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Articles 8641 - 8670 of 8799
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
A Study Of Factors Which May Influence Attitudes Of Lds Teen-Agers Toward Family Home Evening, Don Leroy Miller
A Study Of Factors Which May Influence Attitudes Of Lds Teen-Agers Toward Family Home Evening, Don Leroy Miller
Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to identify factors related to attitudes of teenagers toward the Family Home Evening Program of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Hypotheses involving the relationships of certain factors to attitudes toward home evening were tested.
A cluster sample of twenty-three ninth grade classes was selected and data were gathered through use of a questionnaire. Statistics used in analysis of data included the Pearsonian product moment correlation coefficient, and analysis of variance. Responses to open-end questions were content analyzed by three independent judges.
Findings suggest that perceived participation by teenagers in planning and …
Fort Union (Paleocene) Mollusks From Southern Golden Valley And Southeastern Billings Counties, North Dakota, John J. Delimata
Fort Union (Paleocene) Mollusks From Southern Golden Valley And Southeastern Billings Counties, North Dakota, John J. Delimata
Theses and Dissertations
Nine molluscan species are known to occur in Tongue River Sentinel Butte sediments of parts of Billings, Golden Valley, and Slope Counties in southwestern North Dakota. Tongue River sediments contain all nine of the species which include: two unionids, Plesielliptio priscus (Meek and Hayden) and Rhabdotophorus senec tus (White); one corbulid, Bicorbula mactriformis (Meek and Hayden); and six viviparids, Viviparus retusus (Meek and Hayden), Viviparus trochiformis (Meek and Hayden), Campeloma nebrascensis (Meek and Hayden), Lioplacodes limnaefonnis (Meek and Hayden), Lioplacodes nebrascensis (Meek and Hayden), and Lioplacodes tenuicarinata (Meek and Hayden). Only five of these species (P. priscus, Q. nebrascensis, V. …
Washboard Moraines In Northeastern North Dakota, Dennis N. Nielsen
Washboard Moraines In Northeastern North Dakota, Dennis N. Nielsen
Theses and Dissertations
The descriptive term 11washboard moraine" has been applied to small transverse till ridges occurring in glaciated regions of North America. Washboard moraines have, in the past, been confused with similar transverse features such as ribbed moraines and De Geer moraines. No previous work had been done on washboard moraines in North Dakota prior to this study. Objectives of this study were to (1) map the distribution of washboard moraines in a selected study area,(2) describe the morphology and composition of washboard moraines, (3) determine the origin !or washboard moraines, and (4) compare data obtained in North Dakota with previously published …
A Study Of Earth Science Teachers And Practices In North Dakota For The Academic Year 1968-1969, Howard C. Reith
A Study Of Earth Science Teachers And Practices In North Dakota For The Academic Year 1968-1969, Howard C. Reith
Theses and Dissertations
In the period between 1961-1964 the North Dakota department of Public Instruction initiated long overdue changes in the science curriculum for the seventh, eighth, and ninth grades of the public schools. Titese involved changes from general science to the life, earth, and physical sciences. During this same period there was a re vitalization of interest in earth science at the national level, with the public school enrollment rising from several thousand to well over one million.
