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2011

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Articles 541 - 570 of 7765

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

A Gravitational Wave Observatory Operating Beyond The Quantum Shot-Noise Limit: Squeezed Light In Application, J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, Matthew Benacquista, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soumya Mohanty, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Joseph D. Romano Dec 2011

A Gravitational Wave Observatory Operating Beyond The Quantum Shot-Noise Limit: Squeezed Light In Application, J. Abadie, B. P. Abbott, T. D. Abbott, Matthew Benacquista, Teviet Creighton, Mario C. Diaz, Soumya Mohanty, Soma Mukherjee, Volker Quetschke, Joseph D. Romano

Physics & Astronomy Faculty Publications

Around the globe several observatories are seeking the first direct detection of gravitational waves (GWs). These waves are predicted by Einstein's general theory of relativity(1) and are generated, for example, by black-hole binary systems(2). Present GW detectors are Michelson-type kilometre-scale laser interferometers measuring the distance changes between mirrors suspended in vacuum. The sensitivity of these detectors at frequencies above several hundred hertz is limited by the vacuum (zero-point) fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. A quantum technology-the injection of squeezed light(3)-offers a solution to this problem. Here we demonstrate the squeezed-light enhancement of GEO 600, which will be the GW observatory …

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Fabrication Of Mineralized Collagen From Bovine Waste Materials By Hydrothermal Method As Promised Biomaterials, Faheem A. Sheikh, M. A. Kanjwal, Javier Macossay-Torres, Muneeb A. Muhammad, Travis Cantu, Ioannis S. Chronakis, N. A. M. Barakat, Hak Yong Kim Dec 2011

Fabrication Of Mineralized Collagen From Bovine Waste Materials By Hydrothermal Method As Promised Biomaterials, Faheem A. Sheikh, M. A. Kanjwal, Javier Macossay-Torres, Muneeb A. Muhammad, Travis Cantu, Ioannis S. Chronakis, N. A. M. Barakat, Hak Yong Kim

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Chemistry)

In the present study, we aimed to produce mineralized-collagen by hydrothermal process. A simple method not depending on additional foreign chemicals has been employed to isolate the mineralized-collagen fibers from bovine waste. The process of extraction involves the use of hydrothermal method from available bovine bones. The structural and morphological properties of the collagen fibers were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. These results indicated well received collagen fibers, having a diameter less than 1 μm and with established mineral content in the individual fibers. The X-ray diffraction showed the crystalline feature of the obtained nano-compounds. …

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Sufficient Conditions For Uniqueness Of The Weak Value, Justin Dressel, Andrew N. Jordan Dec 2011

Sufficient Conditions For Uniqueness Of The Weak Value, Justin Dressel, Andrew N. Jordan

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

We review and clarify the sufficient conditions for uniquely defining the generalized weak value as the weak limit of a conditioned average using the contextual values formalism introduced in Dressel, Agarwal and Jordan (2010 Phys. Rev. Lett. 104 240401). We also respond to criticism of our work by Parrott (arXiv:1105.4188v1) concerning a proposed counter-example to the uniqueness of the definition of the generalized weak value. The counter-example does not satisfy our prescription in the case of an underspecified measurement context. We show that when the contextual values formalism is properly applied to this example, a natural interpretation of the …

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Revisiting Two-Step Forbush Decreases, Andrew P. Jordan, Harlan E. Spence, J. B. Blake, D. N. A. Shaul Nov 2011

Revisiting Two-Step Forbush Decreases, Andrew P. Jordan, Harlan E. Spence, J. B. Blake, D. N. A. Shaul

Physics & Astronomy

Interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) and their shocks can sweep out galactic cosmic rays (GCRs), thus creating Forbush decreases (FDs). The traditional model of FDs predicts that an ICME and its shock decrease the GCR intensity in a two-step profile. This model, however, has been the focus of little testing. Thus, our goal is to discover whether a passing ICME and its shock inevitably lead to a two-step FD, as predicted by the model. We use cosmic ray data from 14 neutron monitors and, when possible, high time resolution GCR data from the spacecraft International Gamma Ray Astrophysical Laboratory (INTEGRAL). …

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The Fierce Green Fire: Vol. 2 Issue 12, Wofford College Environmental Studies Program Nov 2011

The Fierce Green Fire: Vol. 2 Issue 12, Wofford College Environmental Studies Program

The Fierce Green Fire

No abstract provided.

