed, and ii) the strategy for their rapid creation was developed. The strategy enables retention of a basic polypeptide core, yet allowing variations in the repetitive sequence, degree of polymerization and distribution of specific amino acids. The polypeptides were expressed in E. coli, purified, and characterized by various …

Direct Binding Of Cytosolic Ndp Kinases To Membrane Lipids Is Regulated By Nucleotides, Kimberly A. P. Mitchell, Gabor Szabo, Angela De S . Otero

Faculty Publications and Presentations

In spite of their complete lack of any structural features that characterize membrane proteins, cytosolic nucleoside-diphosphate kinases (NDPKs) have been found repeatedly to associate with membranes. In some instances the recruitment of cytosolic NDPKs to membranes was attributed to interactions with peripheral or integral membrane proteins, but in many cases the mechanism underlying the association of NDPKs with membranes remained unknown. We show here that cytosolic NDPKs bind directly to membrane lipids in a dynamic process that is controlled by its substrates, nucleoside tri- and diphosphates, and can be fully reconstituted with chemically defined, protein-free phospholipids and recombinant NDPK, or …

Methods For The Isolation Of Sensory And Primary Cilia—An Overview, Kimberly A. P. Mitchell, Gabor Szabo, Angela De S. Otero

Faculty Publications and Presentations

Detailed proteomic analyses of mammalian olfactory and rod photoreceptor sensory cilia are now available, providing an inventory of resident ciliary proteins and laying the foundation for future studies of developmental and spatio-temporal changes in the composition of sensory cilia. Cilia purification methods that were elaborated and perfected over several decades were essential for these advances. In contrast, the proteome of primary cilia is yet to be established, because purification procedures for this organelle have been developed only recently. In this chapter we review current techniques for the purification of olfactory and photoreceptor cilia, and evaluate methods designed for the selective …

Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation Of Allylic Alcohols With Homogeneous Chiral Ruthenium Catalysts: A Proposed Mechanism, Marie G. Beauchamps

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Faculty Should Consider Peer Review As A Means Of Improving Students' Scientific Reasoning Skills, Briana Timmerman, Denise Strickland

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Integrated Biomedical Science Graduate Program At The University Of South Carolina, Richard Hunt

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Synthesis Of Fatty Acid Binding Protein Inhibitors: A New Approach For Diabetes Treatment, Shekelia Baccus, M. Perry Davis Jr, David R. Magnin

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Generation Of A Retroviral Vector That Expresses An Anti-Hiv-1 Tat Hammerhead Ribozyme, Lindsey E. Padgett, William H. Jackson

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Effect Of Incubation Time On The Generation Of Benzene In Sierra Mist Free, Sarah Law

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Downregulation Of Hiv-1 Vif By A Hammerhead Ribozyme Expressed From A Retroviral Vector, Audrey M. Hendley, William Jackson

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Thaw Temperature On Murine Blastocyst Development, Heather M. Barton, H. Lee Higdon Iii, Ph.D., Jennifer E. Graves-Herring M.S., William R. Boone, Ph.D.

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

The Effects Of Growing Method And The Food Processing System On Bacterial Concentration In Spinach, Thad S. Moore, Lisa W. Norman

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Temperature Changes Resulting From A Gaalas Laser In The Decontamination Of A Failing Dental Implant, Adam B. Oppenheimer

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Where Do Mouse Embryos Thrive Best? Comparison Of Mammalian Embryo Development Under Varying Laboratory Environments, Yvonne K. Kao, H. Lee Higdon Iii, Ph.D, Jennifer E. Graves-Herring , M.S., William R. Boone Ph.D

Journal of the South Carolina Academy of Science

No abstract provided.

Vibrational Spectroscopy Of Isotopically Labeled Indoles And Electron Transfer Involving Indole (Tryptophan) Radicals, Senghane Dominique Dieng

Theses, Dissertations and Culminating Projects

Vibrational spectroscopy of tryptophan can be used as a probe for local protein conformation and to study protein electron transfer. For the interpretation of the vibrational spectra, the proper assignment of the vibrational bands to normal modes is essential. We report the experimentally measured infrared and Raman spectra of tryptophan, indole and 3-methylindole as well as of several of their isotope substituted forms; tryptophan indole-d₅ and -¹⁵N₂, and indole 2-¹³C. The effect of the exchange of the indole NH to ND on the vibrational spectra of these molecules was also determined. The measurements …

Hydroxyl Radical Is Produced Via The Fenton Reaction In Submitochondrial Particles Under Oxidative Stress: Implications For Diseases Associated With Iron Accumulation, Carin Thomas, Melissa M. Mackey, Amy A. Diaz, David P. Cox