Because of the rapid national growth in earth science enrollment, and the status of earth science in North Dakota, a study to determine the …
Determination Of Stability Constants At 25c For The Interaction In Aqueous Solution Of Serine With Co (Ii), Ni (Ii), Cd (Ii), Zn (Ii), And Cu (Ii) Ions, Liak Hwe Ma
Theses and Dissertations
Values of thermodynamic stability constants at 25°C for the complexes of serine with the metal ions. Co^2+, Ni^2+, Cd^2+, Zn^2+, and Cu^2+ were obtained from pH titration data. All measurements were made in aqueous solution, and data were obtained at three different ionic strengths for each metal ion studied. It was assumed that the activity of the zwitterion is unity. The effect of metal ion hydrolysis upon the log K values was taken into account for the calculations. For all the metal ions studied, stability constants for MA^+, MA_2, and MA_3^- were reported with the exception of copper (II) which …
A Study Of Reaction Parameters In The Hydrogenation Of Acetic Acid By Rhenium Heptoxide Catalyst, Victor L. Mylroie
A Study Of Reaction Parameters In The Hydrogenation Of Acetic Acid By Rhenium Heptoxide Catalyst, Victor L. Mylroie
Theses and Dissertations
Rhenium oxides as well as other rhenium compounds are known to display a broad spectrum of catalytic activity,^25 being resistant to attack by acids under nonoxidizing conditions, and showing a remarkable ability to resist poisoning which is a serious limiting factor in many commonly used catalysts. Rhenium catalysts are cheaper than the platinum metals with the exception of palladium. One of the most remarkable properties of the rhenium catalyst is the ability to catalyze the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids and amides to the corresponding alcohols and amines respectively. The carboxyl group (-COOH) is notoriously difficult to reduce catalytically and most …
High Pressure, High Temperature Syntheses Of Rare Earth Diantimonides And Th₃P₄ Type Polymorphs Of Rare Earth Sesquisulfides, Normal L. Eatough
High Pressure, High Temperature Syntheses Of Rare Earth Diantimonides And Th₃P₄ Type Polymorphs Of Rare Earth Sesquisulfides, Normal L. Eatough
Theses and Dissertations
The rare earths form series of compounds which are known for several elements but end abruptly or undergo a change of structure at some member of the series. The diantimonides are one such series. Sb-Sb repulsion becomes stronger as the rare earth size decreases and the previously known series ended at Sm. It was felt that high pressure would overcome the Sb-Sb repulsion and allow bonding to form stable or metastable compounds not possible by ordinary techniques. Synthesis studies were carried out on mixtures of antimony with all the rare earths except Pm and with Sc and Y. The known …
The Thermodynamics (Log K, [Delta]H°, [Delta]S°, [Delta]Cp°) Of Metal Ligand Interaction In Aqueous Solution.|Ni.|P Design And Construction Of An Isothermal Titration Calorimeter.|Nii.|Pthe Interaction Of Cyanide Ion With Bivalent Nickel, Zinc, Cadmium And Mercury.|Niii.|Pthe Interaction Of Glycinate Ion With Bivalent Manganese, Iron, Cobalt, Nickel, Copper, Zinc And Cadmium, Harlin Dee Johnston
Theses and Dissertations
A new isothermal titration calorimeter has been designed to facilitate the study of heats of reaction and heats of solution at constant temperature. With this calorimeter, endothermic or exothermic processes can be studied at temperatures constant to ±0.0002°C. Heat effects are compensated by balancing the heat effect of the process taking place in the calorimeter against a variable heat and a constant cooling Peltier device. The calorimeter was tested by measuring the heat of ionization of water and the heat of dilution of aqueous HClO_4 solutions. For these systems heats were measured to an accuracy of ±0.02 calorie. Log K, …
The Effect Of Thiamine And Its Antagonists On Plasma And Tissue Lactic Dehydrogenase In Rats, Dong Hwa Park
The Effect Of Thiamine And Its Antagonists On Plasma And Tissue Lactic Dehydrogenase In Rats, Dong Hwa Park
Theses and Dissertations
The lactic dehydrogenase activity in plasma and tissues was measured in the thiamine-deprived, the oxythiamine-treated and the pyrithiamine-treated rats as well as the control rats. The lactic dehydrogenase levels of brain and kidney were significantly increased by oxythiamine treatment. The enzyme activity in heart was markedly decreased only in the thiamine-deprived rats. Unlike the above tissues, the enzyme levels in liver were decreased by 29-44 per cent in all three types of thiamine deficiency, However, the enzyme activity in plasma was significantly increased only by pyrithiamine administration. The distribution patterns of lactic dehydrogenase isozymes were electrophoretically examined in these deficiencies. …
An Investigation Of Column Efficiency And The Relationship To Liquid Phase Distribution On Ultra-Low Loaded Glass Bead Gas Chromatographic Columns, Donald G. Nyberg
