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2007

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Articles 5101 - 5130 of 5729

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Synthetic Approach To Epibatidine From 1-(Phenylsulfonyl)Pyrrole, Brandon G. Vanness Jan 2007

Synthetic Approach To Epibatidine From 1-(Phenylsulfonyl)Pyrrole, Brandon G. Vanness

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The goal of this research was to synthesize the natural product epibatidine, a non-opiate analgesic and nicotinic acetylcholine agonist isolated from Epipedobates tricolor. A synthetic pathway utilizing a Diels-Alder cycloaddition of a 3-pyridyl substituted pyrrole and tosylacetylene was conceived based upon the original mass spectral fragmentation pathway of epibatidine determined by Daly. Although this pathway had been previously attempted using 1-(triisopropyl)-3-[5-(2-chloropyridyl)]pyrrole in the key Diels-Alder step, the lack of cycloadduct suggested that a pyrrole with a more electron withdrawing protecting group was required for this step. Therefore, synthesis of 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-3-[5-(2-chloropyridyl)]pyrrole via a palladium catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of 1-(phenylsulfonyl)-3-pyrroline and …

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Synthesis And Electrical Properties Of Fluorenyl Polyesters Incorporating Diamond Fragments, Kevin John Wiacek Jan 2007

Synthesis And Electrical Properties Of Fluorenyl Polyesters Incorporating Diamond Fragments, Kevin John Wiacek

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Based on the paradigm of diamond as a wide band-gap electrical insulator, molecular counterparts to crystalline diamond (cyclohexane, adamantane, and diamantane) were incorporated into a high-temperature fluorenyl polyester (FPE) with the intent of increasing the breakdown strength. The effect of incorporating a CycloteneTM thermoset as a crosslinking agent to increase the dielectric strength and the self-healing phenomena of these polymers were also investigated. Polymers were synthesized using 9,9-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)fluorene and the diacid chloride of cyclohexane, adamantane, and diamantane. Thin films of the polymers were cast from chloroform and the electrical properties were investigated. The polyester incorporating the largest diamond fragment had …

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Evidence Of A Pre-Mount Simon, Half-Graben In Greene County, Ohio By Reprocessing A Wright State University Seismic Line, John Sink Jan 2007

Evidence Of A Pre-Mount Simon, Half-Graben In Greene County, Ohio By Reprocessing A Wright State University Seismic Line, John Sink

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The reprocessing of the WSU2002 seismic line indicates the presence of a Precambrian half-graben. Also observed through this reprocessing is the possible presence of Paleozoic structures. Although Paleozoic features have been interpreted, variations in glacial drift thickness evidenced by glacial drift maps also may have contributed to a lower quality of stacked section in comparison to other seismic lines. WSU2002 was originally processed by Lauren Geophysical. The Lauren processing resulted in an image that was of much lower quality than corresponding seismic lines. The Lauren Geophysical processed section revealed many horizontal Paleozoic reflections, with no prominent reflectors beneath the Paleozoic. …

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Computational Methods For The Objective Review Of Forensic Dna Testing Results, Jason R. Gilder Jan 2007

Computational Methods For The Objective Review Of Forensic Dna Testing Results, Jason R. Gilder

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Since the advent of criminal investigations, investigators have sought a "gold standard" for the evaluation of forensic evidence. Currently, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) technology is the most reliable method of identification. Short Tandem Repeat (STR) DNA genotyping has the potential for impressive match statistics, but the methodology not infallible. The condition of an evidentiary sample and potential issues with the handling and testing of a sample can lead to significant issues with the interpretation of DNA testing results. Forensic DNA interpretation standards are determined by laboratory validation studies that often involve small sample sizes. This dissertation presents novel methodologies to address …

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Synthetic Routes To A Fused-Ring Sydnoquinazoline, Gregory Edmond Storer Jan 2007

