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Articles 2011 - 2040 of 2429

Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics

Efficient Processing Of Set Queries Using Bitmap Index, Muhammad Assad Safiullah Jul 2008

Efficient Processing Of Set Queries Using Bitmap Index, Muhammad Assad Safiullah

Computer Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Growing complexity of enterprise-wide data and business processes necessitates the efficiency of complex decision support set queries. However, contemporary DBMS remain unsuccessful in handling set queries efficiently. In this thesis we propose efficient set query processing methods using bitmap index. The methods use bitmap vectors to represent attributes values in binary format. The methods test groups within a schema in a hierarchical fashion. Satisfying groups are bisected further and checked recursively while non-satisfying groups are pruned resulting in significant reduction in response times. In addition, our iterative implementation avoids the inefficiency that can be introduced by recursive implementation by reading …

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A Context-Aware Learning, Prediction And Mediation Framework For Resource Management In Smart Pervasive Environments, Nirmalya Roy Jul 2008

A Context-Aware Learning, Prediction And Mediation Framework For Resource Management In Smart Pervasive Environments, Nirmalya Roy

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Advances in smart devices, mobile wireless communications, sensor networks, pervasive computing, machine learning, middleware and agent technologies, and human computer interfaces have made the dream of smart environments a reality. An important characteristic of such an intelligent, ubiquitous computing and communication paradigm lies in the autonomous and pro-active interaction of smart devices used for determining inhabitants' important contexts such as current and near-future locations, activities or vital signs. `Context Awareness' is perhaps the most salient feature of such an intelligent computing environment. An inhabitant's mobility and activities play a significant role in defining his contexts in and around the home. …

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Mass Spectrometry Based Proteomic Biomarker Selection And Sample Prediction, Jung Hun Oh Jul 2008

Mass Spectrometry Based Proteomic Biomarker Selection And Sample Prediction, Jung Hun Oh

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

High-resolution MALDI-TOF (matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight) mass spectrometry has recently shown promise as a screening tool for detecting discriminatory peptide/protein patterns. The major computational obstacle in finding such patterns is the large number of mass/charge peaks (features, biomarkers, data points) in a spectrum. To tackle this problem, we have developed methods for data preprocessing and biomarker selection. The preprocessing consists of binning, baseline correction, and normalization. An algorithm, Extended Markov Blanket (EMB), is developed for biomarker detection, which combines redundant feature removal and discriminant feature selection. The biomarker selection couples with support vector machine (SVM) to achieve sample prediction from …

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Comprehensive Data Analysis For Biomarker Pattern Discovery Using Dna/Protein Microarrays, Young Bun Kim Jul 2008

Comprehensive Data Analysis For Biomarker Pattern Discovery Using Dna/Protein Microarrays, Young Bun Kim

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

During the last decade, the advent of microarray technology has stimulated rapid research advances in bioinformatics. Microarray data pose great challenges for computational data analysis, because of their large dimensionality (up to several tens of thousands of genes) and their small sample sizes. In order to deal with these particular characteristics of microarray data, the need and importance for feature selection techniques were realized. While a lot of research deals with classification methods and their application to microarray data, only a few approaches are explicitly designed to consider interaction among the investigated features. It is well known that the interactions …

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First-Principles Study On Hard/Soft Smco5/Co(Fe) Nanocomposite Magnetic Materials, Dangxin Wu Jul 2008

First-Principles Study On Hard/Soft Smco5/Co(Fe) Nanocomposite Magnetic Materials, Dangxin Wu

Physics Dissertations - Archive

More than a decade ago, exchange-spring permanent magnets containing soft and hard magnetic phases have been proposed to enlarge maximum energy product values through exchange coupling between the magnetically soft and hard phases. Indeed some later experiments have shown some promises in this regard. However, there are still many pending fundamental issues in the understanding and enhancement of the exchange coupling. In this dissertation, we have performed first-principles study based on the density functional theory to tackle some of these issues, including the effects of soft phase properties and interfacial conditions on the exchange coupling, using SmCo5 as hard phase …

