Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

An Investigation Of Metallic Rhenium, Rhenium Dioxide And Rhenium Chlorides As Catalysts In The Hydrogenation Of Certain Organic Substrates, Walter William Brown

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the various analytical methods to ascertain the suitability of the methods for our use in determining the amount of rhenium used in our catalysts, and, if necessary devise a new method. Also, several catalysts were to be prepared and used in hydrogenation or organic compounds. Evaluation of the catalytic activity of each catalyst was to be made by using them with various selected organic substrates.

The Kinetics Of Thermal Decomposition Of 1,1'-Azobutane, 1,1'-Azoisobutane And 2,2'-Azobutane, Norman L. Eatough

Theses and Dissertations

The following compounds have been prepared and purified and the boiling points, densities, refractive indicies and infrared spectra of each have been determined and recorded: n-butyraldazine, isobutyraldazine, methylethyl ketazine, 1,2-di-n-butylhydrazine, 1,2-diisobutylhydrazine, 1,2-di-sec.-butylhydrazine, 1,1'-azobutane, 1,1'-azoisobutane and 2,2'-azobutane. Vapor pressure curves and freezing points of 1,1'-azobutane, 1,1'-azoisobutane and 2,2'-azobutane have been determined and recorded. The kinetics of thermal decomposition of 1,1'-azobutane, 1,1'-azoisobutane, and 2,2'-azobutane in a flow system using hydrogen and helium as a carrier gases have been investigated. The investigation was carried out for two different concentrations of the azo compounds over a pressure range of 670 to 890 mm. Hg …

An Investigation Of Complex Species In Silver Chloride Solutions I. Solubility Measurements ; Ii. Ion Exchange Methods, Harry G. Hecht

Theses and Dissertations

The complex species in silver chloride solutions have been investigated by solubility measurements and by ion exchange methods in this work. The solubility of silver chloride in solutions of varying chloride ion concentrations was determined by radioassay techniques. The method of least squares was used to evaluate the constants for the formation of the aqueous silver chloride and the dichloro-complex species; the values being 1.99 x 103 and 2.98 x 104, respectively, at 25.00°C. Aqueous solver chloride has been shown to be sorbed by Amberlite IR-120 from silver chloride solutions which have an ionic strength of 0.2. This sorption has …

Decahydroquinoxaline : Stereoisomers And Derivatives, Lynn Pendleton

Theses and Dissertations

The preparation of decahydroquinoxaline by four different methods, with no determination of geometrical configuration made, was reported in the literature. The purpose of this thesis was to establish the geometrical configurations of the decahydroquinoxalines prepared by these four methods and to determine if, as the work of previous investigators suggested, the two pure isomers of decahydroquinoxaline isomerized, each giving an equilibrium mixture of both isomers. Decahydroquinoxaline was prepared by three of the four previously reported methods of preparation. Comparison of the properties of the decahydroquinoxalines prepared and the preparation, comparison, and analyses of the diacetyl and the dinitroso derivatives of …

Rhenium Trioxide, Rhenium Heptoxide And Rehnium Trichloride As Hydrogenation Catalysts, William J. Bartley

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to characterize the catalytic activity of rhenium trioxide and rhenium trichloride as hydrogenation catalysts. Work was also undertaken to further study the catalytic properties of rhenium heptoxide. The activity of this latter compound had received some study in a previous project. A complete review of the literature has been made on the organic and inorganic chemistry of rhenium trioxide and rhenium trichloride. A survey of the literature on catalytic hydrogenation and the chemistry of rhenium heptoxide has also been included. Rhenium trioxide was prepared by three similar methods. The first two involved the formation …

The Bromination Of 1,1,1-Ethanetriacetic Acid, John A. Gurney

Theses and Dissertations

Essential to the entire field of Organic Chemistry is the nature of the carbon to carbon bond. Our current concepts and guiding principles concerning it are almost solely constructed from aliphatic compounds, certain simple ring species, and aromatic systems. Except for special cases, aliphatic and aromatic types are felt to be mildly strained or free from internal tension while the alicylic small and medium ring compounds are the so-called strained molecules. These strained compounds involve bending back or compression of two of the four carbon bonds from an equilibrium position. Distortions of more complex origin occur in the paracyclophanes and …