Synthetic Routes To A Fused-Ring Sydnoquinazoline, Gregory Edmond Storer

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In this research, 5-methylsydno-[3,4-a]quinazoline was synthesized via multiple methodologies, the best of which yielded the target compound in 50 % overall yield for the six steps. Synthesis of this compound in reasonable yields and exploration of its chemical behavior is of particular interest as a putative NO-prodrug. As an initial approach to the synthesis and accumulation of the compound of interest, attempts were made to optimize the existing synthetic pathway to its precursors. The starting material, 3-(2-acetylphenyl)sydnone, was prepared in 3 steps from commercially available starting material in good yields. This sydnone compound was then converted to the versatile intermediate, …

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Mutually Orthogonal Latin Squares Based On Z3X Z9, James Michael Carter Jan 2007

Mutually Orthogonal Latin Squares Based On Z3X Z9, James Michael Carter

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This paper will investigate the number of mutually orthogonal latin squares, MOLS, that can be constructed using elements from the group G = Z3x Z9. In calculating this number, it is necessary to consider the group under the action of the homomorphism f : G → K defined by f ((g1, g2))=(g1mod 3, g2mod 3) so that K ≅ Im(G) is isomorphic to Z3x Z3, so that the action of f is to create the quotient group K = G/<(0, 3)>. …

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Geophysical Reconnaissance Of Karst Features Associated With Sinkholes On The Antioch University Campus In Yellow Springs, Ohio: Western Area, Brent Matthew Zerkel Jan 2007

Geophysical Reconnaissance Of Karst Features Associated With Sinkholes On The Antioch University Campus In Yellow Springs, Ohio: Western Area, Brent Matthew Zerkel

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Antioch University is located in Yellow Springs, OH. This study was conducted on the Antioch University Campus in the commons area and is concentrated on the area west of the easternmost sinkhole. The primary purpose of this study is to locate and identify buried anomalous karst features, such as joints and collapses that may be hazardous to nearby buildings on the Antioch University Campus. The secondary purposes of this study are to identify remaining features in the geophysical data that may be related to manmade structures, and to identify areas for future studies. It is known that an 8-inch steel …

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Seasonal Variation In The Redox Zones And Biogeochemical Processes Within The Constructed Wetland, Yussuf Mohamud Jan 2007

Seasonal Variation In The Redox Zones And Biogeochemical Processes Within The Constructed Wetland, Yussuf Mohamud

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This research investigation focuses on the vertical distribution of dissolved inorganic species in the pore-water affected by redox processes and seasonal changes within a small constructed wetland located at the Wright-Patterson Air Force Base. This is a follow up study to an earlier investigation (Lach, 2004) at this site in 2003. Water samples were collected from influent, effluent and three layers of the constructed wetland through a network of nested piezometers in the vertical flow wetland from June 2005 to June 2006. Onsite analysis of temperature, pH and conductivity were carried out onsite. Major anions and cations were measured by …

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Modifiable Poly(Arylene Ether)S And Hyperbranched Poly(Esters), Brian Scott Werry Jan 2007

Modifiable Poly(Arylene Ether)S And Hyperbranched Poly(Esters), Brian Scott Werry

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Two different polymer systems have been studied in regards to their potential for functionalization to introduce new characteristics to the polymer. The first polymer system is a poly(arylene ether) with a truly pendant sulfone group from the monomer 3,5-difluorodiphenylsulfone. The work entails incorporating a bromine moiety onto the monomer for the versatile ability to bring in functional groups prior to or post the polymerization. The introduction of bromine onto the pendant ring had the best results from electrophilic bromine addition using N-bromosuccinimide in a mixture of sulfuric acid and acetic acid (80:20) yielding 76% of the desired material. Incorporation of …

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Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy Of Molecular Bromine: Observations Of Emission To High Vibrational Levels In The Ground (X) State, David Jonathan Postell Jan 2007

Laser Induced Fluorescence Spectroscopy Of Molecular Bromine: Observations Of Emission To High Vibrational Levels In The Ground (X) State, David Jonathan Postell