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Silicon Carbide Nanotubes: Promises Beyond Carbon Nanotubes, Kazi Mohammad Monirul Alam Jul 2008

Silicon Carbide Nanotubes: Promises Beyond Carbon Nanotubes, Kazi Mohammad Monirul Alam

Physics Theses - Archive

First-principles calculations for the electronic and geometric structures of three different types of armchair and zigzag silicon carbide nanotubes from (3, 3) to (11, 11) and (3, 0) to (11, 0) have been performed using hybrid density functional theory and the finite cluster approximation. Full geometry and spin optimizations have been performed without any symmetry constraints. A detailed comparison of the structures and stabilities of the three types of nanotubes is presented. The dependence of the electronic band gaps on the respective tube diameters, energy density of states and dipole moments as well as Mulliken charge distributions have been investigated. …

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Probing The 5f Electrons: A Relativistic Dft Study Of Americium Surfaces, Pratik Pankajkumar Dholabhai Jul 2008

Probing The 5f Electrons: A Relativistic Dft Study Of Americium Surfaces, Pratik Pankajkumar Dholabhai

Physics Dissertations - Archive

Surface chemistry and physics have been and continues to be very active fields of research because of the obvious scientific and technological implications and consequent importance of such research. One of the many motivations for this burgeoning effort has been the desire to understand surface corrosion, metallurgy and catalytic activity in order to address environmental concerns. In particular, such efforts are important for a group of strongly correlated and heavy fermion systems like the actinides, for which experimental work is relatively difficult to perform due to material problems and toxicity. These metals are among the most complex of the long-lived …

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Spectroscopy Is Applied Quantum Mechanics. Part 4: Ideal Systems, David W. Ball Jun 2008

Spectroscopy Is Applied Quantum Mechanics. Part 4: Ideal Systems, David W. Ball

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The article features the last and fourth part of the lecture series about the application of quantum mechanics to spectroscopy. It examines ideal systems with wave functions that can be derived from the Schroedinger equation. It likewise follows discourse for failings of classical mechanics, the quantum hypothesis, and the emergence of a new theory called quantum mechanics.

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The Impact Of Vaccination And Multiple Types Of Hpv On Cervical Cancer, Britnee A. Crawford Jun 2008

The Impact Of Vaccination And Multiple Types Of Hpv On Cervical Cancer, Britnee A. Crawford

Mathematics Theses - Archive

Understanding the relationship between multiple strains of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer may play a key role in vaccination strategies for the virus. In this article we formulate a model with two strains of infection and vaccination for one of the strains in order to investigate how multiple strains of HPV and vaccination may aect the number of cervical cancer cases and deaths due to infections with both types of HPV. We calculate the basic reproductive number for both strains independently as well as the basic reproductive number for the system based on R1 and R2. We also compute the …

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Potential Of Improved Fallows To Increase Household And Regional Fuelwood Supply: Evidence From Western Kenya, B. A. Jama, J. K. Mutegi, A. N. Njui Jun 2008

Potential Of Improved Fallows To Increase Household And Regional Fuelwood Supply: Evidence From Western Kenya, B. A. Jama, J. K. Mutegi, A. N. Njui

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Fuelwood is the main energy source for households in rural Africa, but its supply is rapidly declining especially in the densely populated areas. Short duration planted tree fallows, an agroforestry technology widely promoted in sub-Sahara Africa for soil fertility improvement may offer some remedy. Our objective was to determine the fuelwood production potential of 6, 12 and 18 months (the common fallow rotation periods) old Crotalaria grahamiana, Crotalaria paulina, Tephrosia vogelli and Tephrosia candida fallows under farmer-managed conditions in western Kenya. Based on plot-level yields, we estimated the extent to which these tree fallows would meet household and sub-national fuelwood …

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Observation Of Gamma-Ray Emission From The Galaxy M87 Above 250 Gev With Veritas, P. T. Reynolds, Et. Al. May 2008

Observation Of Gamma-Ray Emission From The Galaxy M87 Above 250 Gev With Veritas, P. T. Reynolds, Et. Al.

