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Articles 18541 - 18570 of 18784
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Predator Depredations On Sheep In Pennsylvania, Gary W. Witmer, Arnold Hayden, Michael Pipas
Predator Depredations On Sheep In Pennsylvania, Gary W. Witmer, Arnold Hayden, Michael Pipas
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The eastern coyote (Canis Iatrans) has become common and widespread in many eastern states. We surveyed 331 sheep producers in Pennsylvania (PA); 22% reported predator losses in 1991, primarily to dogs and coyotes. Losses were heaviest in the southwest part of PA and producers reporting losses tended to have more sheep and more acreage in pasture. To reduce losses, producers used lambing sheds, fences, guard dogs and donkeys, confinement of sheep, trapping, and shooting. It appears that we can expect greater depredations in the future because of increased coyote numbers and a relatively low level of protection of …
Techniques For Reducing Bird Use At Nanticoke Landfill Near E. A. Link Airport, Broome County, New York, Paul D. Curtis, Charles R. Smith, William Evans
Techniques For Reducing Bird Use At Nanticoke Landfill Near E. A. Link Airport, Broome County, New York, Paul D. Curtis, Charles R. Smith, William Evans
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Human and wildlife conflicts have increased in importance in many suburban areas of the United States. Birds pose a serious hazard to air traffic, and 1,200 - 1,500 bird strikes are reported to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) annually. The location of a landfill near an airport may increase avian activity because landfills provide a food source for omnivorous birds. To reduce avian hazards at airports, FAA Order 5200.5A established a proximity criterion prohibiting the location of any runway used by turbojet aircraft within 3,048 m of a landfill. However, existing landfills within this proximity may be kept open if …
Similarities Between Big Game Repellent And Predator Urine Repellency To White-Tailed Deer: The Importance Of Sulfur And Fatty Acids, Rebecca Lewison, N. Jay Bean, Evgeny V. Aronov, John E. Mcconnell Jr., J. Russell Mason
Similarities Between Big Game Repellent And Predator Urine Repellency To White-Tailed Deer: The Importance Of Sulfur And Fatty Acids, Rebecca Lewison, N. Jay Bean, Evgeny V. Aronov, John E. Mcconnell Jr., J. Russell Mason
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
In the present experiment, we evaluated the repellency of Big Game Repellent® (BGR), whole coyote urine, coyote urine with sulfur compounds removed, and water. Each stimulus was applied to an ornamental plant (hostas, Alba marginata) at 5 sites in the vicinity of Poughkeepsie, N.Y. At weekly intervals for 5 weeks, damage was recorded, treatments were reapplied, and plants were replaced when necessary. There was no damage to plants treated with either BGR or whole coyote urine. This was not true for plants sprayed with sulfur-free urine or water. We conclude that the repellency of coyote urine is largely …
Effects Of A Bird Hazard Reduction Force On Reducing Bird/Aircraft Strike Hazards At The Atlantic City International Airport, Nj., Andrew J. Montoney, H. Christopher Boggs
Effects Of A Bird Hazard Reduction Force On Reducing Bird/Aircraft Strike Hazards At The Atlantic City International Airport, Nj., Andrew J. Montoney, H. Christopher Boggs
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Bird-aircraft strikes at the Atlantic City International Airport (ACY) increased from 18 in 1989 to 37 in 1990. The number of bird-aircraft strikes involving gulls (Larus spp.) during this time rose from 6 to 27, a 350% increase. The predominant species involved in bird strikes was the laughing gull (L. atricilla). Pursuant to an interagency agreement between the U.S. Department of Transportation (USDOT), Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA)/ Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS)/ Animal Damage Control (ADC), ADC established a Emergency/Experimental Bird Hazard Reduction Force (BHRF) at ACY …
An Evaluation Of Max-Flex Fast Fence™ For Reducing Deer Damage To Crops, John T. Owen, James B. Armstrong, H. Lee Stribling, M. Keith Causey
An Evaluation Of Max-Flex Fast Fence™ For Reducing Deer Damage To Crops, John T. Owen, James B. Armstrong, H. Lee Stribling, M. Keith Causey
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