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Nondestructive Electrothermal Detection Of Corrosion, Brittany Ambeau, Harris Enniss, Stefan Schnake Nov 2011

Nondestructive Electrothermal Detection Of Corrosion, Brittany Ambeau, Harris Enniss, Stefan Schnake

Mathematical Sciences Technical Reports (MSTR)

Nondestructive testing and imaging plays an important role in many industries, e.g., the monitoring and maintenance of corrosion in aircraft. The general technique is to input energy in some form into an object, observe the object’s response, and from this input-output information determine the internal structure. New techniques are always being explored, and recently there has been much interest in methods that use multiple forms of energy. In this vein, we examine a new technique for imaging corrosion or material loss in an object by combining electrical and thermal measurements on some accessible portion of the object’s outer boundary. The …

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An Analysis Of User-Centric Identity Technology Trends, Openid's First Act, Peter Motykowski Nov 2011

An Analysis Of User-Centric Identity Technology Trends, Openid's First Act, Peter Motykowski

Regis University Student Publications (comprehensive collection)

Identity technologies within Internet applications have evolved at an aggressive pace over the past decade. As a result, a variety of user-centric identity management technologies are available on the Internet today. The user-centric identity technology realm has become a fragmented ecosystem of standards, techniques, and technical approaches to identity management. A symptom of this fragmentation is the sluggish adoption of user-centric identity technologies by Internet users. A study titled, An Analysis of User-Centric Identity Technology Trends, OpenID"â„¢s First Act, aims to reveal identity technology adoption patterns of users that engage in the use of Internet applications secured by an authentication …

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Fast Parallel Machine Learning Algorithms For Large Datasets Using Graphic Processing Unit, Qi Li Nov 2011

Fast Parallel Machine Learning Algorithms For Large Datasets Using Graphic Processing Unit, Qi Li

Theses and Dissertations

This dissertation deals with developing parallel processing algorithms for Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) in order to solve machine learning problems for large datasets. In particular, it contributes to the development of fast GPU based algorithms for calculating distance (i.e. similarity, affinity, closeness) matrix. It also presents the algorithm and implementation of a fast parallel Support Vector Machine (SVM) using GPU. These application tools are developed using Compute Unified Device Architecture (CUDA), which is a popular software framework for General Purpose Computing using GPU (GPGPU). Distance calculation is the core part of all machine learning algorithms because the closer the query …

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Spatial And Temporal Variations In The Air-Sea Carbon Dioxide Fluxes Of Florida Bay, Christopher Michael Dufore Nov 2011

Spatial And Temporal Variations In The Air-Sea Carbon Dioxide Fluxes Of Florida Bay, Christopher Michael Dufore

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The flux of CO2 between the ocean and the atmosphere is an important measure in determining local, global, and regional, as well as short term and long term carbon budgets. In this study, air-sea CO2 fluxes measured using a floating chamber were used to examine the spatial and temporal variability of CO2 fluxes in Florida Bay. Measurements of dissolved inorganic carbon and total alkalinity obtained concurrently with chamber measurements of CO2 flux allowed calculation of ΔpCO2 from flux measurements obtained at zero wind velocity. Floating chamber measurements of ΔpCO2 were subsequently coupled with wind speed data to provide a simple …

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Fast Spheroidal Weathering With Colluvium Deposition, Mckay T. Farley Nov 2011

Fast Spheroidal Weathering With Colluvium Deposition, Mckay T. Farley

Theses and Dissertations

It can be difficult to quickly and easily create realistic sandstone terrain. Film makers often need to generate realistic terrain for establishing the setting of their film. Many methods have been created which address terrain generation. One such method is using heightmaps which encode height as a gray-value in a 2d image. Most terrain generation techniques don't admit concavities such as overhangs and arches. We present an algorithm that operates on a voxel grid for creating 3d terrain. Our algorithm uses curvature estimation to weather away the terrain. We speed up our method using a caching mechanism that stores the …

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Simone: Building An Sid Detector For Space Weather Monitoring, Daniel Everding Nov 2011

Simone: Building An Sid Detector For Space Weather Monitoring, Daniel Everding

Honors Capstone Projects and Theses

No abstract provided.

