Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Using Skeleton Correction To Improve Flash Lidar-Based Gait Recognition, Nasrin Sadeghzadehyazdi, Tamal Batabyal, Alexander Glandon, Nibir Dhar, Babajide Familoni, Khan Iftekharuddin, Scott T. Acton

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

This paper presents GlidarPoly, an efficacious pipeline of 3D gait recognition for flash lidar data based on pose estimation and robust correction of erroneous and missing joint measurements. A flash lidar can provide new opportunities for gait recognition through a fast acquisition of depth and intensity data over an extended range of distance. However, the flash lidar data are plagued by artifacts, outliers, noise, and sometimes missing measurements, which negatively affects the performance of existing analytics solutions. We present a filtering mechanism that corrects noisy and missing skeleton joint measurements to improve gait recognition. Furthermore, robust statistics are integrated with …

A Channel State Information Based Virtual Mac Spoofing Detector, Peng Jiang, Hongyi Wu, Chunsheng Xin

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

Physical layer security has attracted lots of attention with the expansion of wireless devices to the edge networks in recent years. Due to limited authentication mechanisms, MAC spoofing attack, also known as the identity attack, threatens wireless systems. In this paper, we study a new type of MAC spoofing attack, the virtual MAC spoofing attack, in a tight environment with strong spatial similarities, which can create multiple counterfeits entities powered by the virtualization technologies to interrupt regular services. We develop a system to effectively detect such virtual MAC spoofing attacks via the deep learning method as a countermeasure. …

Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopic Detection Of Aliphatic Alcohol Vapors With Surface-Mounted Hkust-1 Mofs As Sensing Media, Papa K. Amoah, Zeinab Mohammed Hassan, Rhonda R. Franklin, Helmut Baumgart, Engelbert Redel, Yaw S. Obeng

Electrical & Computer Engineering Faculty Publications

We leveraged chemical-induced changes to microwave signal propagation characteristics (i.e., S-parameters) to characterize the detection of aliphatic alcohol (methanol, ethanol, and 2-propanol) vapors using TCNQ-doped HKUST-1 metal-organic-framework films as the sensing material, at temperatures under 100 °C. We show that the sensitivity of aliphatic alcohol detection depends on the oxidation potential of the analyte, and the impedance of the detection setup depends on the analyte-loading of the sensing medium. The microwaves-based detection technique can also afford new mechanistic insights into VOC detection, with surface-anchored metal-organic frameworks (SURMOFs), which is inaccessible with the traditional coulometric (i.e., resistance-based) measurements.

Analysis Of Minor League Rule Changes Effect On Stolen Bases, Zachary Houghtaling

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This study uses various statistical analyses to evaluate the justification of rule changes for Major League Baseball that were implemented within the Minor Leagues during the 2021 minor league season. The primary focus of the study is predicting how some of these Minor League rule changes could affect the stolen base success rate and the number of attempts per game within the Major Leagues. A survey was conducted to evaluate how fans feel about stolen bases within the current game and if rules should be altered to increase the number of stolen bases that occur. Additionally, recorded Major and Minor …

Exo-Sir: An Epidemiological Model To Analyze The Impact Of Exogenous Spread Of Infection, Nirmal Kumar Sivaraman, Manas Gaur, Shivansh Baijal, Sakthi Balan Muthiah, Amit Sheth

Publications

Epidemics like Covid-19 and Ebola have impacted people's lives significantly. The impact of mobility of people across the countries or states in the spread of epidemics has been significant. The spread of disease due to factors local to the population under consideration is termed the endogenous spread. The spread due to external factors like migration, mobility, etc. is called the exogenous spread. In this paper, we introduce the Exo-SIR model, an extension of the popular SIR model and a few variants of the model. The novelty in our model is that it captures both the exogenous and endogenous spread of …

Formal Modeling And Verification Of A Blockchain-Based Crowdsourcing Consensus Protocol, Hamra Afzaal, Muhammad Imran, Muhammad Umar Janjua, Sarada Prasad Gochhayat

VMASC Publications

Crowdsourcing is an effective technique that allows humans to solve complex problems that are hard to accomplish by automated tools. Some significant challenges in crowdsourcing systems include avoiding security attacks, effective trust management, and ensuring the system’s correctness. Blockchain is a promising technology that can be efficiently exploited to address security and trust issues. The consensus protocol is a core component of a blockchain network through which all the blockchain peers achieve an agreement about the state of the distributed ledger. Therefore, its security, trustworthiness, and correctness have vital importance. This work proposes a Secure and Trustworthy Blockchain-based Crowdsourcing (STBC) …