A 2-year study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of Max-Flex Fast Fence™ electric fencing materials (polytape) for reducing damage to crops. Specifically, our goal was to look at the efficacy of this product for the home gardener. In the first phase of the project, plots of approximately 1/40 acre were established in areas of historically high deer densities. Each plot was planted with soybeans and randomly assigned to 1 of 4 fencing configurations or to the open control group. Within each plot, 6' wide strips were tilled across the length. These tilled areas were checked for the presence of …
The Use Of Odors To Induce Avoidance Behavior In Pine Voles, Christopher J. Salatti, Anthony D. Woolhouse, John G. Vandenbergh
The Use Of Odors To Induce Avoidance Behavior In Pine Voles, Christopher J. Salatti, Anthony D. Woolhouse, John G. Vandenbergh
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Commercial orchards, ornamental nurseries, and residential horticulture in North Carolina experience economic losses due to pine vole (Microtus pinetorum) depredation. Predator odors and the herbicide Casoron were tested as potential repellents for pine voles. To test for avoidance behavior, animals were allowed to build a nest in one of two chambers attached to each arm of a Y-maze. The cage containing the nest was treated with either a test repellent compound, methylene chloride (solvent control), or left unmanipulated (control). Animals were categorized as either maintaining or changing nest cage preference between pre-test and test periods. The number of …
Rejex-It™Ag-36, A Potential Tool To Protect Seeds From Bird Depredation, Peter F. Vogt
Rejex-It™Ag-36, A Potential Tool To Protect Seeds From Bird Depredation, Peter F. Vogt
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The ever increasing bird populations (e.g., Black birds, geese etc.) are known to cause considerable losses to agriculture. This problem has reached serious proportions for crops that are farmed on large tracts and are seeded by aerial application such as rice and canola. ReJeX-iT™AG-36, a non-toxic, biodegradable bird aversion formulation, derived from food grade ingredients, has been proven in pen tests and field trials to be effective as a seed treatment to prevent birds from eating the treated seeds. The product does not harm the seeds or the effected birds in any way, even if ingested; it just makes the …
Status And Management Of Vole Damage To Horticultural Plantings In North Carolina, Peter T. Bromley, William T. Sullivan Jr.
Status And Management Of Vole Damage To Horticultural Plantings In North Carolina, Peter T. Bromley, William T. Sullivan Jr.
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
A trapping study in 1979 indicated that voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus and M. pinetorum) were distributed widely in North Carolina. In 1991, Extension Agents with the North Carolina Cooperative Extension Service were surveyed to determine the distribution, nature and severity of vole damage to horticultural plantings, home orchards, and other plantings. Data from the statewide trapping survey and the poll of agents coincided to indicate that voles, particularly pine voles, caused damage from the mountains to the coast. Existing, legal control methods were judged grossly inadequate by agents. Pursuant to the surveys, the North Carolina Pesticide Board and the …
Sixth Eastern Wildlife Management Conferences Summary And What Lies Ahead, James E. Miller
Sixth Eastern Wildlife Management Conferences Summary And What Lies Ahead, James E. Miller
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
I want to begin by expressing appreciation to Ed Jones, Mike King, Greg Yarrow, Pete Bromley, John Heisterberg, and others on the program committee for hosting and conducting this Sixth Eastern Wildlife Damage Management Conference. I also want to express our appreciation to the exhibitors, the National Animal Damage Control Association, and The Wildlife Society (TWS) for their support. I think those of you who are still here will join me in congratulating these people, organizations, and TWS for helping ensure a successful conference. As one of the people who perceived the need for this conference in the early 1980's, …
Can We Landscape To Accommodate Deer? The Tracy Estate Research Garden, Helen H. Heinrich, Susan Predl
Can We Landscape To Accommodate Deer? The Tracy Estate Research Garden, Helen H. Heinrich, Susan Predl