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Investigating Turbulence Transport In The Heliosphere, Lauren Kahre Nov 2011

Investigating Turbulence Transport In The Heliosphere, Lauren Kahre

Honors Capstone Projects and Theses

No abstract provided.

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Retired A Stars And Their Companions. Vii. 18 New Jovian Planets, John Asher Johnson, Christian Clanton, Andrew W. Howard, Brendan P. Bowler, Gregory W. Henry, Geoffrey W. Marcy, Justin R. Crepp, Michael Endl, William D. Cochran, Phillip J. Macqueen, Jason T. Wright, Howard Isaacson Nov 2011

Retired A Stars And Their Companions. Vii. 18 New Jovian Planets, John Asher Johnson, Christian Clanton, Andrew W. Howard, Brendan P. Bowler, Gregory W. Henry, Geoffrey W. Marcy, Justin R. Crepp, Michael Endl, William D. Cochran, Phillip J. Macqueen, Jason T. Wright, Howard Isaacson

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

We report the detection of 18 Jovian planets discovered as part of our Doppler survey of subgiant stars at Keck Observatory, with follow-up Doppler and photometric observations made at McDonald and Fairborn Observatories, respectively. The host stars have masses 0.927 ⩽ M⋆/M☉ ⩽ 1.95, radii 2.5 ⩽ R⋆/R☉ ⩽ 8.7, and metallicities −0.46 ⩽ [Fe/H] ⩽+0.30. The planets have minimum masses 0.9 MJup ⩽ MPsin i ≲ 13 MJup and semimajor axes a ⩾ 0.76 AU. These detections represent a 50% increase in the number of planets known to orbit stars more massive than 1.5 M☉ and provide valuable additional …

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Absolute Properties Of The Highly Eccentric, Solar-Type Eclipsing Binary Hd 74057, James R. Sowell, Gregory W. Henry, Francis C. Fekel Nov 2011

Absolute Properties Of The Highly Eccentric, Solar-Type Eclipsing Binary Hd 74057, James R. Sowell, Gregory W. Henry, Francis C. Fekel

Information Systems and Engineering Management Research Publications

We have obtained Strömgren b and y differential photometric observations of the solar-type eclipsing binary HD 74057 plus follow-up high-resolution, red wavelength spectroscopic observations. The system has an orbital period of 31.2198 days, a high eccentricity of 0.47, and is seen almost exactly edge on with an inclination of 89fdg8. The two main-sequence G0 stars are nearly identical in all physical characteristics. We used the Wilson–Devinney program to obtain a simultaneous solution of our photometric and spectroscopic observations. The resulting masses of the components are M1 = 1.138 ± 0.003 M☉ and M2 = 1.131 ± 0.003 M☉, and the …

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Using Lectinmicroarrays To Identify Regulatory Mechanisms For Mammalian Glycosylation, John F. Rakus Nov 2011

Using Lectinmicroarrays To Identify Regulatory Mechanisms For Mammalian Glycosylation, John F. Rakus

Chemistry Faculty Research

Glycosylation involves the post-translational addition of carbohydrates to protein molecules and is an intricate and indispensable biochemical process. Study of this complicated network of interactions is hindered by the lack of a coding template analogous to the genetic code, and by the vast structural complexity inherent to carbohydrate polymers. We use lectins (non-enzymatic carbohydrate-binding proteins of non-immunological origin) as microarray probes to identify carbohydrate features expressed on cellular surfaces. Specifically, we utilized lectin microarray technology to investigate the differences in carbohydrates expressed by the cell lines of the Nation Cancer Institute’s NCI-60 panel. Our investigation identified tissue-specific expression differences in …

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Exploration And Comparison Of Methods For Combining Population- And Family-Based Genetic Association Using The Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 Mini-Exome, David W. Fardo, Anthony R. Druen, Jinze Liu, Lucia Mirea, Claire Infante-Rivard, Patrick Breheny Nov 2011