Development Of A Framework To Support Informed Shipbuilding Based On Supply Chain Disruptions, Katherine Smith, Rafael Diaz, Yuzhong Shen

VMASC Publications

In addition to stresses induced by the Covid-19 pandemic, supply chains worldwide have been growing more complex while facing a continuous onslaught of disruptions. This paper presents an analysis and extension of a graph based model for modeling and simulating the effects of such disruptions. The graph based model combines a Bayesian network approach for simulating risks with a network dependency analysis approach for simulating the propagation of disruptions through the network over time. The initial analysis provides evidence supporting extension to for using a multi-layered approach allowing for the inclusion of cyclic features in supply chain models. Initial results …

Human Ergonomic Simulation To Support The Design Of An Exoskeleton For Lashing/De-Lashing Operations Of Containers Cargo, Francesco Longo, Antonio Padovano, Vittorio Solina, Virginia D' Augusta, Stefan Venzl, Roberto Calbi, Michele Bartuni, Ornella Anastasi, Rafael Diaz

VMASC Publications

Lashing and de-lashing operations of containers cargo on board containerships are considered as quite strenuous activities in which operators are required to work continuously over a 6 or 8 hours shift with very limited break. This is mostly because containerships need to leave the port as soon as possible and containers loading and unloading operations must be executed with very high productivity (stay moored in a port is a totally unproductive time for a ship and a loss-making business for a shipping company). Operators performing lashing and de-lashing operations are subjected to intense ergonomic stress and uncomfortable working postures. To …

Healthcare 5.0 Security Framework: Applications, Issues And Future Research Directions, Mohammad Wazid, Ashok Kumar Das, Noor Mohd, Youngho Park

VMASC Publications

Healthcare 5.0 is a system that can be deployed to provide various healthcare services. It does these services by utilising a new generation of information technologies, such as Internet of Things (IoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Big data analytics, blockchain and cloud computing. Due to the introduction of healthcare 5.0, the paradigm has been now changed. It is disease-centered to patient-centered care where it provides healthcare services and supports to the people. However, there are several security issues and challenges in healthcare 5.0 which may cause the leakage or alteration of sensitive healthcare data. This demands that we need a robust …

Combining Green Metrics And Digital Twins For Sustainability Planning And Governance Of Smart Buildings And Cities, Casey R. Corrado, Suzanne M. Delong, Emily G. Holt, Edward Y. Hua, Andreas Tolk

VMASC Publications

Creating a more sustainable world will require a coordinated effort to address the rise of social, economic, and environmental concerns resulting from the continuous growth of cities. Supporting planners with tools to address them is pivotal, and sustainability is one of the main objectives. Modeling and simulation augmenting digital twins can play an important role to implement these tools. Although various green best practices have been utilized over time and there are related attempts at measuring green success, works in the published literature tend to focus on addressing a single problem (e.g., energy efficiency), and a comprehensive approach that takes …

Reinforcement Of Elastomers By Reactive Ionic Surfactant, Nicole Vickerman

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

Elastomers without cross-linking agents or fillers do not have the necessary properties for practical applications in the rubber industry. Elastomers must be reinforced with fillers and/or cross-linking agents to achieve the needs of physical and mechanical properties for commercial products. Sodium octyl 6-mercaptohexyl phosphate (SOMP) and sodium ethyl (6-mercaptohexyl) phosphate (SEMP) were used to investigate the influence of a reactive ionic surfactant and its influence on the physical properties of peroxide crosslinked styrene butadiene rubber (SBR). SEMP and SOMP were both found to be able to be grafted successfully on to the SBR chains within the rubber using extraction testing …

A Trait‐Based Framework For Assessing The Vulnerability Of Marine Species To Human Impacts, Nathalie Butt, Benjamin S. Halpern, Casey S. O'Hara, A. Louise Allcock, Beth Polidoro, Samantha Sherman, Maria Byrne, Charles Birkeland, Ross G. Dwyer, Melanie Frazier, Bradley K. Woodworth, Claudia P. Arango, Michael J. Kingsford, Vinay Udyawer, Pat Hutchings, Elliot Scanes, Emily Jane Mcclaren, Sara M. Maxwell, Guillermo Diaz-Pulido, Emma Dugan, Blake Alexander Simmons, Amelia S. Wenger, Christi Linardich, Carissa J. Klein

