Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Science And Society Test Viii: The Arms Race Revisited, David W. Hafemeister

Physics

Approximate numerical estimates are developed in order to quantify a variety of aspects of the arms race. The results of these calculations are consistent with either direct observations or with more sophisticated calculations. This paper will cover some of the following aspects of the arms race: (1) the electromagnetic pulse (EMP); (2) spy satellites; (3) ICBM accuracy; (4) NAVSTAR global positioning satellites; (5) particle and laser beam weapons; (6) the neutron bomb; and (7) war games.

Interactive Computer Graphics: The Arms Race, David W. Hafemeister

Physics

No abstract provided.

A Chronology Of The Nuclear Arms Race, David W. Hafemeister

Physics

No abstract provided.

Basic Physics Of Emp, Beam Weapons, And Abm, David W. Hafemeister

Physics

No abstract provided.

On The Theory Of Homogeneous Lipschitz Spaces And Campanato Spaces, Harvey Greenwald

Mathematics

In this paper the equivalence between the Campanato spaces and homogeneous Lipschitz spaces is shown through the use of elementary and constructive means. These Lipschitz spaces can be defined in terms of derivatives as well as differences.

Zeta Matrices Of Elliptic Curves, Goro Kato, Saul Lubkin

Mathematics

Let O=lim_nZ/pⁿZ, , let A=O[g₂,g₃] Δ, where g₂ and g₃ are coefficients of the elliptic curve: Y² = 4X³ − g₂X − g₃ over a finite field and Δ = g₂³ − 27g₃² and let B=A[X,Y]/(Y²-4X³+g₂X+g₃). Then the p-adic cohomology theory will be applied to compute explicitly the zeta matrices of the elliptic curves, induced by the pth power map on the free AzQ -module H1(X, AzQ). Main results are; Theorem 1.1: X …

Iron-Containing Cells In The Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera), Deborah A. Kuterbach, Benjamin Walcott, Richard J. Reeder, Richard B. Frankel

Physics

Honey bees are sensitive to earth strength magnetic fields and are reported to contain magnetite (Fe₃O₄) in their abdomens. We report bands of cells around each abdominal segment that contain numerous electron-opaque, iron-containing granules. The iron is principally in the form of hydrous iron oxides.

Birefringence Determination Of Magnetic Moments Of Magnetotactic Bacteria, Charles Rosenblatt, F. F. Torres De Araujo, Richard B. Frankel

Physics

A birefringence technique is used to determine the average magnetic moments of magnetotactic bacteria in culture. Differences in are noted between live and dead bacteria, as well as between normal density and high density samples of live bacteria.

Conditional Generalizations Of Strong Laws Which Conclude The Partial Sums Converge Almost Surely, Theodore P. Hill

Research Scholars in Residence

Suppose that for every independent sequence of random variables satisfying some hypothesis condition H, it follows that the partial sums converge almost surely. Then it is shown that for every arbitrarily-dependent sequence of random variables, the partial sums converge almost surely on the event where the conditional distributions (given the past) satisfy precisely the same condition H. Thus many strong laws for independent sequences may be immediately generalized into conditional results for arbitrarily-dependent sequences.

Comparisons Of Stop Rule And Supremum Expectations Of I.I.D. Random Variables, Theodore P. Hill, Robert P. Kertz

Research Scholars in Residence

Implicitly defined (and easily approximated) universal constants 1.1 < a_n < 1.6, n = 2,3, ... , are found so that if X₁, X₂, ... are i.i.d. non-negative random variables and if the T_n is the set of stop rules for X₁, ..., X_n, then E (max {X₁, ..., X_n}) ≤ a_nsup {EX_t : t ε T_n}, and the bound a_n is best possible. Similar universal constants 0 < b_n < 1/4 are found so that if the (X_i) are i.i.d. random variables taking values only in …

Fe Hyperfine Fields In Fe3-XVXSi Alloys, T. J. Burch, C. A. Weiler, K. Raj, J. I. Budnick, V. Niculescu, G. C. Papaefthymiou, Richard B. Frankel

Physics

The Mössbauer spectra of Fe in Fe_3-xV_xSi alloys for 0≤x≤1 shows that V occupies almost exclusively one of two Fe sites (the B site). As x increases the spectra of Fe on the other site (the A, C site) becomes increasingly complex as the number of their V 1st neighbors increases. Simulated Mössbauer spectra were calculated using moments obtained by a simple model from bulk magnetization and V NMR data. This model assumes a decrease in Fe(A, C) moments as the number of their Fe 1st neighbors decreases. Comparison of the Fe(B) field of the alloy …

Light Scattering Determination Of Magnetic Moments Of Magnetotactic Bacteria (Invited), Charles Rosenblatt, F. F. Torres De Araujo, Richard B. Frankel

Physics

Light scattering is used to determine the average lengths and magnetic moments of magnetotactic bacteria in culture. The results are consistent with estimates made from electron micrographs.