An Investigation Of Column Efficiency And The Relationship To Liquid Phase Distribution On Ultra-Low Loaded Glass Bead Gas Chromatographic Columns, Donald G. Nyberg
Theses and Dissertations
Studies have been made of column efficiencies, extra-column effects, the liquid phase mass transfer term (C_l), and liquid phase distribution at ultra-low liquid loadings on glass bead gas-liquid chromatographic columns. The advantages of using lightly loaded columns are described in detail along with a critical evaluation of the limitations of this liquid phase reduction ad infinitum. Theories have been presented by Giddings^22,23,25,30,32 which predict the mass transfer term (C_l) as a function of two extreme liquid phase distributions. The first equation assumes 100% "capillary" liquid held at the glass bead contact points and represents a very inefficient column. This prediction …
Geologic And Limnologic History Of Glovers Pond, Northwestern New Jersey, J. Mark Erickson
Geologic And Limnologic History Of Glovers Pond, Northwestern New Jersey, J. Mark Erickson
Theses and Dissertations
Glovers Pond is a temperate, dimictic lake, 1.25 miles southwest of the town of Johnsonburg, Blairstown 7.5' Quadrangle, northwestern New Jersey. The Paleozoic Kittatinny, Jacksonburg, and Martinsburg Formations, in fault contact with each other, crop out in the vicinity of the lake. The lake has a maximum depth of 9.5 meters and occupies a glacially modified and dammed fault valley currently being infilled concentrically by .four types of sediment. Basim1ard these are: (1) peat, (2) marl, (3) "transitional", calcareous, organic-rich silt, and (4) gyttja. Glovers Pond is thermally and chemically stratified. The hypolimnion is undersaturated with CaCO3; tl1is prohibits deposition …
The Geology Of The Newburg-South Westhope Oil Fields, Bottineau County, North Dakota, Hussein Marafi
The Geology Of The Newburg-South Westhope Oil Fields, Bottineau County, North Dakota, Hussein Marafi
Theses and Dissertations
The Newburg and South Westhope oil fields of the northeastern part of the Williston Basin are essentially one continuous secondary stratigraphic oil trap as determined by well log studies. The reservoir rocks in the two fields are carbonates present near the top of the Mississippian Ratcliffe interval and sandstone present in the basal unit of the Triassic Spearfish Formation. The two "pays” are separated by the post-Mississippian erosional unconformity which truncated the Ratcliffe beds.
The two fields are marked with depressions formed as a result of the dissolving of deep seated, presumably Devonian, salt beds and complementary gradual subsidence of …
The Relationship Of Church Activity Of Parents Of Lds Seminary Students To The Attendance Of Seminary Students At Church, Ronald D. Firth
The Relationship Of Church Activity Of Parents Of Lds Seminary Students To The Attendance Of Seminary Students At Church, Ronald D. Firth
Theses and Dissertations
It has been observed that not all L.D.S. Seminary students are active in church attendance. There is little doubt in the minds of educators that parents affect a great deal the activities of their children.
The purpose of the study was to learn what relationship, if any, existed between a seminary student's church attendance and the church activities of his parents, and to find out which, if any, of five specific areas of parental church activity had the most positive effect on a student's church attendance.
Based on his experience in the church, the writer chose the following areas of …
Mechanical Effects Of Acoustic Transients On Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Philip Edward Hamrick
Mechanical Effects Of Acoustic Transients On Tobacco Mosaic Virus, Philip Edward Hamrick
Theses and Dissertations
The mechanical breakage of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) due to the action of acoustic transients has been investigated. The acoustic transients were produced by transient heating of a Prussian blue dye solution (attenuation coefficient of 1000 per cm) when a ruby laser light (20 x 106 watts) was incident on the dye surface. A quartz piezoelectric transducer was used to determine the amplitude and form of the acoustic wave. The production of acoustic waves by transient heating is discussed, and the theoretical form of the acoustic wave determined for various boundary and initial conditions are compared to the experimentally …
The Effects Of Groundwater Seepage On Stream Regimen : A Laboratory Study, Samuel S. Harrison
The Effects Of Groundwater Seepage On Stream Regimen : A Laboratory Study, Samuel S. Harrison
Theses and Dissertations
The effects of' groundwater seepage on the competence, bed rough ness, and water surface slope of small streams were studied in two laboratory fumes. The larger fume is 20 feet long, 3t feet wide, and 18 inches deep; the smaller flume is 12 feet long, 6 inches wide, and 10 inches deep. Both flumes are equipped so that groundwater seepage through the stream bed can be controlled and monitored.