Physical Sciences Publications

The multiwavelength observation of the nearby radio galaxy M87 provides a unique opportunity to study in detail processes occurring in active galactic nuclei from radio waves to TeV γ-rays. Here we report the detection of γ-ray emission above 250 GeV from M87 in spring 2007 with the VERITAS atmospheric Cerenkov telescope array and discuss its correlation with the X-ray emission. The γ-ray emission is measured to be pointlike with an intrinsic source radius less than 4.5'. The differential energy spectrum is fitted well by a power-law function: dΦ/dE = (7.4 ± 1.3stat ± 1.5sys)(E/TeV)(− 2.31 ± 0.17stat ± 0.2sys) 10−9 …

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Integrated Management Of Striga Hermonthica, Stemborers, And Declining Soil Fertility In Western Kenya, B. Vanlauwe, F. Kanampiu, G. D. Odhiambo, H. De Groote, L. J. Wadhams, Z. R. Khan May 2008

Integrated Management Of Striga Hermonthica, Stemborers, And Declining Soil Fertility In Western Kenya, B. Vanlauwe, F. Kanampiu, G. D. Odhiambo, H. De Groote, L. J. Wadhams, Z. R. Khan

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Striga hermonthica (Delile) Benth., stemborers, and declining soil fertility are serious threats to sustainable food production in the Lake Victoria zone of Kenya. To address these constraints, promising integrated crop management technologies were evaluated, using a multi-locational design in four sub-locations in Siaya and Vihiga district (western Kenya) for six cropping seasons. Technologies evaluated consisted of the traditional maize (Zea mays L.) - bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) intercrop, maize - Desmodium (Desmodium uncinatum (Jacq.) DC.) push-pull intercrop, Crotalaria (Crotalaria ochroleuca G. Don) - maize rotation, and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr) - maize rotation. Within each of these systems, imazapyr-coated …

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Energy-Efficient Connected K-Coverage, Duty-Cycling, And Geographic Forwarding In Wireless Sensor Networks, Habib M. Ammari May 2008

Energy-Efficient Connected K-Coverage, Duty-Cycling, And Geographic Forwarding In Wireless Sensor Networks, Habib M. Ammari

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

With the fast advances in inexpensive sensor technology and wireless communications, the design and development of large-scale wireless sensor networks has become cost-effective and viable enough to attract the attention of a wide range of civilian, natural, and military applications, such as health and environmental monitoring, seism monitoring, and battlefields surveillance. The main challenge in the design of wireless sensor networks is the limited battery power of the sensors and the difficulty of replacing and/or recharging these batteries due to the nature of the monitored field, such as hostile environments, and cost. Thus, it is necessary that the sensors be …

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A Multi-Level Biomedical Ontology-Enabled Broker: Dynamic Service-Based Data Source Integration, Sheng-Chieh Jack Fu May 2008

A Multi-Level Biomedical Ontology-Enabled Broker: Dynamic Service-Based Data Source Integration, Sheng-Chieh Jack Fu

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Web services have recently become a new trend for gathering biomedical information. However, it is not easy to integrate and obtain a concise/complete query result among thousands of service operations. In this dissertation, we propose a multi-level ontology-enabled service broker system for dynamically integrating web services in the biomedical domain (BioServiceBroker). By introducing multi-level modeling concepts and intra/inter level relationships, our approach facilitates more accurate modeling of biomedical ontologies, which leads to a better understanding of the data stored in various biological data sources as well as the services provided by the data sources. In addition, we incorporate temporal concepts …

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Geochemical Investigation Of Tungsten In Two Groundwater Flow Systems: The Carrizo Sand Aquifer, Texas, Usa, And The Aquia Aquifer, Maryland, Usa, Heeral B. Dave May 2008

Geochemical Investigation Of Tungsten In Two Groundwater Flow Systems: The Carrizo Sand Aquifer, Texas, Usa, And The Aquia Aquifer, Maryland, Usa, Heeral B. Dave