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The Laser Induced Fluorescence spectrum of the B - X system of molecular bromine was recorded using a Red and Near Infrared sensitive PMT coupled to a scanning monochromator. A 543 nm HeNe laser was used to excite three resonances. Assignment of those resonances was made. A line narrowed Nd:YAG laser was used to excite eight fluorescence progressions, six from the (79,81) bromine isotopomer and one each from the (79,79) bromine and (81,81) bromine isotopomers. Analysis of the visible bands helped determine the resonances excited by the Nd:YAG laser. Fluorescence in the near infrared region, 9500 - 14000 angstroms, was …

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Comparative Investigation Of Dosimetric Tools In Imrt, Aaron Nicholas Garcia Jan 2007

Comparative Investigation Of Dosimetric Tools In Imrt, Aaron Nicholas Garcia

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Verification of the isodose distribution delivered to the planned tumor volume is required for quality assurance in the clinic. Verification in this context means ensuring that the actual dose delivered to a volume matches the dose that a computerized planning system intended that volume to receive. The computerized planning is performed by a Computerized Medical Systems (CMS) Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) plan. Two methods of measuring the delivered dose are film dosimetry and diode dosimetry. This project will compare the relative isodose distribution profiles of film dosimetry and MapCheck (Sun Nuclear Corporation, a diode-based dosimetry system) to the relative …

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Summaritive Digest For Large Document Repositories With Application To E-Rulemaking, Lijun Chen Jan 2007

Summaritive Digest For Large Document Repositories With Application To E-Rulemaking, Lijun Chen

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Large document repositories need to be organized and summarized to make them more accessible and understandable. Such needs exist in many applications, including web search, e-rulemaking (electronic rulemaking) and document archiving. Even though much has been done in the areas of document clustering and summarization, there are still many new challenges and issues that need to be addressed as the repositories become larger, more prevalent and dynamic. In this dissertation, we investigate more informative ways to organize and summarize large document repositories, especially e-rulemaking feedback repositories (ERFRs), so that the large repositories can be managed and digested more efficiently and …

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Hydrophobically Modified Polyethyleneimines And Ethoxylated Polyethyleneimines, Michael Joseph Simons Jan 2007

Hydrophobically Modified Polyethyleneimines And Ethoxylated Polyethyleneimines, Michael Joseph Simons

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The modification of the commercially available polymers polyethyleneimines and ethoxylated polyethyleneimines took place with approximately a 3-10% alkylbromide modification followed by, in the case of the polyethyleneimines, a 2-hydroxypropyl modification, using propylene oxide, on the order of 65-70%. The objective was to increase the hydrophobicity of the polymer while keeping the cloud point above 60°C. Another approach taken was to form hydrophobic ethers from ethoxylated polyethyleneimine. We also added a 2-hydroxy ethyl group to a hexylated polyethyleneimine avoiding the use of ethylene oxide or drying EPI.

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Tailoring Branching For Poly (Arylene Ether)S Via Reactivity Ratio Controlled Polymerizations, Amanda Ike Jan 2007

Tailoring Branching For Poly (Arylene Ether)S Via Reactivity Ratio Controlled Polymerizations, Amanda Ike

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The ability to control physical and mechanical properties of polymer systems has become an important aspect of polymer science. In order to tailor the branching in polymer systems, an understanding into the reactivity of the electrophilic sites in the monomer is important. Kinetic methods have been explored in order to determine the reactivity of monomers in preparing poly(arylene ether)s and to predict the degree of branching that will occur in a polymer of this kind. The reactivity of AB2 sulfones and phosphine oxides was explored, along with the reactivity of ABB'B'' sulfones. NMR spectroscopy was used as a probe into …

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Fabrication Of Silver Nanoparticles By Solution Phase Method And Physical Characterization Of Their Arrays, Jaesung Oh Jan 2007

Fabrication Of Silver Nanoparticles By Solution Phase Method And Physical Characterization Of Their Arrays, Jaesung Oh

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Synthesis of silver nanostructures has been an active research area for many decades because of their importance in biological sensing, imaging, electronics, optoelectronics and catalysis. In particular, much effort has been devoted to the controlled synthesis of silver nanowires because of their potential use as interconnects or active components in fabricating nanoscale devices. The solution phase method is used here to form Ag nanoparticles by reducing silver nitrate with ethylene glycol heated to 160°C. The additional presence of polyvinyl pyrrolidone plays a role of stabilizer to prevent an agglomeration and/or a capping agent to produce highly anisotropic nanowires. Silver nanoparticles …