In the absence of bedforms, upward (positive) seepage has little effect on stream competence or transport rate, even when quicksand conditions are reached. The decrease in effective grain density brought about …
The Postglacial Sedimentology Of Devils Lake, North Dakota, Edward Callender
The Postglacial Sedimentology Of Devils Lake, North Dakota, Edward Callender
Theses and Dissertations
The present sedimentary environment of Devils Lake, a Closed brackish lake in northeastern North Dakota, was investigated, and changes in the Holocene lacustrine environment are interpreted. Sediment samples from Main Bay of Devils Lake were analyzed for their physical, chemical and mineral ogical properties. Analytical data on surface sedimer.t were used to delineate the present sedimentary environment, while data on sediment from three cores were used to reconstruct the Holocene lacustrine history.
The dominant physical processes affecting the surface sediment are wave action and intermittent sediment influx through Big Coulee. The dominant chemical process, precipitation of calcium carbonate, is a …
Thermodynamics Of Metal-Ligand Interactions In Solution I. The Thermodynamics Of Metal-Cyanide Interaction ; Ii. Application Of The Entropy Titration Technique To Metal-Ligand Systems ; Iii. Log K, [Delta]H And [Delta]S Values For The Interaction Of Sulfate Ion With Metal Ions ; Iv. Interaction Of Mercuric Cyanide With Thiourea In Water-Ethanol Solvent Mixtures, Delbert J. Eatough
Theses and Dissertations
Log K values, valid at zero ionic strength are reported for the interaction in aqueous solution of CN- with Ni2+ and Hg2+ at 10°, 25° and 40°C, and with Pd2+ at 25°C. ∆H° and ∆S° values valid at zero ionic strength and 25°C are also reported for the interaction of CN- with Hg2+ and for the reaction Pd(CN)42- + CN- = Pd(CN)53-. In connection with the study of Pd2+ - CN- interaction, log K values for the hydrolysis of Pd2+ to give PqOH+ and Pd(OH)2 and an E° value for the reaction Pd(s) = Pd2+ + 2e- are reported. A …
Secondary Reactions And Partial Rate Factors In The Sulfonation Of Chlorobenzene And Toluene, Ernest Arthur Brown
Secondary Reactions And Partial Rate Factors In The Sulfonation Of Chlorobenzene And Toluene, Ernest Arthur Brown
Theses and Dissertations
The sulfonation of chlorobenzene, chlorobenzene-benzene, and toluene-benzene mixtures by sulfur trioxide in liquid sulfur dioxide at -12.5° C. was studied to obtain isomer distribution and relative rate data. The isomer distribution for the reaction on chlorobenzene was determined by an isotope dillution technique. Relative rate experiments were conducted by sulfonating C14 labeled benzene in competition with nonradioactive chlorobenzene and toluene and the count rate of the products was used to determine product composition. Ultraviolet spectrophotometry was also used to investigate variations in isomer distributions as a function of sulfur trioxide concentration. The apparent relative rates of sulfonation (kX/kB) as calculated …
Bivalvia And Paleoecology Of The Fox Hills Formation (Upper Cretaceous) Of North Dakota, Rodney M. Feldmann
Bivalvia And Paleoecology Of The Fox Hills Formation (Upper Cretaceous) Of North Dakota, Rodney M. Feldmann
Theses and Dissertations
The bivalve fauna of the Fox Hills Formation, Maestrichtian, of North Dakota was studied in an attempt to modernize the nomenclature of known bivalves, describe new forms, interpret the relationships of members of the formation, and establish the paleoecological setting in which the Fox Hills was deposited.
The Fox Hills Formation crops out in Logan, Emmons, Sioux, Morton, Burleigh, Kidder, Pierce, McHenry, Bottineau, and Bowman counties in North Dakota. It is best exposed along the Missouri River in south-central North Dakota. Traditionally, the formation has been subdivided into four members, all of which are exposed in the type area of …
Recent Fluvial Geology In Western North Dakota, Thomas M. Hamilton
Recent Fluvial Geology In Western North Dakota, Thomas M. Hamilton
Theses and Dissertations
The thesis here abstracted was written under the direction of Lee Clayton and approved by Walter L. Moore -and John R. Reid as members of the examining connnittee, of which Mr. Clayton was chairman.
In western North Dakota many drainage channels that are incised into valley fill are characterized by steep, unvegetated sides. Many such channels contain actively eroding scarps. The origin of these scarps is most frequently related to increased water velocity causing accelerated erosion on a steepened reach of the valley flat.