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The landscape of New Jersey is remarkably rich in vegetation and open space, despite the state's reputation as the nation's most populous state. This landscape is increasingly the product of intense interaction between the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and both native and cultivated vegetation, particularly in suburban communities, where both the whitetail and the vegetation coexist in abundance. Nearly extirpated at the tum of the century due to over-hunting, the state's white-tailed deer population today exceeds 140,000 because habitat is ideal and hunting seasons are carefully regulated. In many instances, where landowners choose not to use hunting as …
A Survey Comparison Of Pest Control And Nuisance Wildlife Control Operators In Kentucky, Thomas G. Barnes
A Survey Comparison Of Pest Control And Nuisance Wildlife Control Operators In Kentucky, Thomas G. Barnes
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
A variety of factors including increased urbanization, decreased funding for governmental animal damage programs, and increases in some urban wildlife populations have resulted in a greater demand for urban nuisance wildlife control. Historically, this demand was met by Cooperative Extension Service (San Julian 1987), state fish and wildlife agency, or federal wildlife damage control employees (Bollengier 1987). These agencies provided educational materials, consultations, and/or physically removed animals. Recently, there is an increased demand for physical animal removal evidenced by increasing numbers of private pest control operators (PCO), companies that do general pest or insect control work, specializing in the removal …
Strategies To Address Human Conflicts With Raccoons And Black Bears In New Hampshire, Marsha E. Barden, Dennis Slate, Robert T. Calvert, Paul W. Debow
Strategies To Address Human Conflicts With Raccoons And Black Bears In New Hampshire, Marsha E. Barden, Dennis Slate, Robert T. Calvert, Paul W. Debow
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The Cooperative Animal Damage Control program in New Hampshire has received increasing requests for assistance over the past 5 years. This trend is due largely to changing public concern over black bears (Ursus americanus) in residential areas and an epizootic of the Mid-Atlantic strain of rabies in raccoons (Procyon lotor). A growing number of requests is related to improper garbage storage and feeding of songbirds during late spring and summer. Some traditional methods, especially live- trapping and relocation, are not generally appropriate to resolve these conflicts. In this paper we discuss trends in requests for assistance …
The Applicability And Biopolitics Of Contraceptive Techniques For Deer Management, Robert J. Warren, Lisa M. White
The Applicability And Biopolitics Of Contraceptive Techniques For Deer Management, Robert J. Warren, Lisa M. White
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
While regulated public hunting or controlled lethal reduction programs are effective in controlling whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations in most areas, increasingly there are settings (e.g., urban and suburban environments) where such programs are either unsafe or publicly unacceptable. Past research with contraceptive techniques in deer have shown these techniques to be either ineffective or infeasible for managerial implementation. Current research with immunocontraceptives show promise as being both effective and feasible for field application. Immunocontraceptive vaccines can be delivered remotely and are highly effective in causing infertility in most treated does. Much more research is needed before these …
Use Patterns Of Nuisance Black-Crowned Night Herons On A Hydroelectric Dam In Eastern Tennessee, Michael A. Wefer, Joseph W. Lee, William G. Minser
Use Patterns Of Nuisance Black-Crowned Night Herons On A Hydroelectric Dam In Eastern Tennessee, Michael A. Wefer, Joseph W. Lee, William G. Minser
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) droppings are a problem on Fort Loudoun Hydroelectric Dam. Annual and daily use patterns were monitored to determine when and what areas of the dam the herons were using. The dam was used primarily during the breeding season (April-July) and received 24.2% more use in the evenings than in the morning. The most use occurred in June with a high of 211 birds 12 June 1991 and 266 birds 5 June 1992. Herons used band railings on the dam the most (66%) for perching. About 12% of the night herons using the dam …
Advancing Deer Repellent Performance: Fine-Tuning Hinder Applications And Potential Uses For Insecticidal Soaps, Michael J. Fargione, Milo E. Richmond