Earth & Environmental Sciences Theses - Archive

Groundwater sampled were collected from well sites located within the Carrizo Sand aquifer in Atascosa and McMullen counties in Texas, and also within the Aquia Aquifer, Maryland in the counties of Queen Anne's, Kent, and Ann Arundel in Maryland. During the field sampling trips, on site measurements were conducted for pH, specific conductance, temperature, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation-reduction potential (Eh), iron speciation ([Fe (II)/ Fe(III)]), and dissolved S (-II) concentrations. In order to examine and study solid phase tungsten concentrations in the Aquia (archived at the Maryland Geological Survey) and Carrizo Aquifer sediments, we collected a number of aliquots, …

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An Influenza Virus Molecular Infection Model And Discrete Event, Stochastic Simulation., Richard Burke Squires May 2008

An Influenza Virus Molecular Infection Model And Discrete Event, Stochastic Simulation., Richard Burke Squires

Computer Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Influenza virus is responsible for the greatest pandemic in human history causing 20 - 40 million deaths worldwide during the 1918 flu season. In 1997 fears of a future pandemic arose with the discovery of a new strain of H5N1 avian influenza. In an effort to better understand the dynamics of influenza infection a new model of influenza virus infection at the molecular level has been developed. Comprising nineteen stages and five molecular types (mRNA, cRNA, vRNA, vRNP and proteins) the FluSim model consists of the major contributing pathogen factors to influenza infection. A discrete event, stochastic simulation based upon …

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Proteomic Strategies For Investigation Of Protein/Ligand And Peptide/Ligand Non-Covalent Interactions By Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Abraham H. Lo May 2008

Proteomic Strategies For Investigation Of Protein/Ligand And Peptide/Ligand Non-Covalent Interactions By Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry, Abraham H. Lo

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses - Archive

Through universal proteomic methods and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), multiple molecular recognition strategies were investigated as a prospective complementary tool for investigating protein-ligand interactions. Three model protein-ligand systems: bovine serum albumin/naproxen, cytochrome c/ATP & ADP, and integrin/RGD peptide were probed based on the categorical difference in the nature of each ligand. It was found that screening for protein binding sites from proteolytic digests was feasible for one of three models. Three different proteolytic digests of cytochrome c featured several examples of binding interaction with the ligands ATP and ADP. The detection of binding between intact cytochrome c and ATP/ADP was …

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Generalized Inverse Scattering Transform For The Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation, Theresa Nicole Busse May 2008

Generalized Inverse Scattering Transform For The Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation, Theresa Nicole Busse

Mathematics Dissertations - Archive

The nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation describes wave propagation in optical fibers, and it is one of the most well-known nonlinear partial differential equations. In 1972 Zakharov and Shabat introduced a powerful method (known as the inverse scattering transform) to solve the initial-value problem for the NLS equation. Due to mathematical and technical difficulties, this method has been available mainly in the case where the multiplicity of each bound state is one. In our research we remove that restriction and generalize the inverse scattering transform for the NLS equation to the case where the multiplicity of each bound state is arbitrarily …

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Secure Data Aggregation In Wireless Sensor Networks, Wei Zhang May 2008

Secure Data Aggregation In Wireless Sensor Networks, Wei Zhang

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Recent advances in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology and wireless communications technologies have enabled the deployment of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in a plethora of applications, ranging widely from military surveillance to civilian applications. To protect the networks from different kinds of attacks, security in wireless sensor networks plays a crucial role and has received increased attention especially in the applications deployed in hostile environments, such as battlefield monitoring and home security. While extensive efforts have been devoted toward securing conventional networks, the stringent resource constraints, such as energy, communication and computation capability, etc., have often prevented their direct adoptions. As …

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Data Dissemination Protocols In Wireless Sensor Networks : Design, Modeling And Security, Pradip De May 2008

Data Dissemination Protocols In Wireless Sensor Networks : Design, Modeling And Security, Pradip De