The principal mechanism of scarp migration is soilfall which is initiated by undercutting of the scarp …
A Stratigraphic And Sedimentologic Analysis Of The Tongue River And Sentinel Butte Formations (Paleocene), Western North Dakota, Chester F. Royse Jr.
A Stratigraphic And Sedimentologic Analysis Of The Tongue River And Sentinel Butte Formations (Paleocene), Western North Dakota, Chester F. Royse Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
The Tongue River-Sentirel Butte contact has been regarded by many workers as a vague color boundary of minor extent within a relatively homogeneous sequence of Paleocene strata. Consequently, the Sentinel Butte has come to be regarded as a subordinate unit of the ”Tongue River Formation. As defined in report, the contact is a distinctive horizon between two discrete lithogenetic units. It characterized by three criteria: a horizon (HT Butte bad) &t the top of the Tongue River sequence; a. basal sandy unit in the Sentinel Butte sequence, and a marked change in color between buff yellow Tongue River sediments below …
Time And Soil Development On Lateral Moraines, Martin River Glacier, South-Central Alaska, John R. Tinker Jr.
Time And Soil Development On Lateral Moraines, Martin River Glacier, South-Central Alaska, John R. Tinker Jr.
Theses and Dissertations
During the summer of 1966, eighteen soil profiles on a series of 21 lateral moraines, were studied to ascertain the relationship of time to soil development. The moraines are located on Charlotte Ridge on the south margin of the Martin River Glacier in south-central Alaska. The elevation of the highest moraine is approximately fifteen hundred feet and is located 800 feet above the present level of the glacier.
To determine the direct effect of time on soil formation, the remaining soil forming factors were kept constant; the soil pits were located so that relief, exposure, and vegetation of the sites …
Ore Controls And Formation Of The Ore-Bearing Structures In The Idarado Mines, San Miguel And Ouray Counties, Colorado, S. R. Sanjines
Ore Controls And Formation Of The Ore-Bearing Structures In The Idarado Mines, San Miguel And Ouray Counties, Colorado, S. R. Sanjines
Theses and Dissertations
Two major ore-bearing veins were studied on two levels in the Idarado mine, on the northwestern flank of the San Juan Mountains of southwestern Colorado. The Argentine vein, striking N. 10°-20° W. and dipping 75°-85° W., and the Cross vein, striking N. 45°-50° W. and dipping 50° W. represent the two systems to which all productive veins of the mine belong. Although not formed simultaneously, all veins represent mid-Tertiary mineralization associated with volcanism that formed the San Juan Mountains. Vein minerals are galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, silver (probably as sulfides), and gold in a gangue of pyrite, quartz, calcite and epidote. …
The Geology Of The Elliston Area, Western Montana, Thomas R. Walker
The Geology Of The Elliston Area, Western Montana, Thomas R. Walker
Theses and Dissertations
The Elliston area includes four townships located along the continental divide west of Helena, Montana on the northwest margin of the Boulder Batholith and within the Laramide disturbed belt. Strata ranging in age from Precambrian through recent are present, with all but the Ordovician, Silurian, and Triassic System& represented. The sedimentary rocks are mainly marine and continental carbonates, shales, and sandstones typical of a relatively stable shelf. The Precambrian Belt "Series" comprise the oldest rocks. The lower Cretaceous Blackleaf Formation is the youngest pre-Laramide unit. Post-Laramide sediments include fine-grained mid-Tertiary basin fills, terrace gravels, a moraine, and a mantle of …
The Surface Morphology Of A Small Drainage Basin In The North Dakota Badlands, J. Ladd Hagmaier
The Surface Morphology Of A Small Drainage Basin In The North Dakota Badlands, J. Ladd Hagmaier
Theses and Dissertations
To describe the surface morphology of a fourth order drainage basin located in the North Dakota Badland,, the writer made quanti tative application• of known descriptive techniques and morphological laws.
The surface configuration is a function of the study area's linear, areal, and relief properties and surface elements. The linear and areal properties are determined from maps showing the drainage basin 's surface geometry, the relief properties are determined from large-scale topographic maps of the area, and the surface elements are determined by direct field measurements of the ground slopes, surface materials, and vegetal coverage.