A Study Of Three Photochemical Activities Of Chloroplasts, Jimmy W. Hinkson

Theses and Dissertations

Chloroplasts of sugar beet leaves were subjected to treatment by heating, by incubation at pH 8.5 and pH 5.5, by incubation in ion low water, by sonic oscillation, by digestion with enzymes (lysozyme, pancreatin, and lipase), by extraction with digitonin, and by chemical compounds including 8-hydroxy-quinoline, sodium azide, zinc sulfate, phenyl mercuric acetate, potassium cyanide, 1-allylthiourea, 2,4-dinitrophenol, thymol, and p-chloromercuribenzoate. A comparative study was made of the effects of these treatments upon three photochemical reactions (the photoreduction of 2,6- dichlorophenol indophenol, the photoreduction of indigo carmine in the presence of a couple composed of 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol and ascorbic acid, and …

The Photoreduction Of Indigo Carmine Flavin Mononucleotide And Diphosphopyridine Nucleotide, By Illuminated Chloroplasts, M. Odell Hobbs

Theses and Dissertations

An investigation was made of the photoreduction of indigo carmine dye and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) by an illuminated sugar beet leaf homogenate in the presence of 2,6-dichlorophenolindophenol dye (DPIP) and ascorbic acid. DPIP and ascorbate were absolutely required for the reaction. Reconstitution experiments indicated a requirement for a heat-labile factor present in the supernatant fluid following centrifugation of the leaf homogenate. This factor activated the photoreduction of indigo carmine more than 20 times. The photoreduction of FMN was activated 2 times by this factor. Studies on the stoichiometry of indigo carmine photoreduction revealed that one mole of ascorbate was photooxidized …

The Stratigraphy And Geologic History Of The Cannonball Formation (Paleocene), Gary O. Hall

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this report is to describe the stratigraphy of the Cannonball formation in southwestern North Dakota, and to present a new geologic map of the formation in Oliver, McLean, Burleigh, and Emmons Counties, North Dakota.

The Basement Of North Dakota, Spurgeon C. Crosby Ii.

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this report is to study the basement rocks of North Dakota. The basement rocks of North Dakota may be divided into two categories. The eastern division comprises deeply weathered material and extends from the Red River westward for approximately thirty miles. The western division essentially comprising adamellite (more than 1/3 but less than 2/3 alkali feldspar and more than 10 percent quartz), extends from a north-south line thirty miles west of the Red River to the Montana border.

Foraminifera From Outcrops Of The Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous) Of North Dakota, Everett E. Wilson

Theses and Dissertations

In North Dakota the Pierre shale was deposited in all portions of the State except the southeastern corner, where it was either never deposited or removed by pre-Pleistocene erosion. In the western part of North Dakota the Pierre is overlain by later Cretaceous and Tertiary sediments, but to the east of the Missouri River, where it forms the bedrock, it is mantled by glacial drift. However, numerous exposures of the Pierre are present, generally in road cuts and river valleys of the southwestern and northeastern corners of the State. More scattered outcrops occur along Beaver Creek and the Missouri River …

Rhenium Catalysis I. Hydrogenation And Hydroformylation Using Rhenium Carbonyl Compounds ; Ii. Hydrogenation Using Catalysts Obtained From The Reduction Of Perrhenates With Metals In Aqueous Solution, Terry G. Selin

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this work was to investigate the catalytic activity in both hydrogenation and hydroformylation reactions of rhenium preparations which have not been previously characterized. Rhenium pentacarbonyl was prepared in good yield from rhenium heptoxide and carbon monoxide. The optimum conditions for preparation were 25 hours per gram of dry rhenium heptoxide at 250° under 3000 psig. (initial) of carbon monoxide. Rhenium chloropentacarbonyl was prepared in 62% yield from potassium chlororhenite and carbon monoxide at high temperatures and pressures. The iodopentacarbonyl was prepared in 29% yield from potassium perrhenate, methyl iodide, and carbon monoxide. The preparation of rhenium hydrocarbonyl …