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Marine species and ecosystems are widely affected by anthropogenic stressors, ranging from pollution and fishing to climate change. Comprehensive assessments of how species and ecosystems are impacted by anthropogenic stressors are critical for guiding conservation and management investments. Previous global risk or vulnerability assessments have focused on marine habitats, or on limited taxa or specific regions. However, information about the susceptibility of marine species across a range of taxa to different stressors everywhere is required to predict how marine biodiversity will respond to human pressures. We present a novel framework that uses life-history traits to assess species’ vulnerability to a …

Mismatches In Scale Between Highly Mobile Marine Megafauna And Marine Protected Areas, Melinda G. Conners, Nicholas B. Sisson, Pierre D. Agamboue, Philip W. Atkinson, Alastair M.M. Baylis, Scott R. Benson, Barbara A. Block, Steven J. Bograd, Pablo Bordino, W. D. Bowen, Paul Brickle, Ignacio M. Bruno, Victoria González Carman, Cory D. Champagne, Daniel E. Crocker, Daniel P. Costa, Tiffany M. Dawson, Tomohiro Deguchi, Heidi Dewar, Philip D. Doherty, Tomo Eguchi, Angela Formia, Brendan J. Godley, Rachel T. Graham, Christian Gredzens, Kristen M. Hart, Lucy A. Hawkes, Suzanne Henderson, Robert William Henry Iii, Luis A. Hückstädt, Ladd M. Irvine, Sarah S. Kienle, Carey E. Kuhn, Damian Lidgard, Stephanie A. Loredo, Bruce R. Mate, Kristian Metcalfe, Jacob Nzegoue, Carmen K. Kouerey Oliwina, Rachel A. Orben, Kiyoaki Ozaki, Richard Parnell, Elizabeth P. Pike, Patrick W. Robinson, Howard C. Rosenbaum, Fumio Sato, Scott A. Shaffer, Donna J. Shaver, Samantha E. Simmons, Brian J. Smith, Guy-Philippe Sounguet, Robert M. Suryan, David R. Thompson, Megan Tierney, Dominic Tilley, Hillary S. Young, Victoria Warwick-Evans, Michael J. Weise, Randall S. Wells, Bradley P. Wilkinson, Matthew J. Witt, Sarah M. Maxwell

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Marine protected areas (MPAs), particularly large MPAs, are increasing in number and size around the globe in part to facilitate the conservation of marine megafauna under the assumption that large-scale MPAs better align with vagile life histories; however, this alignment is not well established. Using a global tracking dataset from 36 species across five taxa, chosen to reflect the span of home range size in highly mobile marine megafauna, we show most MPAs are too small to encompass complete home ranges of most species. Based on size alone, 40% of existing MPAs could encompass the home ranges of the smallest …

Examining Ecological Succession Of Diatoms In California Current System Cyclonic Mesoscale Eddies, Zuzanna M. Abdala, Sophie Clayton, Sveinn V. Einarsson, Kimberly Powell, Claire P. Till, Tyler H. Coale, P. Dreux Chappell

OES Faculty Publications

The California Current System is a diatom-dominated region characterized by seasonal coastal upwelling and additional elevated mesoscale activity. Cyclonic mesoscale eddies in the region trap productive coastal waters with their planktonic communities and transport them offshore with limited interaction with surrounding waters, effectively acting as natural mesocosms, where phytoplankton populations undergo ecological succession as eddies age. This study examines diatom community composition within two mesoscale cyclonic eddies that formed in the same region of the California Current System 2 months apart and in the California Current waters surrounding them. The diatom communities were analyzed in the context of shifting environmental …

Finite Index Right-Angled Mock Artin Groups In Right-Angled Mock Reflection Groups, Zachary Marcum

Murray State Theses and Dissertations

Associated to any graph Γ are several groups where their presentations are encoded by Γ. Two such groups are right-angled Coxeter groups and right-angled Artin groups. By introducing more structure to Γ, what we call "local involutions," the graph Γ becomes a right-angled mock reflection system and encodes the presentation of two more groups: right-angled mock reflection groups and right-angled mock Artin groups.

Here we show that every right-angled mock Artin group associated with an n-gon graph with local involutions is a finite index subgroup in some right-angled mock reflection group. We employ a strategy similar to the one Davis …

Synthesis Of Β,Β-Disubstituted Styrenes Via Trimethylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonate-Promoted Aldehyde-Aldehyde Aldol Addition-Deformylative Elimination., Grant J. Dixon, Michael R. Rodriguez, Tyler G. Chong, Kevin Y. Kim, C. Wade Downey

Chemistry Faculty Publications

In the presence of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (TMSOTf) and 2,6-lutidine, α,α-disubstituted aldehydes condense with electron-rich aromatic aldehydes to yield β, β- disubstituted styrenes. More electron-rich aromatic aldehydes react more rapidly and in higher yield. Preliminary results suggest that the reaction may proceed via the ionization and formal deformylation of an aldol intermediate.