All Faculty Scholarship for the College of the Sciences

Mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are often implicated in diseases involving oxidative stress and elevated iron. As mitochondria produce ATP by oxidative phosphorylation, ROS by-products are generated from the electron transport chain. Although superoxide and hydrogen peroxide have been thoroughly investigated, little evidence documents hydroxyl radical (HO•) production in mitochondria. In order to determine whether HO• is generated under oxidative stress conditions by a Fenton-type mechanism, bovine heart submitochondrial particles were examined for HO• in the presence and absence of iron ligands, antioxidant enzymes and HO• scavengers. HO• was measured as 2,3- and 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), using HPLC …

Laser-Induced Photon-Branched Chain Reaction In A Chemically-Active Gas-Dispersed Medium, Thomas George, Renat Letfullin, Galen Duree

Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Works

A promising avenue in the development of high-energy pulsed chemical HF/DF lasers and amplifiers is the utilization of a photon-branched chain reaction initiated in a two-phase active medium, that is, a medium containing a laser working gas and ultradispersed passivated metal particles. These particles are evaporated under the action of IR laser radiation which results in the appearance of free atoms, their diffusion into the gas, and the development of a photon-branching chain process, which involves photons as both reactants and products. The key obstacle here is the formation of a relatively large volume (in excess of 10^3 cm^3) of …

Structure And Dynamics Of Metalloproteins In Live Cells, Jeremy D. Cook, James E. Penner-Hahn, Timothy L. Stemmler

Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Publications

X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) has emerged as one of the premier tools for investigating the structure and dynamic properties of metals in cells and in metal containing biomolecules. Utilizing the high flux and broad energy range of X-rays supplied by synchrotron light sources, one can selectively excite core electronic transitions in each metal. Spectroscopic signals from these electronic transitions can be used to dissect the chemical architecture of metals in cells, in cellular components and in biomolecules at varying degrees of structural resolution. With the development of ever-brighter X-ray sources, X-ray methods have grown into applications that can be utilized …

Towards The Total Synthesis Of Thioviridamide: Thiyl Radical Approach To The Beta-Thioenamide Linkage Formation, Jung-Hoon Kang

Theses and Dissertations

We developed an approach to the β-thioenamide linkage contained in the S-(2-aminovinyl)cysteine (avCys) residue of thioviridamide.1,2 Kinetic and thermodynamic control of radical additions of thiols to ynamides were studied for the formation of β-thioenamide linkage. Thiyl radicals are electrophilic and ynamides are electron-rich alkynes. This complementary polarity of the radical and acceptor increases the likelihood of a successful radical addition reaction. Because little is known about these types of compounds (β-thioenamides), we were unsure what kinds of yields and stereoselectivities (cis vs. trans) to expect. The adduct stability is another issue to consider. Fortunately, under typical radical addition conditions, the …

Three-Dimensional Microfluidic Devices Fabricated In Layered Paper And Tape, Andres W. Martinez, Scott T. Phillips, George M. Whitesides

Chemistry and Biochemistry

This article describes a method for fabricating 3D microfluidic devices by stacking layers of patterned paper and double-sided adhesive tape. Paper-based 3D microfluidic devices have capabilities in microfluidics that are difficult to achieve using conventional open-channel microsystems made from glass or polymers. In particular, 3D paper-based devices wick fluids and distribute microliter volumes of samples from single inlet points into arrays of detection zones (with numbers up to thousands). This capability makes it possible to carry out a range of new analytical protocols simply and inexpensively (all on a piece of paper) without external pumps. We demonstrate a prototype 3D …

The Performance Of Maize Crop During Acid Amelioration With Organic Residues In Soils Of Mtwara, Tanzania, Ae Majule, Jo Omollo

Tanzania Journal of Science

This study evaluated acid ameliorative potential and their effects on maize growth of four organic residues namely wild spikenard, cordia, cowpea and pigeon peas through incubations with or without sulphur. This was done in order to recommend potential organic residue source that could ameliorate soil acidity associated with sulphur dusting. Increased levels of sulphur in the soils reduced the growth and dry matter yields of maize due to intense acidification while maize growth and dry matter yields in soils which organic residues were incorporated was enhanced. Enhancement in maize performance may be a result of reduced soil acidity due to …

Alkoxyamine Polymers: Versatile Materials For Surface Ligation Applications, Lindsey Hines, Jessica Moore, David Dahl, Belinda Lady, Johnathan Brantley, Hasan Palandoken

Chemistry and Biochemistry

Immobilization of biomolecules (i.e., proteins, carbohydrates), on polymeric surfaces has been an area of intense research. The resultant bioconjugates often display increased stability, bioavailability and activity. Our research program seeks to explore the utility of the alkoxyamine (RONH2) functional group in new materials as versatile ligating sites for the immobilization of various compounds.

The ease with which alkoxyamines (RONH2) condense with aldehydes or ketones has prompted their widespread use in labelling liposome, bacterial and mammalian cell surfaces as well as chemoselectively ligating small molecule ‘recognition elements' onto polyfunctional substrates. These condensation reactions proceed in aqueous media to afford the robust …