Advancing Deer Repellent Performance: Fine-Tuning Hinder Applications And Potential Uses For Insecticidal Soaps, Michael J. Fargione, Milo E. Richmond
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Deer feed on buds, shoots, leaves and fruit (Scott and Townsend 1985), and cause substantial economic losses for many apple producers (Purdy et al. 1987). A variety of mitigation techniques are used to control such damage including deer population reduction via hunting, exclusion fencing and scare devices. However, most commercial apple producers rely on home-made or commercial repellents to control deer damage (Purdy et al. 1987). Despite their popularity, repellents have often provided only limited or highly-variable control (Conover 1984, 1987, Hygnstrom and Craven 1988). There is considerable need to improve the performance of existing repellents, or to identify new …
Effectiveness Of Dimethyl Anthranilate And Eyespots For Reducing Feed Consumption By Starlings, Michael L. Avery, Raymond E. Matteson
Effectiveness Of Dimethyl Anthranilate And Eyespots For Reducing Feed Consumption By Starlings, Michael L. Avery, Raymond E. Matteson
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The bird repellent properties of methyl anthranilate (MA) and dimethyl anthranilate (DMA) are well-established. Nevertheless, development of means to reduce the amount of chemical needed to effect satisfactory repellency would reduce costs and make their use even more attractive. Thus, we evaluated the usefulness of a visual stimulus for increasing DMA repellency. We offered groups of captive European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) untreated food and OMA-treated food, and to some groups we also presented a putatively repellent eyespot pattern. As expected, a DMA concentration of 1.4% (g/g) reduced (P = 0.001) consumption of treated food compared to untreated; 0.3% …
Evaluating The Gas Cartridge For Coyotes In Controlling Badgers, Craig A. Ramey
Evaluating The Gas Cartridge For Coyotes In Controlling Badgers, Craig A. Ramey
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Efficacy investigations were conducted in Pampa, TX to evaluate the use of the "GAS CARTRIDGE FOR COYOTES: (Canis latrans) for controlling problem badgers (Taxidea taxus) in burrows. This coyote cartridge with two active ingredients (sodium nitrate and charcoal), produces high concentrations of carbon monoxide when burned and is effective in controlling coyotes in dens. Badgers were live-trapped, immobilized, and equipped with mortality-indicating radio transmitters prior to their release. Movements were monitored for a minimum of 12 days prior to each initial efficacy test and for at least 3 days in follow up tests for survivors. Only occupied …
Deer Damage In Tennessee: Landowner Perceptions And Attitudes, Michael M. King
Deer Damage In Tennessee: Landowner Perceptions And Attitudes, Michael M. King
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are an important resource for Tennesseans. They are enjoyed by consumptive and nonconsumptive users alike. Approximately 190,000 hunters pursued deer during the 1992-93 hunting season in Tennessee. They successfully harvested 126,999 deer (Greg Wathen, TWRA Assistant Chief of Wildlife, pers. commun.) and it has been estimated that these hunters would have spent approximately $125 million on goods and services related to deer hunting (Whitehead 1991).
Public Policy Education: An Important Wildlife Management Opportunity, Paul D. Curtis
Public Policy Education: An Important Wildlife Management Opportunity, Paul D. Curtis
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Suburban wildlife management issues are generating heated debate between citizen organizations, elected public officials, and state wildlife management agencies. Decisions are being made by town and county officials which directly impact or supersede state authority for managing resident wildlife. As an example, I will focus this discussion on the white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) management controversy at Durand Eastman Park, in the greater Rochester metropolitan area, New York.
Assessing And Reducing Soybean Crop Losses From Deer: An Interdisciplinary, Multi-Agency Effort, S. U. Wallace, J. H. Palmer, G. K. Yarrow, D. Shipes, E. J. Dunphy, P. F. Reese Jr.
Assessing And Reducing Soybean Crop Losses From Deer: An Interdisciplinary, Multi-Agency Effort, S. U. Wallace, J. H. Palmer, G. K. Yarrow, D. Shipes, E. J. Dunphy, P. F. Reese Jr.