Magnetotactic Bacteria, Richard B. Frankel

Physics

No abstract provided.

Additive Comparisons Of Stop Rule And Supremum Expectations Of Uniformly Bounded Independent Random Variables, Theodore P. Hill, Robert P. Kertz

Research Scholars in Residence

Let X_I, X₂, . . . be independent random variables taking values in [a, b], and let T denote the stop rules for X₁, X₂, Then E(sup_n>1 X_n) - sup{ EX_t t ≡ T} < (1/4)(b - a), and this bound is best possible. Probabilistically, this says that if a prophet (player with complete foresight) makes a side payment of (b - a)/8 to a gambler (player using nonanticipating stop rules), the game becomes at least fair for the gambler.

Comparative Properties Of Old- And Young-Growth Giant Sequoia Of Potential Significance To Wood Utilization, Douglas D. Piirto, W. Wayne Wilcox

Natural Resources Management and Environmental Sciences

A comparative study and a literature review were made on various wood properties (e.g. anatomical characteristics, mechanical properties, specific gravity, content and properties of extractives and decay resistance) of old- and young-growth giant sequoia. Various causes for variability in decay resistance were examined.

Magnetotactic Bacteria At The Geomagnetic Equator, Richard B. Frankel, R. P. Blakemore, F. F. Torres De Araujo, D. M. S. Esquivel, J. Danon

Physics

Magnetotactic bacteria are present in fresh water and marine sediments of Fortaleza, Brazil, situated close to the geomagnetic equator. Both South-seeking and North-seeking bacteria are present in roughly equal numbers in the same samples. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that the vertical component of the geomagnetic field selects the predominant polarity type among magnetotactic bacteria in natural environments.

Ratio Comparisons Of Supremum And Stop Rule Expectations, Theodore P. Hill, Robert P. Kertz

Research Scholars in Residence

Suppose X₁,X₂,...,X_n are independent non-negative random variables with finite positive expectations. Let T_n denote the stop rules for X₁,...,X_n. The main result of this paper is that E(max{X₁,...,X_n }) sup{EX_t t ε T_n }. The proof given is constructive, and sharpens the corresponding weak inequalities of Krengel and Sucheston and of Garling.

The (Q, R)-Simon Newcomb Problem, Don Rawlings

Mathematics

A new statistic, the r-major index, is defined for sequences. A linear recurrence is then derived that enumerates sequences by r-descent number and r-major index.

Asymptotic Functions And The Problem Of Multiplication Of Distributions, Todor D. Todorov

Mathematics

The asymptotic functions are a new type of generalized functions. But they are not functionals on some space of test-functions as the Schwartz distributions. They are mappings of the set of the asymptotic numbers (1, 3, 5, 6) into itself. On its part, the set of the asymptotic numbers is a totally-ordered set of generalized numbers including the systems of real and complex numbers, as well as infinitesimals and infinitely large numbers. Every two asymptotic functions can be multiplied. On the other hand, the Schwartz distributions have realizations, in a certain sense, as asymptotic functions. The motivations of this work …

Generalized Worpitzky Identities With Applications To Permutation Enumeration, Don Rawlings

Mathematics

The enumeration of permutations by inversions often leads to a q -analog of the usual generating function. In this paper, two generalizations of the Worpitzky identity for the Eulerian numbers are obtained and used to enumerate permutations by the descent number and the major index of their inverses. The resulting (t, q)-generating series do in fact generalize the q-series obtained when counting by inversions.

The R-Major Index, Don Rawlings

Mathematics

The r-major index is a new permutation statistic that is suggested by the work of Carlitz and Gausner on Foulkes' skew hook rule for computing the r-Eulerian numbers. The new statistic (1) generalizes both the major index and the inversion number of a permutation and (2) leads to a q-analog of the r-Eulerian numbers.

Quasi-Extended Asymptotic Functions, Todor D. Todorov

Mathematics

The class F of "quasi-extended asymptotic functions" introduced in the present paper contains all extended asymptotic functions [8, (3.1)] (in particular, all examples constructed in [9, Sec. 1 ]). But F contains also some new asymptotic functions very similar to tht Schwartz distributions. On the other hand, every two quasi-extended asymptotic functions can be multiplied as opposed to the Schwartz distributions; in particular, the square &# 948;² of an asymptotic function &# 948; similar to Dirac's delta-function is constructed as an example. The connection with the asymptotic functions introduced in [2] and [4] is established.