The Preparation And Catalytic Properties Of Rhenium Blacks Obtained By Reduction Of Re(Vii) In Anhydrous Ammonia And Amines With Alkali Metals, David William Seegmiller

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of the investigation was to determine the catalytic activity of rhenium blacks obtained by reduction of rhenium salts in alkali metal-ammonia or amine systems. A review is presented on the chemical, physical and catalytic properties of rhenium, and on the rhenide ion, on the nature of the alkali metal-liquid ammonia system, and the reduction of metallic salts therein. The first reduction system studied was that obtained by dissolving sodium in liquid ammonia. The salts reduced in this system were KReO_4, Re_2O_7 and NH_4ReO_4. The reduction of KReO_4 was unsuccessful, and the heptoxide was difficult to handle. The product …

Chemosynthetic Microorganisms In Leaching Sulfide Minerals, A. Keith Jameson

Theses and Dissertations

This investigation showed that a single bacterium was capable of sulfide oxidation in exposed ore bodies. This single bacterium was isolated and characterized. It exhibited different characteristics than any previously known organism. It was found to be a chemosynthetic autotroph. An optimum nutrient concentration was determined for pyrite oxidation. The nutrient concentration was determined for pyrite oxidation. The nutrient contains only a source of phosphate and nitrogen. Urea was found to be a better source of nitrogen than ammonium sulfate which had previously been used. The effect of various organic compounds on the oxidation of pyrite was observed. Glucose and …

The Isomer Distribution In The Sulfonation Of Iodobenzene, Joseph A. Knight

Theses and Dissertations

Using the isotope dilution technique, the distribution of isomers was determined when iodobenzene was sulfonated with sulfur trioxide in liquid sulfur dioxide. The active isotope was S^35. Before this distribution could be established, it was necessary to prepare the pure isomers of iodobenzenesulfonic acid. These were prepared by diazotization of the corresponding aminobenzenesulfonic acids. Since o-aminobenzenesulfonic acid was not readily available, it was necessary that it be synthesized before the diazo reactions could be carried out. Considerable work has been done on the development of a method whereby the bromobenzenesulfonic acids could be synthesized and obtained in pure form. Some …

The Dehydrocyclization Of Normal Heptane To Toluene With Supported Rhenium, Platinum And Molybdenum Catalysts, Robert R. Beishline

Theses and Dissertations

The dehydrocyclization activity of supported platinum, molybdenum and rhenium catalysts was studied by determining the toluene yield from n-heptane as a function of temperature and metal concentration in the catalyst. The support was 100 to 200 mesh alumina. Metal concentrations of 0.01% to 1.0% platinum, 0.1% to 2.0% molybdenum and 0.1% to 2.5% rhenium were studied in the temperature range from 500° to 600° C. Platinum was shown to be superior to both molybdenum and rhenium at all temperatures and metal concentrations investigated. The rhenium data were somewhat erratic, but showed rhenium to be a poor dehydrocyclization catalyst. The apparatus, …

Gastropoda From The Pierre Shale (Upper Cretaceous) Of Emmons County, South-Central North Dakota, Alan M. Cvancara

Theses and Dissertations

Fossil gastropods were studied from the upper part of the Pierre shale (Upper Cretaceous) in Emmons County, south-central North Dakota. This primary purpose of this study was to figure all gastropods found and bring the nomenclature of up to date. Secondly, an attempt was made to determine whether these fossil gastropods could be used in defining the contact between the Pierre shale and overlying Fox Hills sandstone.

Little paleontological work has been done on Pierre gastropods in North Dakota. Identification previously made seem to have been done somewhat hurriedly from Meek (1876) with little regard to modernizing the nomenclature.