Exploration And Comparison Of Methods For Combining Population- And Family-Based Genetic Association Using The Genetic Analysis Workshop 17 Mini-Exome, David W. Fardo, Anthony R. Druen, Jinze Liu, Lucia Mirea, Claire Infante-Rivard, Patrick Breheny

Biostatistics Faculty Publications

We examine the performance of various methods for combining family- and population-based genetic association data. Several approaches have been proposed for situations in which information is collected from both a subset of unrelated subjects and a subset of family members. Analyzing these samples separately is known to be inefficient, and it is important to determine the scenarios for which differing methods perform well. Others have investigated this question; however, no extensive simulations have been conducted, nor have these methods been applied to mini-exome-style data such as that provided by Genetic Analysis Workshop 17. We quantify the empirical power and false-positive …

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Energy Efficient, Adaptive And Collaborative Data Sampling In Wireless Sensor Networks, Tommy Szalapski, Sanjay Kumar Madria Nov 2011

Energy Efficient, Adaptive And Collaborative Data Sampling In Wireless Sensor Networks, Tommy Szalapski, Sanjay Kumar Madria

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

This paper outlines some interesting research issues and solution approaches related to collaborative data sampling in wireless sensor networks for efficient energy and bandwidth utilization. © 2011 IEEE.

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A Multi-Tiered Architecture For Content Retrieval In Mobile Peer-To-Peer Networks, Neelanjana Dutta, Raghavendra Kotikalapudi, Abhinav Saxena, Sriram Chellappan Nov 2011

A Multi-Tiered Architecture For Content Retrieval In Mobile Peer-To-Peer Networks, Neelanjana Dutta, Raghavendra Kotikalapudi, Abhinav Saxena, Sriram Chellappan

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

In this paper, we address content retrieval in Mobile Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Networks. We design a multi-tiered architecture for content retrieval, where at Tier 1, we design a protocol for content similarity governed by a parametera that trades accuracy with search overhead. at Tier 2, we introduce a novel concept called Chained Bloom Filters and design a protocol where popular search items are linked with popular content at each node in an efficient manner for subsequent retrieval. Extensive analysis and numerical simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques. © 2011 IEEE.

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Agile Innovation Management, Arcot Desai Narasimhalu Nov 2011

Agile Innovation Management, Arcot Desai Narasimhalu

Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems

The volume and velocity of innovations are on the increase resulting in increased pressures on every company for attaining, retaining and increasing its market leadership. Many companies need to retool their innovation management processes to address two agility related objectives in order to survive and grow in such a rapidly changing innovation environment. The first objective would be the ability to assemble an innovation team within the shortest possible time. This can only be satisfied by companies that are capable of forming innovation teams rather quickly. The related second objective would be to reduce the I2M (Idea to Market) cycle …

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Energy-Efficient Real-Time Data Compression In Wireless Sensor Networks, Tommy Szalapski, Sanjay Madria Nov 2011

Energy-Efficient Real-Time Data Compression In Wireless Sensor Networks, Tommy Szalapski, Sanjay Madria

Computer Science Faculty Research & Creative Works

Wireless sensor networks possess significant limitations in storage, bandwidth, and power. Additionally, real-time sensor networks cannot tolerate high latency. While some good compression algorithms exist specific to sensor networks, in this paper we present an energy-efficient method with high compression ratio that reduces latency, storage and bandwidth usage further in comparison with some other recently proposed algorithms. Our Huffman style compression scheme exploits temporal locality and delta compression to provide better bandwidth utilization in the network, thus reducing latency for real time applications. Our performance evaluations show comparable compression ratios and energy savings with a significant decrease in latency compared …

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Dipole-Dipole Interaction Between Rubidium Rydberg Atoms, Emily Altiere, Donald P. Fahey, Michael W. Noel, Rachel J. Smith, Thomas J. Carroll Nov 2011

Dipole-Dipole Interaction Between Rubidium Rydberg Atoms, Emily Altiere, Donald P. Fahey, Michael W. Noel, Rachel J. Smith, Thomas J. Carroll