Computer Science and Engineering Dissertations - Archive

Wireless sensor and actuator networks have been one of the stepping stones towards realizing a pervasive computing infrastructure. However, in a post-deployment scenario, transferring critical updates and reconfigurations on a network-wide scale is a non-trivial proposition. Wireless techniques provide the only means of communication, and consequently, an in-depth study of the multihop broadcast based communication paradigm and the design of efficient and reliable data dissemination protocols for reprogramming a sensor network is of paramount importance. In this dissertation, we initially focus on the formal modeling and performance analysis of broadcast-based data dissemination protocols in wireless sensor networks. The data propagating …

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Synthetic Studies And Biological Evaluation Of Imidazole-Containing Marine Alkaloids, Lesley Ann Schmid May 2008

Synthetic Studies And Biological Evaluation Of Imidazole-Containing Marine Alkaloids, Lesley Ann Schmid

Chemistry & Biochemistry Dissertations - Archive

This dissertation discusses the synthetic methods towards and the preliminary biological studies of an unnamed, imidazole-containing alkaloid, derived from the marine species Oceanapia. This alkaloid was first discovered in 1996 by researchers at the NIH as a possible inhibitor of the key enzyme in the detoxification cycle of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Chapter 1 provides an overview of tuberculosis, which is currently the second highest cause of death worldwide, with one third of the world's population infected. In recent years, the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains has created new interest and funding for tuberculosis research. New treatments like the alkaloid described above …

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Mathematical Analysis Of Allelopathy And Resource Competition Models, Ian Pablo Martines May 2008

Mathematical Analysis Of Allelopathy And Resource Competition Models, Ian Pablo Martines

Mathematics Dissertations - Archive

Mathematical population models of nutrient recycling and allelopathy are presented. The chemostat limited-resource model forms the basis for each of the models, amended with the dynamics of nutrient recycling and allelopathy. Nutrient recycling considers the explicit mortality of the population as providing additional recycled nutrient available to the remaining organisms. Also considered is allelopathy in which one population produces a poison to increase the mortality of another population. In this study we explore allelopathy in which the poison producer increases toxicity as the nutrients are limited. In addition to the chemostat model, we also consider the associated gradostat, two chemostat …

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Chemical Ecology And Conservation Biological Control, Zeyaur R. Khan, David G. James, Charles A.O. Midega, John A. Pickett May 2008

Chemical Ecology And Conservation Biological Control, Zeyaur R. Khan, David G. James, Charles A.O. Midega, John A. Pickett

All Peer-Reviewed Publications

Elucidating the chemical ecology of natural enemies, herbivores and host plants is important in the development of effective and successful integrated pest management (IPM) strategies where abundance and distribution of natural enemies could be manipulated by semiochemicals for improved conservation biological control (CBC). In response to attack by herbivores, plants produce semiochemicals called Herbivore-Induced Plant Volatiles (HIPVs) which act to repel pests and attract their natural enemies. Damaged, and in some cases, intact plants may also produce volatile signals that warn other plants of impending attack. Some of these intact plants are used as intercrops in 'push-pull' strategies; cropping systems …

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Spectroscopy Is Applied Quantum Mechanics. Part 3: Introduction To Quantum Mechanics, David W. Ball Apr 2008

Spectroscopy Is Applied Quantum Mechanics. Part 3: Introduction To Quantum Mechanics, David W. Ball

Chemistry Faculty Publications

The article discusses the pioneering work of Erwin Schrödinger on wave mechanics that forms the basis of modern understanding in subatomic behavior. Schrödinger introduced a second-order differential equation that had to be solved to explain the nature of the hydrogen atom. He also demonstrated that the matrix mechanics of Heisenberg and Born were mathematically equivalent and developed the concept of perturbation theory to explain the Stark effect.