Bond Valence Sum Analysis On Compounds Prepared By Topochemical Manipulation, Yasmin Dayeh

All Capstone Projects

The Bond Valence theory of Brown (1978) has been extensively used to correlate metal oxidation state to coordination environment in solids. Although the bond valence sum (BVS) appears to be extremely useful to coordination chemists, it has not often been applied as an alternative measure of refinement quality. In this work, previously reported six layered perovskite compounds including, RbLaNb2O7, Rb2LaNb2O7, Rb2SxLaNb2O7 (x ≤ 0.8), NaLaNb2O7, (Cs2Cl)LaNb2O7, and (FeCl)LaNb2O7, that have been prepared by topochemical manipulation and their structures have been determined by Rietveld refinements were analyzed. Our focus was to explore whether the determination of oxidation state using the bond …

Momentum Of Light In Complex Media, Yuri Obukhov

Turkish Journal of Physics

An important issue in phenomenological macroscopic electrodynamics of moving media is the definition of the energy and momentum of the electromagnetic field in matter. Rather surprisingly, this topic has demonstrated a remarkable longevity, and the problem of the electromagnetic energy and momentum in matter remained open, despite numerous theoretical and experimental investigations. We overview the definition of the momentum of light in matter and demonstrate that, for the correct understanding of the problem, one needs to carefully distinguish situations when the material medium is modeled either as a background for light or as a dynamical part of the total system. …

Investigating The Potential Of Laser-Written One-Dimensional Photonic Crystals Inside Silicon, Onur Tokel

Turkish Journal of Physics

The field of silicon photonics is based on introducing and exploiting advanced optical functionality. Current efforts in the field are based on conventional micro/nanofabrication methods, leading to optical functionality over wafer surfaces. A complementary and emerging field is introducing analogous optics directly within the wafer using lasers. Here we investigate the theoretical feasibility of a subclass of such optics, photonic crystals. Our efforts will guide future experimental efforts towards in-chip spectral control.

Dynamic Task Allocation And Understanding Of Situation Awareness Under Different Levels Of Autonomy In Closed-Hatch Military Vehicles Using Virtual Reality, Jessie E. Cossitt

Link Foundation Modeling, Simulation and Training Fellowship Reports

The current state of the art in autonomous vehicles is partial autonomy, and to optimize the use of these vehicles, it is essential to understand the interactions between the vehicles and their operators. Partially autonomous vehicles require operators to perform parts of the driving task and to be alert and ready to take over full control of the vehicle at any point. Due to the requirements on the human operator, it is necessary to know how the operators' abilities are impacted by the amount of autonomy present in the system. There are known effects of autonomous systems on performance, cognitive …

Finding Aid For The Evelyn Uhrhan Irving Collection (Mum00146)

Archives & Special Collections: Finding Aids (alphabetical)

Correspondence of modern language professor Evelyn Uhrhan Irving with various public officials and media outlets on foreign policy and domestic matters.

Introduction To Analytics And Data Science, Leila Halawi, Amal Clarke, Kelly George

Publications

Learning Objectives

• Identify the different data types and measurements

• Identify the need for data and data sources

• Explain data partitioning and honest assessment

• Identify the necessity of data preparation and curation

• Identify the data preparation process

• Explore SAS VIYA platform and import data

Cansafe: An Mtd Based Approach For Providing Resiliency Against Dos Attack Within In-Vehicle Networks, Ayan Roy, Sanjay Kumar Madria

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Trending towards autonomous transportation systems, modern vehicles are equipped with hundreds of sensors and actuators that increase the intelligence of the vehicles with a higher level of autonomy, as well as facilitate increased communication with entities outside the in-vehicle network. However, increase in a contact point with the outside world has exposed the controller area network (CAN) of a vehicle to remote security vulnerabilities. In particular, an attacker can inject fake high priority messages within the CAN through the contact points, while preventing legitimate messages from controlling the CAN (Denial-of-Service (DoS) attack). In this paper, we propose a Moving Target …