Physics and Astronomy Faculty Publications

Ultracold Rydberg atoms in a static electric field can exchange energy via the dipole-dipole interaction. The Stark effect shifts the energy levels of the atoms which tunes the energy exchange into resonance at specific values of the electric field (F¨orster resonances). We excite rubidium atoms to Rydberg states by focusing either a 480 nm beam from a tunable dye laser or a pair of diode lasers into a magneto-optical trap. The trap lies at the center of a configuration of electrodes. We scan the electric field by controlling the voltage on the electrodes while measuring the fraction of atoms that …

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Mobile Os And Peer-To-Peer Gaming Integration With Iphone Ios, Stephen Jackson Nov 2011

Mobile Os And Peer-To-Peer Gaming Integration With Iphone Ios, Stephen Jackson

Senior Seminars

Smartphones enable a new rich user experience in pervasive computing. This paper presents a report of a system that delivers customized gaming content to mobile devices. As a demonstration of this system's capabilities, an application was designed to deliver peer-to-peer game play throughout Apple iPhones.

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Examining The Effects Of Recycling Education On The Knowledge, Attitudes, And Behaviors Of Elementary School Students, Hannah Williams '12 Nov 2011

Examining The Effects Of Recycling Education On The Knowledge, Attitudes, And Behaviors Of Elementary School Students, Hannah Williams '12

Outstanding Senior Seminar Papers

In order to promote environmental sustainability, the Unit 5 School District in McLean County, Illinois has recognized the need to increase recycling rates within the district. As a part of the efforts to encourage recycling in Unit 5 schools, this study considers the barriers that may prevent the effective implementation of environmental education programs in school curricula, as well as the elements that contribute to the success of these programs. Furthermore, this study examines the effects of recycling educational programs on the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of second and third grade students at Fox Creek Elementary School in Bloomington, Illinois. …

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Modeling Free-Carrier Absorption And Avalanching By Ultrashort Laser Pulses, Jeremy R. Gulley Nov 2011

Modeling Free-Carrier Absorption And Avalanching By Ultrashort Laser Pulses, Jeremy R. Gulley

Faculty Articles

In the past decade it was demonstrated experimentally that negatively-chirped laser pulses can lower the surface LIDT for wide band-gap materials by decreasing the number of photons required for photoionization on the leading edge of the pulse. Similarly, simulations have shown that positively-chirped pulses resulting from selffocusing and self-phase modulation in bulk dielectrics can alter the onset of laser-induced material modifications by increasing the number of photons required for photoionization on the leading edge of the pulse. However, the role of multi-chromatic effects in free-carrier absorption and avalanching has yet to be addressed. In this work a frequency-selective model of …

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Corrosion Behaviors Of 316 Stainless Steel Weldment Studied By Array Reference Electrodes, Wang-Huo Yang, Rong-Gang Hu, Chen-Qing Ye, Wei Hang, Ning Li, Chang-Jian Lin Nov 2011

Corrosion Behaviors Of 316 Stainless Steel Weldment Studied By Array Reference Electrodes, Wang-Huo Yang, Rong-Gang Hu, Chen-Qing Ye, Wei Hang, Ning Li, Chang-Jian Lin

Journal of Electrochemistry

The array reference electrodes were developed to in situ measure the potential distributions of the welded 316 stainless steel in 12% FeCl3 solution, combined with metallographic analysis, polarization curve, EIS measurement and Kelvin volta potential imaging. It was indicated that the weld zone of metal suffered a serious preferential corrosion when immersed in the environment due to the distinct changes of structure and composition during the welding process. With time prolonging, the corrosion potential of the welding zone was negatively shifted to a maximum value, and then declined gradually. At 45 min immersion, the corrosion development from welding zone to …

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Electroless Plating Silver Without Pd Activation On Polyamide Fabrics And Its Properties, Yun Meng, Ya-Ping Zhao, Zai-Sheng Cai Nov 2011

Electroless Plating Silver Without Pd Activation On Polyamide Fabrics And Its Properties, Yun Meng, Ya-Ping Zhao, Zai-Sheng Cai