These …

Thermal Reaction Of Hydrogen And Oxygen In Small Bore Tubes, Shib Charan Chattoraj

Theses and Dissertations

The thermal reaction of hydrogen and oxygen has been investigated from the standpoint of the important intermediate hydrogen peroxide in the region between 620-720 degrees centigrade in small bore Pyrex and steel tubes. The minimum explosion-temperatures with different flow rates and compositions of the mixture have been determined. They have been found to vary with the composition and flow rate of the mixture. The minimum explosion temperature is also found to vary with the condition of the reaction tube surface. The yield of hydrogen peroxide has been determined as a function of temperature, contact time, composition of feed stream, and …

Oxidation Of Molybdenite With The Aid Of Microorganisms, Ralph Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

This work represents a study on the biological oxidation of molybdenite, MoS2. The principal objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of the biological oxidation of molybdenite, to determine the physical and chemical conditions under which the oxidative process occurs, and to develop a strain of bacteria or alter the activity of the microorganisms by acclimatization to increase their activity on sulfide minerals, in particular molybdenite. Minerals used in this study were pyrite (FeS2), chalcopyrite (CuFeS2), molybdenite concentrate, and molybdenite ore. The microorganisms used in this investigation were autotrophic bacteria obtained from the leaching streams of Bingham Canyon, …

The Instability Constant Of The Cobaltous Citrate Complex Ion Using Cobalt-⁶⁰ As A Tracer, Lee T. Cox

Theses and Dissertations

The instability constant of a substance shows the tendency of a substance to dissociate into simple ions. The stability of the substance can be related to stabilities of other substances through the instability constant. Schubert gives a method for the determination of the instability constant which involves measurements of the adsorption of a radiotracer cation on a cation exchange resin. Two different types of resin were employed in this research. It was found that with a resin containing carboxylic acid exchange groups the adsorption of the cobaltous ion changed rapidly with pH but with a resin containing nuclear sulfonic acid …

A Correlation Of The Catalytic Activity Of Various Mixtures Of Rhenium And Molybdenum Sulfides In Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation Of Certain Reducible Organic Groups, Li-Chen Hsu

Theses and Dissertations

The promoter action of mixtures of catalysts has been reported in literature to be valuable in industries. Whether mixtures of rhenium and molybdenum sulfides would have promoter actions in the hydrogenations of certain reducible organic groups was the main object of this research. Mixtures of rhenium and molybdenum sulfides of various compositions were prepared by three different methods, i.e., (a) by saturating perrhenate and molybdate with hydrogen sulfide in hydrochloric acid solutions, (b) in ammonium hydroxide solutions followed by acidification, and (c) by treating perrhenate and molybdate with thiosulfate in dilute sulfuric acids followed by extraction with toluene to remove …

Photo-Oxidations Sensitized By Physiologically Important Substances, Ernel D. Ihnen

Theses and Dissertations

A study of the photo-oxidation of the 2,6-dichlorophenol indophenol-ascorbic couple was undertaken with a view to investigating the postulated mechanism of oxidation by a component of the oxygen evolving sequence operative in photosynthesis. A spectrophotometric method for the measurement of the progress of photo-oxidation was developed. Temperature and pH dependence were determined and the effect of various common inhibitors and physiological substances tested. None of the common Hill reaction inhibitors were effective in the ascorbic acid photo-oxidation in the system used. KCN and catalase as well as a few other high molecular weight proteins were able to inhibit dark auto-oxidation …

Calorimetric Heats Of Mixing Of Some Nonelectrolytic Binary And Ternary Solutions, James Bevan Ott

Theses and Dissertations

The heat of mixing of nonelectrolytic liquids is important in predicting the type of molecular interactions which exist in solutions of nonelectrolyted. The problem was to construct a calorimeter in which these heats of mixing could be measured accurately. Once constructed, the calorimeter was used to measure the heats of mixing of some binary and a ternary solutions. The systems chosen for study were the three liquid pairs formed between benzane, carbon tetrachloride, and cyclohexane, and the ternary mixture of the three. The results of the experimentation are summarized by the following equations. (1) H_12^M = X_1x_2 [103.2 + 13.1(x_1 …

The Geology Of The Grassy Butte Area, Mckenzie County, North Dakota, Elmer G. Meldahl

Theses and Dissertations

The Grassy Butte area lies in southern McKenzie County, just southwest of the deepest part of the Williston Basin, and is bordered on the north by the North Unit of the Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park.

the purpose of this investigation was: (1) to prepare a geological map of the area; (2) to map the geologic structure of the area; (3) to measure and describe detailed stratigraphic sections which would aid in correlating rock units in this area with previously described rock units in adjacent areas; (4) to indicate lignite beds of possible economic value.