Mossbauer Spectroscopy Of Iron-Containing Dermal Granules From Molpadia Intermedia, S. Ofer, G. C. Papaefthymiou, R. B. Frankel, H. A. Lowenstam

Physics

Dermal granules containing hydrous ferric oxide cores from Molpadia intermedia were studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy from 1.5 t0 300 K and in magnetic fields up to 80 kOersted at 4.2 K. A magnetic phase transition to an antiferromagnetically ordered state is observed at 10 K. The results are compared with the magnetic behavior of micellar cores of ferritin from eukaryotes and iron-storage materials from prokaryotes.

Study Of Iron In Magnetotactic Bacteria, Richard B. Frankel, Richard P. Blakemore

Physics

Bacteria have recently been discovered directing their movements by sensing the earth's magnetic field. They contain arrays of crystals of lodestone or magnetite which they synthesize from iron in the ocean. The discovery of the same type of crystals in the abdomens of honey bees and the brains of homing pigeons suggests that nature is not oblivious to the earth's magnetic field. The biological mechanism for sensing magnetic fields has never been determined. These bacteria are capable of biologically synthesizing highly purified single domain magnets that would be very expensive to produce chemically.

The tiny perfect magnetite crystals made by …

Bulk Magnetic Properties Of Magnetotactic Bacteria, C. R. Denham, R. P. Blakemore, Richard B. Frankel

Physics

Bulk magnetization measurements at room temperature of freeze dried magnetotactic bacterial cells, nonmagnetotactic bacterial cells, and extracted magnetosomes from magnetotactic cells are presented. The role of the magnetosome in the magnetotactic response of swimming cells is discussed.

South-Seeking Magnetotactic Bacteria In The Southern Hemisphere, R. P. Blakemore, Richard B. Frankel, Ad. J. Kalmijn

Physics

Several species of aquatic bacteria which orient in the Earth's magnetic field and swim along magnetic field lines in a preferred direction (magnetotaxis) have been observed in marine and freshwater sediments of the Northern Hemisphere^1,2. Their orientation is due to one or more intracytoplasmic chains of single-domain magnetite particles³. These linearly arranged particles impart a net magnetic dipole moment to the bacterium, parallel to the axis of motility. Northern Hemisphere magnetotactic bacteria with unidirectional motility swim consistently in the direction of the magnetic field, that is, to the geomagnetic North^1,2,4. This implies that their …

Nature Of Iron Deposits On The Cardiac Walls In Β-Thalassemia By Mössbauer Spectroscopy, K. S. Kaufman, G. C. Papaefthymiou, Richard B. Frankel, A. Rosenthal

Physics

An identification of the nature and an estimation of the particle size distribution of the iron deposits on thalassemic heart tissue is carried out by variable temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy. Comparison of Mössbauer spectra obtained for the thalassemic heart tissue (I) with those of normal heart tissue (II) and of horse spleen ferritin (III) identifies the iron deposits to be small, superparamagnetic particles of ferritin and/or hemosiderin, two closely related iron storage proteins containing an iron core of (FeOOH)₈(FeO · OPO₃H₂). The dependence of the superparamagnetic relaxation time, τ₂, of magnetically ordered fine …

An Empirical Bayes Approach To Polynomial Regression Under Order Restrictions, Leonard W. Deaton

Statistics

An unknown polynomial is to be estimated over a finite interval from N independent, normally distributed observations. A prior distribution is placed on the polynomial coefficients expressing the opinion that the coefficients decrease in absolute value as the degree of the corresponding terms increase. The data are used to estimate the parameters in the prior distribution of the coefficients. A Monte Carlo study is presented which compares the proposed method with the lack-of-fit procedure. This study indicates that the proposed method performs well in terms of minimizing a squared error loss as well as in yielding the correct degree of …

Asymptotic Numbers: I. Algebraic Properties, Todor D. Todorov

Mathematics

The set of asymptotic numbers A introduced in Refs. [1] and [3] is a system of generalized numbers including the system of real numbers R, as well as infinitely small (infinitesimals) and infinitely large numbers. The purpose of this paper is to study in detail the algebraic properties of A which are a little unusual, in a cenain sense, as compared with the known algebraic structures (rings. fields, etc.) This is necessary for the investigation of the class of asymptotic functions [2.4], which are on their part, generalized functions similar to the distributions of Schwartz but allowing the operation of …

Asymptotic Numbers: Ii. Order Relation, Infinitesimals And Interval Topology, Todor D. Todorov

Mathematics

It has been shown in [8] that the set of asympototic numbers A is a system of generalized numbers including isomorphically the set of real numbers R, as well as the field of formal power (asymptotic) series. In the present paper, which is a continuation of [8], an order relation in A is introduced due to A turning out to be a totally-ordered set. The consistency between the order relation and the algebraic operations in A is investigated and in particular, it is shown that the inequalities in A can be added and multiplied as in the set of …