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Impact Of Land Use On Water Quality In The Indian Lake Watershed: An Integrated Geographic Information Systems Approach, Michael Belke Jan 2007

Impact Of Land Use On Water Quality In The Indian Lake Watershed: An Integrated Geographic Information Systems Approach, Michael Belke

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Geology and land use and land cover are the most important factors that influence water quality. The purpose of this study is to investigate how these factors operate in a rural watershed. Specifically, this thesis tests the feasibility of a proposed formula to relate how land use affects surface water quality and to infer hydrogeochemical reactions that control water chemistry through hydrogeochemical speciation and mineral stability relationships. Samples were collected from Indian Lake and its watershed in West-Central Ohio. BASINS, produced by the USEPA, was then used to delineate sub-watersheds and find the land use areas of these watersheds. The …

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Analysis Of Very Large Scale Image Data Using Out-Of-Core Technique And Automated 3d Reconstruction Using Calibrated Images, Chandrashekara Hassan Raju Jan 2007

Analysis Of Very Large Scale Image Data Using Out-Of-Core Technique And Automated 3d Reconstruction Using Calibrated Images, Chandrashekara Hassan Raju

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Analysis of large scale volumetric data sets is very important from the researcher's and technological point of view as it helps in understanding and analyzing the original data. For example, when analyzing volumetric images from cast arteries of pigs, it is essential to apply a suitable segmentation in order to retrieve morphometric data from the scanned image. Due to improved scanning technology, such as MicroCT, these scanned images can get as large as several gigabytes in size. In order to analyze such large scale data sets on common desktop computers is a challenge due to limited main memory. By using …

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Polarization Reversal In Potassium Titanyl Phosphate, William D. Mitchell Jan 2007

Polarization Reversal In Potassium Titanyl Phosphate, William D. Mitchell

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Polarization reversal in both hydrothermal and flux grown potassium titanyl phosphate was studied using square pulses at room temperature from 1600 V/mm to 5000 V/mm. Maximum switching current and inverse switching time data is compared to the ferroelectric polarization reversal model developed by Fatuzzo and Merz in the last century. Room temperature calculation of spontaneous polarization is reported and compared to that of potassium titanyl phosphate in the literature.

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Simple Descriptors For Modeling The Solubility Of Gases, Alcohols, And Halogenated Hydrocarbons In Water, Sule Sidigu Jan 2007

Simple Descriptors For Modeling The Solubility Of Gases, Alcohols, And Halogenated Hydrocarbons In Water, Sule Sidigu

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The Statmost, QSARIS, Excel, and SAS programs were used to model the solubility of gases, alcohols, and halogenated hydrocarbons in water using simple physical and topological descriptors. The alcohols were well-modeled using measures of the number of carbons, terminal methyls, and steric hindrance about the hydroxyl group. Molecular mass, boiling point, and critical volume or critical pressure were the best descriptors for the halogenated hydrocarbons. Critical pressure was the most applicable single descriptor for the gases. Molecular mass and boiling point also yielded good results for the gases and halogenated hydrocarbons when regressed together.

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Gpu-Assisted Rendering Of Large Tree-Shaped Data Sets, Pallavi Ramachandra Mangalvedkar Jan 2007

Gpu-Assisted Rendering Of Large Tree-Shaped Data Sets, Pallavi Ramachandra Mangalvedkar

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Due to their complexity, medical data sets can easily comprise of several gigabytes in size. For example, geometric representations of a coronary arterial tree spanning vessels from the large proximal coronary arteries down to the capillary level consist of 6 gigabytes or more of geometry data, depending on the accuracy of the geometric representation. Visualization of such large data sets using the CPU alone can be inefficient and time consuming since they require special out-of-core techniques due to the size of the data set. The usage of the GPU can help render such data sets faster compared to CPU-based implementations …