The western three-fifths of the …

The Late Tertiary History Of The Upper Little Missouri River, North Dakota, Charles K. Petter Jr.

Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Some Aspects Of The Chemistry Of The Hydroquinoxalines Unsubstituted On The Nitrogen Atoms, Evan L. Allred

Theses and Dissertations

A search of the literature revealed that almost nothing is known concerning the class of compounds known as decahydroquinoxalines. Since this posed a problem involving a search for a systematic synthetic method of general application as well as a method for establishing the characteristic class and individual properties, a research project under the guidance of Dr. H. Smith Broadbent was initiated. Of particular interest aside from matters of purely chemical interest was the recognition that the hydroquinoxalines possess obvious structural similarities with atropine and other well-known drugs which have valuable application as hypotensive agents, analgesics, spasmolytic agents, parasympathetic depressants, antihistaminics, …

Acidic Properties Of Clay Minerals And Alumina, Kenneth H. Anderson

Theses and Dissertations

Acidic properties of dialyzed alumina and representative clay minerals were studied by performing titrations with various bases. For the first group of experiments the titrations were made in a water system using KOH and NaOH. For this study in a water system the experimental data includes individual cationic activities as well as pH values. Adsorption of the cations was adequately described over a pH range of 5-11 by the equation 1-θ/θ ⋅ aNa+ ⋅ aOH- = 1/K'3 [aOH- + KW/K'2 + 1/K'1], in which θ represents the fraction of the total sites that have reacted. Thermodynamic constants K'3 and K0= …

The Effect Of Ferrous And Ferric Ions On The Conversion Of Malate To Pyruvate By A Cell Free Extract Of Pigeon Liver, Keith Erwin Richardson

Theses and Dissertations

Recent investigations on the crude pigeon liver extracts have shown the presence of an enzyme which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of malate to pyruvate and carbon dioxide. The name malic enzyme has been given to this enzyme to distinguish it from malic dehydrogenase. Under aerobic conditions the addition of ferrous sulfate resulted in inhibition of the action of malic enzyme. Subsequent investigation showed that the inhibition obaerved was not due to ferrous ions, but due to ferric ions which were contaminating the ferrous sulfate. It was also shown that under aerobic conditions ferrous ions were rapidly oxidized to ferric ions. …

Colorimetric Determination Of Rhenium In Ores, Clair Winston Rogers

Theses and Dissertations

The problem of colorimetrically determining rhenium in the presence of molybdenum, copper, iron, sulphur, and rare earth elements with the use of dimethylglyoxime as the complexing compound was accomplished by the method reported here-in. The interfering elements were eliminated either as gaseous oxides and sulfides or were precipitated from a highly basic solution by means of a strong alkaline fusion of equal weights of sodium hydroxide and sodium peroxide, and the ore sample containing rhenium. The fusion product was dissolved in water, the solution boiled with a slight excess of sodium peroxide, and the hydroxide of all the interfering ions …

Thermodynamic Properties Of Water Adsorbed On Kaolinite, S. John Bennett

Theses and Dissertations

The object of the work presented in this thesis was to obtain quantitative values of the thermodynamic changes in water upon adsorption by kaolinite. Two methode were used. The first was a determination of the differential heat content and entropy of adsorption. The second method included a thermodynamic evaluation of the B.E.T. "c" constant expressed in terms of the Gibbs standard free energy of adsorption. The experimental data gave satisfactory results in determining the differential and standard thermodynamic functions or free energy, entropy, and heat content of adsorption. The adsorption of water on kaolinite appears to be a van der …