Distributed Decision Making For V2v Charge Sharing In Intelligent Transportation Systems, Punyasha Chatterjee, Pratham Majumder, Arpita Debnath, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Electric vehicles (EVs) have emerged in the intelligent transportation system (ITS) to meet the increasing environmental concerns. To facilitate on-demand requirement of EV charging, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) charge transfer can be employed. However, most of the existing approaches to V2V charge sharing are centralized or semi-centralized, incurring huge message overhead, long waiting time, and infrastructural cost. In this paper, we propose novel distributed heuristic algorithms for V2V charge sharing based on the multi-criteria decision-making policy. The problem is mapped to an alias classical problem (i.e., optimum matching in weighted bipartite graphs), where the goal is to maximize the matching cardinality while …

Delivery With Uavs: A Simulated Dataset Via Ats, Giulio Rigoni, Cristina M. Pinotti, Bhumika, Debasis Das, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

We consider a delivery food service operated by Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). Due to the absence of a dataset on UAVs deliveries in the literature, and since it is not possible to perform real tests, we create a dataset using an open-Air Traffic Simulator (ATS). Precisely, we converted a set of food deliveries operated by wheeled vehicles, proposed in the literature [1], into a set of simulated UAVs deliveries. For each delivery, we ran a UAV flight from the source to the destination. The results showed that, as expected, the UAV's course is shorter than the vehicle trajectory on the …

Active Learning Augmented Folded Gaussian Model For Anomaly Detection In Smart Transportation, Venkata Praveen Kumar Madhavarapu, Prithwiraj Roy, Shameek Bhattacharjee, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Smart transportation networks have become instrumental in smart city applications with the potential to enhance road safety, improve the traffic management system and driving experience. A Traffic Message Channel (TMC) is an IoT device that records the data collected from the vehicles and forwards it to the Roadside Units (RSUs). This data is further processed and shared with the vehicles to inquire the fastest route and incidents that can cause significant delays. The failure of the TMC sensors can have adverse effects on the transportation network. In this paper, we propose a Gaussian distribution-based trust scoring model to identify anomalous …

Spade: Multi-Stage Spam Account Detection For Online Social Networks, Federico Concone, Giuseppe Lo Re, Marco Morana, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

In recent years, Online Social Networks (OSNs) have radically changed the way people communicate. The most widely used platforms, such as Facebook, Youtube, and Instagram, claim more than one billion monthly active users each. Beyond these, news-oriented micro-blogging services, e.g., Twitter, are daily accessed by more than 120 million users sharing contents from all over the world. Unfortunately, legitimate users of the OSNs are mixed with malicious ones, which are interested in spreading unwanted, misleading, harmful, or discriminatory content. Spam detection in OSNs is generally approached by considering the characteristics of the account under analysis, its connection with the rest …

A Novel Echo State Network Autoencoder For Anomaly Detection In Industrial Iot Systems, Fabrizio De Vita, Giorgio Nocera, Dario Bruneo, Sajal K. Das

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) technology had a very strong impact on the realization of smart frameworks for detecting anomalous behaviors that could be potentially dangerous to a system. In this regard, most of the existing solutions involve the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) models running on Edge devices, such as Intelligent Cyber Physical Systems (ICPS) typically equipped with sensing and actuating capabilities. However, the hardware restrictions of these devices make the implementation of an effective anomaly detection algorithm quite challenging. Considering an industrial scenario, where signals in the form of multivariate time-series should be analyzed to perform a …

Mobility Management In Industrial Iot Environments, Marco Pettorali, Francesca Righetti, Carlo Vallati, Sajal K. Das, Giuseppe Anastasi

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) has defined the 6TiSCH architecture to enable the Industrial Inter-net of Things (IIoT). Unfortunately, 6TiSCH does not provide mechanisms to manage node mobility, while many industrial applications involve mobile devices (e.g., mobile robots or wearable devices carried by workers). In this paper, we consider the Synchronized Single-hop Multiple Gateway framework to manage mobility in 6TiSCH networks. For this framework, we address the problem of positioning Border Routers in a deployment area, which is similar to the "Art Gallery"problem, proposing an efficient deployment policy for Border Routers based on geometrical rules. Moreover, we define a …

Creation Of A Neural Network For The American Sign Language To Russian Translation App, John T. Simmons

Capstone Projects

1. A large population of people utilize American Sign Language for their primary method of communication.
2. No commercially available product is available for these people for when they need to communicate with speakers of a foreign language.
3. We must investigate methods to make communication between these two parties easier and more accessible.
4. By using a neural network to classify images of American Sign Language letters, we can build a service to make translation of American Sign Language into foreign languages possible.