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Formation Of A Sydno[3,4- A]Indolone And Reactions Thereof, Ryan Christopher Vikan Jan 2007

Formation Of A Sydno[3,4- A]Indolone And Reactions Thereof, Ryan Christopher Vikan

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In the present work, a synthetic route to the formation of a sydno[3,4- a]indolone was explored in the hope of attaining the first example of a fused-ring sydnone with an sp2-hybridized bridge. Formation of this product and exploration of its chemical behavior was anticipated to be of particular interest to the formation of NO-releasing prodrugs. A direct synthetic pathway to yield the target sydnoindolone starting from 3-(2-methoxycarbonylphenyl)sydnone and reaction with a base was proposed and explored. Attempted formation and isolation of the target sydnoindolone proved impossible under a variety of different conditions, undoubtedly due to the instability of this …

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Design And Implementation Of Timeline Application For News Documents, Mastan Vali Shaik Jan 2007

Design And Implementation Of Timeline Application For News Documents, Mastan Vali Shaik

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The growing News document archive emphasizes the need for efficient techniques to retrieve and visualize its content. We present a timeline based graphical interface for this purpose. The timeline is a graph of number of documents supporting association between entity (event, country, person, etc) etc and event (entity, country, person, etc) with respect to dates. The query is formulated based on entity, event, country, and person metadata extracted from the text of the News documents by analyzing the documents using proprietary name-entity recognizers. The timeline also provides a means to index and access relevant documents. Associations inferred on the basis …

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Fuel Flow Control Issue In Jet Engines: An Evolvable Hardware Approach, Kshitij S. Deshpande Jan 2007

Fuel Flow Control Issue In Jet Engines: An Evolvable Hardware Approach, Kshitij S. Deshpande

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Dealing with unexpected dynamic loads in Jet and Turbine engines have always been a matter of concern and an active area of research. This thesis is an initial attempt to apply Evolvable Hardware methods for augmenting classical control methods in a generic turbine engine model. In this work, the Air Force Research Laboratory Generic Turbine Engine Model was converted into C and interfaced with a simulation of a EH VLSI control chip currently under development. The simulated EH device was allowed to evolve to augment the simulated engine's standard FADEC controller so that the whole system could tolerate unexpected, large …

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Comparative Microarray Data Mining, Shihong Mao Jan 2007

Comparative Microarray Data Mining, Shihong Mao

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As a revolutionary technology, microarrays have great potential to provide genome-wide patterns of gene expression, to make accurate medical diagnosis, and to explore genetic causes underlying diseases. It is commonly believed that suitable analysis of microarray datasets can lead to achieve the above goals. While much has been done in microarray data mining, few previous studies, if any, focused on multiple datasets at the comparative level. This dissertation aims to fill this gap by developing tools and methods for set-based comparative microarray data mining. Specifically, we mine highly differentiative gene groups (HDGGs) from given datasets/classes, evaluate the concordance of datasets …

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A Hybrid Approach To Retrieving Web Documents And Semantic Web Data, Trivikram Immaneni Jan 2007

A Hybrid Approach To Retrieving Web Documents And Semantic Web Data, Trivikram Immaneni

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The Semantic Web has been evolving into a property-linked web of RDF data, conceptually divorced from (but physically housed in) the World Wide Web of hyperlinked documents. Data Retrieval techniques are typically used to retrieve data from the Semantic Web while Information Retrieval techniques are used to retrieve documents from the Hypertext Web. Conceptually unifying the two webs enables the exploitation of their interconnections resulting in benefits to both data and document retrieval. Towards this end, we present the Unified Web model that integrates the two webs and formalizes the structure and the semantics of their interconnections. We present a …

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Results From The Dc-8 Inlet Characterization Experiment (Dice): Airborne Versus Surface Sampling Of Mineral Dust And Sea Salt Aerosols, Cameron S. Mcnaughton, Antony D. Clarke, Steven G. Howell, Mitchell Pinkerton, Bruce Anderson, Lee Thornhill, Charlie Hudgins, Edward Winstead, Jack E. Dibb, Eric Scheuer, Hal Maring Jan 2007