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Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Using Automatic Task Decomposition And Exploration Shaping, Predrag Djurdjevic Apr 2008

Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Using Automatic Task Decomposition And Exploration Shaping, Predrag Djurdjevic

Computer Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Reinforcement learning agents situated in real world environments have to be able to address a number of challenges in order to succeed at accomplishing a wide range of tasks over their lifetime. Among these, such systems have to be able to extract control knowledge from already learned tasks and apply them to subsequent ones in order to allow the agent to accomplish the new task faster and to accelerate the learning of an optimal policy. To address skill reuse and skill transfer, a number of approaches using hierarchical state and action spaces have been introduced recently which build on the …

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Southern Illinois Paleoclimate Determined From Variations In Iron Oxide Content, James Lee Blankenship Apr 2008

Southern Illinois Paleoclimate Determined From Variations In Iron Oxide Content, James Lee Blankenship

Earth & Environmental Sciences Theses - Archive

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy was used to determine the relative abundance of the iron oxides hematite and goethite in a loess and paleosol sequence from an unglaciated area of southern Illinois. Factor analysis of first derivatives of the spectral data yielded a four factor solution which explained more than 94% of the cumulative variance. Factors 2 and 3, which represent hematite and goethite respectively, were the most useful for interpreting paleoclimatic conditions at the site. Hematite, which is indicative of warmer conditions with periodic seasonal rainfall, shows a strong response not only to climatic variations but also to glacial lobe proximity. …

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Texture Measurement And Skid Number Prediction Using Laser Data Acquisition, Digital Signal Processing, And Neural Networks, John Michael Kebrle Apr 2008

Texture Measurement And Skid Number Prediction Using Laser Data Acquisition, Digital Signal Processing, And Neural Networks, John Michael Kebrle

Computer Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Real-time estimation of the skid number of pavement is difficult. Traditional methods of volumetric measurement are cumbersome and time consuming. It is desired to enable prediction of the skid number of pavement using non-contact means, and to doso using a method which provides a reasonable estimate of the pavements skid number. This research used laser data acquisition of macro-texture, Digital Signal Processing and Neural Networks to estimate the skid number of pavement to a reasonable degree. The research used Digital Signal Processing to identify potentially bad data sets, and a Neural Network model for predicting skid number on the refined …

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Ionic Liquids: Syntheses, Characterization And Applications In Analytical Chemistry, Pritesh S. Sharma Apr 2008

Ionic Liquids: Syntheses, Characterization And Applications In Analytical Chemistry, Pritesh S. Sharma

Chemistry & Biochemistry Theses - Archive

Multifunctional ionic liquids (esp. dicationic and dianionic) have been shown to have a greater range of physical properties than most traditional, singly charged ILs. In this work, 28 novel tricationic ILs with specific structural variations have been synthesized in order to investigate the effect on their physicochemical properties. It was observed that the physicochemical properties can be varied to a greater extent in tricationic ILs than in traditional ILs. The central core of the tricationic IL itself can have different degrees of flexibility and these moieties can be altered as can the charge carrying groups to produce ILs with the …

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Estimating Absolute Transcript Concentration For Microarrays Using Langmuir Adsorption Theory, Min Mo Apr 2008

Estimating Absolute Transcript Concentration For Microarrays Using Langmuir Adsorption Theory, Min Mo

Mathematics Dissertations - Archive

This paper estimates the Langmuir parameters for probe on microarray then improves estimation of absolute transcript concentration using Langmuir adsorption model. We use the spike-in probes found on commercial microarrays, along with Langmuir adsorption model to estimate Langmuir parameters for spike-in probes, then combine with an assumed log-linear model for those Langmuir parameters in terms of the spike-in probe sequence features, to estimate the assumed-invariant model coefficients. These estimated coefficients are then used, along with the probe sequence features of the target probes, to estimate the Langmuir parameters for each target probe. Finally, these estimated Langmuir parameters are combined with …

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Enhancing Jswat For Monitor-Based Executions, Arun Ramani Mar 2008

Enhancing Jswat For Monitor-Based Executions, Arun Ramani

Computer Science and Engineering Theses - Archive

Concurrent programs contain more than one thread that executes concurrently to accomplish a particular task. Since the threads in a concurrent program work together to accomplish a common goal, they share the data, code, resources and address space of their process. This reduces the overhead involved in creating and managing the threads but leads to side effects like race conditions, critical section problem and deadlocks. There are several operating system constructs to solve these issues such as locks, semaphores, monitors etc. Locks are associated with each object to control access of shared resources. Semaphores can be described as counters used …

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