The surface geometry of the …
The Newcastle Formation In The Williston Basin Of North Dakota, Mark Reishus
The Newcastle Formation In The Williston Basin Of North Dakota, Mark Reishus
Theses and Dissertations
The Lower Cretaceous Newcastle Formation of the Black Hills has been traced, through the use of well logs, from near the type section in eastern Wyoming into the subsurface of the Williston Basin. In the Basin, the Newcastle Formation is a very fine to medium grained, gray to white, quartzose sandstone, which overlies the Skull Creek Shale and underlies the Mowry Shale. In area where the Newcastle is absent the overlying and underlying shales cannot be separated and here are referred to as “undifferentiated Mowry-Skull Creek”.
Newcastle deposition occurred mainly in the eastern one-third and western quarter of North Dakota. …
Stratigraphy And Sedimentology Of The Tongue River Formation (Paleocene), Southeast Golden Valley County, North Dakota, Jack W. Crawford
Stratigraphy And Sedimentology Of The Tongue River Formation (Paleocene), Southeast Golden Valley County, North Dakota, Jack W. Crawford
Theses and Dissertations
The exposed Tertiary rock units in southeast Golden Valley County, North Dakota were measured and described with particular emphasis on the Tongue River Formation. Lithologic samples were collected and analyzed for total carbonate content, particle size, particle roundness, and mineral composition. In the area studied, the Tongue River Formation is 763 feet thick which is considerably thinner than in surrounding areas. The lower member of the Tongue River Formation is 313 feet thick and is composed of yellow-gray, very fine-grained sandstone, siltstone, claystone, shale, and lignite. The overlying Sentinel Butte Member is 450 feet thick and composed of yellow-brown, fine …
The Hell Creek Formation In North Dakota, Charles I. Frye
The Hell Creek Formation In North Dakota, Charles I. Frye
Theses and Dissertations
This paper is a discussion of the surface stratigraphy and petrology of the Hell Creek Formation in North Dakota and eastern Montana. Principal area of study included the Missouri Valley south of Bismarck, North Dakota; the Little Missouri Valley in Slope and Bowman Counties, southwestern North Dakota; the Yellowstone Valley near Glendive, Dawson County, Montana; and the type area of the Hell Creek Formation on Hell Creek and East Hell Creek, Garfield County, Montana on the south shore of the Fort Peck Reservoir.
Two and one-half summers were spent in the field measuring 72 stratigraphic sections, correlating between the measured …
Hydrogeology Of The Shell Creek Area, Mountrail County, North Dakota, Robert G. Willson
Hydrogeology Of The Shell Creek Area, Mountrail County, North Dakota, Robert G. Willson
Theses and Dissertations
A field study of the geology and hydrology of the Shell Creek area in southeastern Mountrail County, North Dakota, was made during 1966 in order to determine the hydrogeology of the area. Six lithostratigraphic and lithologic units were mapped. Samples were analyzed for grain size and mineralogy. Those units are the Fort Union Group, the “Lostwood” slightly-gravelly loam, the “Lostwood” sand-gravel, the “Lostwood” silt-clay, the “Little-Knife Formation”, and the “Coteau Formation”. Mine average maximum slope and drainage integration units were used to map the morphology of the area.
There are four magnitudes of flow systems observed in the Shell Creek …
Refinements In The Isomer Distribution And Relative Rate Of Sulfonation Of Toluene And Hydrochlorination Of Olefins With Stannic Chloride Catalyst, David George Guillot
Refinements In The Isomer Distribution And Relative Rate Of Sulfonation Of Toluene And Hydrochlorination Of Olefins With Stannic Chloride Catalyst, David George Guillot
Theses and Dissertations
The sulfonation of toluene at -12.5° C. with sulfur trioxide in liquid sulfur dioxide was found to give 10.03 ± 0.20 % ortho, 0.73 ± 0.20 % meta and 89.24 ± 0.20 % para isomers. This isomer distribution was determined by isotope dilution analysis using sulfur-35 enriched sulfur trioxide. After dilution of aliquots of the neutralized sulfonation mixture with pure sodium salts of each of the isomers prepared from the corresponding toluidines, the isomers were converted to the p-toluidine salts, purified by recrystallization, and counted by liquid scintillation counting. The relative rate of sulfonation of toluene compared to benzene was …