Results From The Dc-8 Inlet Characterization Experiment (Dice): Airborne Versus Surface Sampling Of Mineral Dust And Sea Salt Aerosols, Cameron S. Mcnaughton, Antony D. Clarke, Steven G. Howell, Mitchell Pinkerton, Bruce Anderson, Lee Thornhill, Charlie Hudgins, Edward Winstead, Jack E. Dibb, Eric Scheuer, Hal Maring

United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Publications

During May and June of 2003 NASA conducted the DC-8 Inlet Characterization Experiment (DICE). The study was undertaken to quantify the performance of three passive, solid diffuser inlets used aboard the DC-8 aircraft to sample optically effective aerosol sizes. Aerosol optical properties measured behind the University of Hawai’i (UH) and the University of New Hampshire (UNH) inlets were within 10% of the ground based measurements whereas the NASA Langley (LaRC) inlet reduced scattering values for supermicrometer dust by approximately 50%. Based on the DICE results the aerodynamic 50% passing efficiency of the inlets and transport plumbing is determined to be …

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Origin Of Kaolin Deposits: Evidence From The Hisarcık (Emet-Kütahya) Deposits, Western Turkey, Ali̇ Sayin Jan 2007

Origin Of Kaolin Deposits: Evidence From The Hisarcık (Emet-Kütahya) Deposits, Western Turkey, Ali̇ Sayin

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Kaolin deposits, situated approximately 20 km south of Hisarcık, have been formed by the alteration of dacite and dacitic tuffs related to the Miocene volcanism associated with extensional tectonics. The Hisarcık kaolin deposits occur in the Kızılcukur, Ulaşlar and Kurtdere areas. Kaolinite is the only clay mineral associated with a-quartz, K-feldspar, plagioclase, alunite, natroalunite and hematite in some kaolins, whereas, other kaolinite accompanies smectite, which represents a moderate kaolinization. Low-cristobalite is the dominant silica mineral in these kaolins. In spite of strong kaolinization, the kaolins contain a high amount of finely-disseminated a-quartz in places, resulting in low Al_2O_3 values (13.80 …

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Intracontinental Quaternary Volcanism In The Niksar Pull-Apart Basin, North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey, Orhan Tatar, Sema Yurtmen, Haluk Temi̇z, Hali̇l Gürsoy, Fi̇kret Koçbulut, B. Levent Mesci̇, Jean Claude Guezou Jan 2007

Intracontinental Quaternary Volcanism In The Niksar Pull-Apart Basin, North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey, Orhan Tatar, Sema Yurtmen, Haluk Temi̇z, Hali̇l Gürsoy, Fi̇kret Koçbulut, B. Levent Mesci̇, Jean Claude Guezou

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Niksar Basin is sited along the eastern segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone in Turkey. It is a young sigmoidal pull-apart basin bordered by two non-parallel master faults associated with earthquakes in 1939 and 1942. The fault geometry along the irregular ENE margin of the basin is complex where young Plio-Quaternary volcanic rocks reach the surface along pairs of steep strike-slip faults which cut the basin sediments. The volcanic rocks around the Niksar Basin have been dated by high precision K-Ar dating and the ages range between 542 ± 9 ka and 567 ± 9 ka. The lavas …

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Synthesis And Characterization Of Arylmethyl Sulfone Dendrimers And Hyperbranched Poly (Phenylene Sulfide) / Poly (Sulfone), Qiuxia Zhao Jan 2007

Synthesis And Characterization Of Arylmethyl Sulfone Dendrimers And Hyperbranched Poly (Phenylene Sulfide) / Poly (Sulfone), Qiuxia Zhao

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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Studies Toward Improving The Reactivity And Chemoselectivity Of Chloroarenes In Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Processes, Joseph P. Simeone Jan 2007

Studies Toward Improving The Reactivity And Chemoselectivity Of Chloroarenes In Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Processes, Joseph P. Simeone

Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses (ETDs)

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