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Damage from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) has become a common complaint of soybean (Glycine max) producers in many areas of the Southeast. Both short- and long-term, single-field and community-wide solutions to this problem are needed. This paper describes a multi-agency, multi-state effort, involving agronomists, wildlife biologists, producers, and other landowners, to assess soybean losses from deer and to evaluate potential solutions. One phase of this work, which is supported by soybean producer checkoff funds, involves evaluating agronomic practices for reducing crop losses. These include drilled (rather than wide-row) plantings and use of insect-resistant or dense-pubescent cultivars …
Shooting As A Blue Jay Depredation Management Technique In Native Pecan Groves, John R. Kerr, J. Grant Huggins
Shooting As A Blue Jay Depredation Management Technique In Native Pecan Groves, John R. Kerr, J. Grant Huggins
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
We conducted a 4-year project in southcentral Oklahoma native pecan (Carya illinoensis) groves to evaluate the effectiveness of shooting blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) to reduce pecan losses. We monitored blue jay abundance by time-area counts and bird nut damage using ground plots in 5, 4.3-ha study areas during the fall damage periods of 1989-1992. In 1991 and 1992 we applied shooting to 3 of these areas. A mean of 16.3 blue jays/ha was shot at a mean cost (shotgun shells and labor) of $18.65/ha over the 2 years. The break-even savings level was 0.5 kg of …
Dispersal Of Ring-Billed Gull Nesting Colonies In New York State, James E. Forbes, Maury W. Bedford, William W. Beck, Brian V. Archuleta
Dispersal Of Ring-Billed Gull Nesting Colonies In New York State, James E. Forbes, Maury W. Bedford, William W. Beck, Brian V. Archuleta
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Ring-billed gulls (Larus delawarenis) are adapting to rooftop nesting habitats throughout the Northeast and the Great Lake States. Presently, six such colonies exist in New York State. Noise, plus accumulations of droppings, feathers and nesting material, cause unsanitary conditions, structural damage, health problems, traffic problems and have lead to Occupational Safety and Health Administration citations. We began a 3-year project in 1991 at two locations, Niagara Falls and Syracuse, New York, to relocate nesting gulls to other nesting sites. Eight lethal and nonlethal control alternatives were considered and three nonlethal alternatives were selected. We concluded that: (1) the …
An Evaluation Of Floating Ropes For Reducing Cormorant Damage At Catfish Ponds, Donald F. Mott, Richard D. Flynt, Junior O. King
An Evaluation Of Floating Ropes For Reducing Cormorant Damage At Catfish Ponds, Donald F. Mott, Richard D. Flynt, Junior O. King
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
A floating rope system consisting of lengths of 9.5 mm (3/8 in) yellow, polyethylene rope and foam floats was evaluated for reducing double-crested cormorant (Phalacrocorax auritus) depredation on farm raised channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in Mississippi. The ropes were placed at 15-17 m intervals across 2 ponds (4.6 and 6.0 ha) perpendicular to the prevailing winds. Helium-filled balloons were used in an attempt to enhance the effect of the ropes. Cormorant numbers entering both test ponds were recorded during pretreatment, treatment, and posttreatment periods. The floating ropes were effective in reducing cormorant numbers on ponds (by …
Status Of Alpha-Chloralose And Other Immobilizing/Euthanizing Chemicals Within The Animal Damage Control Program, Paul P. Woronecki, William L. Thomas
Status Of Alpha-Chloralose And Other Immobilizing/Euthanizing Chemicals Within The Animal Damage Control Program, Paul P. Woronecki, William L. Thomas
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
In 1992 the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Animal Damage Control (ADC) program was granted approval from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), under a continuing Investigational New Animal Drug agreement, to use Alpha-chloralose (A-C) nationwide for capturing nuisance waterfowl, coots, and pigeons. FDA and ADC have imposed several requirements, restrictions and conditions on the operational use of A-C. Training and certification are required to use A-C and other approved immobilizing and euthanizing agents.