Journal of Electrochemistry

Silver was deposited on the surface of polyaniline coated polyamide fabrics by electroless plating without using conventional palladium chloride solution as activator．Effects of electroless plating conditions such as the concentrations of silver nitrate, reducing agent glucose, complexing agent ammonium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide in the bath, as well as the depositing time and bath temperature on the rate of metal deposition and the square resistance were studied. Optimum electroless plating conditions were: 30℃, 50 min, with silver nitrate 12 g/L, ammonium hydroxide 100 ml/L, glucose 2.8 g/L, sodium hydroxide 8 g/L. Meanwhile, effects of the intermediate polyaniline layer on the metal …

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Microemulsion Preparation And Electrochemical Characterization Of Pt/C, Ptir/C Electrocatalysts, Ya-Ping Zeng, Sheng Sui Nov 2011

Microemulsion Preparation And Electrochemical Characterization Of Pt/C, Ptir/C Electrocatalysts, Ya-Ping Zeng, Sheng Sui

Journal of Electrochemistry

The Pt/C electrocatalysts were prepared by three different systems and the PtIr/C electrocatalysts were prepared with four different Ir contents. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), potentiostatic and potentiodynamic polarizations measurements. The experimental results confirmed that the electrocatalyst particles prepared by the microemulsion method were well distributed on XC-72R supports with the active particle sizes of 5～10nm and good electrocatalysts activity. The Pt85Ir15/C electrocatalysts showed the highest overall electrochemical activity in unitized regenerative fuel cell.

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The Electrochemical Properties Of Cathode Materials LimXV3-XO8, Hui Yang, Gang-Gang Zhao, Juan Li Nov 2011

The Electrochemical Properties Of Cathode Materials LimXV3-XO8, Hui Yang, Gang-Gang Zhao, Juan Li

Journal of Electrochemistry

The cathode material of LiMxV3-xO8 was fabricated by sol-gel method using citric acid as a chelating agent and doping transition metal ions M (Mn, Ti, Co and Ni). The structure, morphology and electrochemical proprieties of the LiMxV3-xO8 samples were investigated by XRD, TGA/DTA, SEM, charge-discharge and CV measurements. The results showed that different calcining temperatures result in different structures and morphologies, which lead to different discharge capacities. The specific discharge capacity of the sample calcined at 500℃ for 6 h was up to 300.4 mAh/g in the first cycle, and the capacity decreased with the …

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Electrocatalytic Determination Of 15 Kinds Of Phenolic Compounds By Novel Gold Nanoparticles-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode, Yan-Ping Cui, Wei-Xing Wang, Chang-Zhu Yang, Wen-Hong Pu Nov 2011

Electrocatalytic Determination Of 15 Kinds Of Phenolic Compounds By Novel Gold Nanoparticles-Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode, Yan-Ping Cui, Wei-Xing Wang, Chang-Zhu Yang, Wen-Hong Pu

Journal of Electrochemistry

A gold nanoparticles modified glassy carbon electrode (Au/GCE) was used to detect 15 kinds of phenolic compounds. In the cyclic voltammetry measurements, the peak currents of phenolic compounds at Au/GCE were all increased as compared with GCE and planar gold electrodes, and the oxidation potentials were determined by the activity of analytes. Besides, electrocatalysis of salicylic acid was studied at Au/GCE. The results showed that, there was a good linear relationship between the oxidation current and the concentration of salicylic acid, and the current sensitivity was 1.8 fold higher than that obtained on GCE. Trace phenolic compounds determination could be …

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Preparation And Characterization Of Casno3 Anode Material For Lithium Ion Batteries, Ran Sun, Zi-Geng Liu, Ya-Qi Jiang Nov 2011

Preparation And Characterization Of Casno3 Anode Material For Lithium Ion Batteries, Ran Sun, Zi-Geng Liu, Ya-Qi Jiang

Journal of Electrochemistry

In this study the precursor CaSn(OH)6 was prepared via a hydrothermal process, and its composition, surface feature and phase-transition were characterized by XRD, SEM and DSC-TGA. The shapes of CaSn(OH)6 crystals were effectively controlled by adjusting the volumn ratio of H2O and CH3CH2OH solvents. Perovskite CaSnO3 could be obtained by calcination of CaSn(OH)6 at 800 ℃. The reversible capacity of 334.4 mAh/g with good cycling stability could be achieved with the CaSnO3 electrode.

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