A Summary Of Reported Deer-Related Vehicle Accidents In A Virginia City, Patrick F. Scanlon, William F. Wilmoth, Ralph W. Rexroad
A Summary Of Reported Deer-Related Vehicle Accidents In A Virginia City, Patrick F. Scanlon, William F. Wilmoth, Ralph W. Rexroad
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Data from 548 reported accidents involving white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and vehicles in Lynchburg during the years 1987-1991 were summarized. A majority (54.4%) occurred in the months October, November and December with 25.9% occurring in November. While accidents occurred at all hours, most (50%) occurred between 1700 and 0100 hrs.; about 12% occurred between 0600 and 0900 hrs. Accidents occurred on all days of the week (range 12.8% to 17.0%) and were not higher on work days. Adverse weather did not seem to be a factor increasing collisions; 80% of collisions occurred in clear weather. Most (75%) accidents …
Perceptions And Knowledge Of Alabama Fruit And Vegetable Producers Towards Coyotes, M. Chad Philipp, James B. Armstrong
Perceptions And Knowledge Of Alabama Fruit And Vegetable Producers Towards Coyotes, M. Chad Philipp, James B. Armstrong
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Members of the Alabama Fruit and Vegetable Producers Association (AFVP) were surveyed in 1992-1993 to assess their attitudes and knowledge of coyotes and the amount of perceived damage caused by coyotes. A mail-back questionnaire was developed and pilot tested. The revised questionnaire was sent to all members (N = 84) of the AFVP; individuals whose main income is the production of fruits and vegetables. Seventy-seven percent (n = 61) of those surveyed returned completed questionnaires. Tests for nonresponse bias were conducted and results showed no significant difference. Attitudes were assessed using a Likert scale where 1 = respondents favoring maximum …
Balancing The Needs Of Society: A Perspective For Wildlife Damage Management In The '90s, Jack H. Berryman
Balancing The Needs Of Society: A Perspective For Wildlife Damage Management In The '90s, Jack H. Berryman
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
It is a privilege and honor to have this place on your program. I sincerely appreciate the Conference making my participation possible. The job of a keynoter is, I believe, to set a tone, encourage or sound a note of optimism and suggest a challenge for the future. Well, there are plenty of reasons for optimism. And the only problem with challenges is which to highlight.
Landowners Perceptions Of Crop Damage From White-Tailed Deer In South Carolina, Webb M. Smathers Jr., Gary R. Stratton, Derrell Shipes
Landowners Perceptions Of Crop Damage From White-Tailed Deer In South Carolina, Webb M. Smathers Jr., Gary R. Stratton, Derrell Shipes
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Survey respondents reported a definite increase in the population of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in South Carolina. Almost 73% of the producers from a random sample indicated that deer populations have increased over the five year period preceding 1991. With a higher deer population, crop damage from deer became more prevalent, and 72% of the producers indicated having some level of damage. The producers in the sample had mixed feelings about the damage their crops received with 70% indicating that the damage was either negligible or was tolerable in exchange for having deer around. In South Carolina the …
Excluding Non-Migratory Canada Geese With Overhead Wire Grids, Martin S. Lowney
Excluding Non-Migratory Canada Geese With Overhead Wire Grids, Martin S. Lowney
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
Non-migratory urban Canada geese present complex problems requiring innovative techniques that are effective yet acceptable to contemporary society. A grid technique was modified and developed to discourage nonmigratory urban Canada geese from using water sources and thus abandoning adjacent areas. The technique is believed effective because it restricts the use of water resources for escape and reduces the required long take-off and landing zones of Canada geese. The grid successfully reduced non-migratory Canada geese from using three sites in northern Virginia. Several grid configurations and types of materials are discussed.
Characteristics Of The Private Nuisance Wildlife Control Industry In New York, Paul D. Curtis, Milo E. Richmond, Philip A. Wellner, Ben Tullar
Characteristics Of The Private Nuisance Wildlife Control Industry In New York, Paul D. Curtis, Milo E. Richmond, Philip A. Wellner, Ben Tullar
Wildlife Damage Management Conference
The nuisance wildlife control industry is rapidly expanding in New York State. To gain additional insight about this industry and the number of animals handled, we reviewed the 1989-90 annual logs submitted by Nuisance Wildlife Control Operators (NWCOs) to the New York State Department of Environmental Conservatlon (DEC). The specific objectives of this study were to determine: (1) the number and species of different wildlife responsible for damage incidents, (2) the cause of damage complaints, (3) the disposition of animals handled, (4) the location of damage events (i.e., urban, suburban, rural), and (5) an estimate of the economic impact of …