Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons™
Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
- Institution
-
- University of Nebraska - Lincoln (3670)
- University of Northern Iowa (1107)
- Claremont Colleges (492)
- Taylor University (473)
- Virginia Commonwealth University (437)
-
- Western Kentucky University (332)
- University of Nevada, Las Vegas (324)
- California State University, Monterey Bay (269)
- Georgia Southern University (262)
- Santa Clara University (253)
- University of South Florida (223)
- Nova Southeastern University (203)
- Singapore Management University (203)
- Old Dominion University (200)
- Morehead State University (190)
- LSU Health New Orleans (169)
- Kennesaw State University (156)
- University of Arkansas, Fayetteville (134)
- Utah State University (119)
- Roseman University of Health Sciences (118)
- University of Malaya (109)
- Western Michigan University (94)
- City University of New York (CUNY) (93)
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (83)
- Illinois Math and Science Academy (81)
- Technological University Dublin (81)
- University of Mississippi (80)
- Walden University (79)
- Portland State University (74)
- Purdue University (73)
- Keyword
-
- Education (341)
- Mathematics (250)
- Western Kentucky University (233)
- Agriculture (186)
- Natural resources (171)
-
- Hurricane Katrina (170)
- Early California maps (166)
- Historical resources (166)
- California Ranchos (161)
- Monterey County surveys (161)
- Higher education (147)
- STEM (123)
- Chemistry (106)
- Physics (104)
- Teaching (86)
- Assessment (85)
- Science (85)
- Artificial intelligence (83)
- Santa Clara University (Calif.) (82)
- Student newspapers and periodicals (82)
- Pedagogy (81)
- Faculty (78)
- Sustainability (78)
- Math (74)
- Statistics (74)
- Iowa Academy of Science--Congresses; Science--Iowa--Congresses; (73)
- Technology (72)
- Curriculum (69)
- Mathematics education (68)
- Students (68)
- Publication Year
- Publication
-
- Nebraska Tractor Tests (3402)
- Journal of the Iowa Academy of Science: JIAS (701)
- Journal of Mathematics and Science: Collaborative Explorations (426)
- WKU Administration Documents (211)
- Humanistic Mathematics Network Journal (201)
-
- Iowa Academy of Science Documents (197)
- Mathematical Sciences: Faculty Publications (181)
- Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems (168)
- Township and Range Surveys - BLM (162)
- Journal of Humanistic Mathematics (142)
- Santa Clara Magazine (140)
- Numeracy (127)
- Annual Research Symposium (118)
- The Santa Clara (113)
- Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science (102)
- Student Works (2000-2009) (95)
- USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations (81)
- Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies (76)
- ORED Newsletter (74)
- CODEE Journal (73)
- 2023 Celebration of Student Scholarship - Poster Presentations (65)
- Publications and Research (63)
- Electronic Theses and Dissertations (59)
- Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice (57)
- Theses and Dissertations (56)
- Publications (55)
- Butler Journal of Undergraduate Research (52)
- Faculty Publications (52)
- Dissertations (51)
- Computer Science: Faculty Publications and Other Works (46)
- Publication Type
- File Type
Articles 421 - 450 of 13392
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Untitled Unmastered: Initial Conditions And Emergent Properties Of The Mathematics Classroom, Reginald L. Mcgee
Untitled Unmastered: Initial Conditions And Emergent Properties Of The Mathematics Classroom, Reginald L. Mcgee
Annual Symposium on Biomathematics and Ecology Education and Research
No abstract provided.
The 2017 Merrimack College Mobile Lightboard: Personalized Office-Based Lightboarding On A Shared Mobile Board, Craig Looney, Christopher L. Duston, James Biegel, Manuel A. Carrero Jr., Nicholas A. Valente
The 2017 Merrimack College Mobile Lightboard: Personalized Office-Based Lightboarding On A Shared Mobile Board, Craig Looney, Christopher L. Duston, James Biegel, Manuel A. Carrero Jr., Nicholas A. Valente
Physics Faculty Publications
We present and evaluate the Merrimack College Mobile Lightboard, which we built in 2017 and which is still in use in 2025. Our design was closely based on that of the groundbreaking 2014 Duke University Lightboard but with a smaller glass pane, 5 feet wide instead of 6 feet wide. The resulting scaled-down board is small enough to move in and out of individual faculty offices, but large enough to make detailed videos. An updated construction cost estimate is provided, and recent upgrades are briefly discussed. We believe that personalized office-based lightboarding represents an attractive option for many faculty members, …
Sound Practices In Human Resources: A Critical Analysis Of How Ai Applicant Screening Tools Are Used With Deaf Individuals In The Hospitality And Tourism Sector, Sherry L. Gaynor
Sound Practices In Human Resources: A Critical Analysis Of How Ai Applicant Screening Tools Are Used With Deaf Individuals In The Hospitality And Tourism Sector, Sherry L. Gaynor
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This study explores the intersection of Career and Workforce Education, Deaf Education, and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies used in hiring practices. The purpose of this research is to identify potential barriers to equitable employment for Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing (DHH) individuals and to propose effective methods for evaluating and assessing AI and machine learning applications utilized in recruitment and selection processes. Although AI is increasingly embedded in human resource management (HRM), there remains a significant lack of research addressing its use with special populations. In particular, no prior studies have examined how voice recognition software, facial analysis, psychometric testing, and virtual …
Infographic: Pisa Insights – Encouraging Mathematical Thinking, Dominique Russell
Infographic: Pisa Insights – Encouraging Mathematical Thinking, Dominique Russell
Teacher infographics
Each cycle of the global Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) includes a teacher questionnaire. One questionnaire topic – encouraging mathematical thinking – can help foster critical thinking, enhance problem-solving skills and allow students to see the relevance and connectedness of mathematics in their lives.
Parameterizing Ion–Lipid Interactions From Local Clusters To Reproduce Experimental Bulk Properties Of Lipid Bilayers, W. Matthew Saunders
Parameterizing Ion–Lipid Interactions From Local Clusters To Reproduce Experimental Bulk Properties Of Lipid Bilayers, W. Matthew Saunders
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Phospholipids are the main component of cell membranes, providing a delimiting boundary for cells from their environments or from their organelles from the cytosol. Thiscompartmentalization allows cells to maintain quite different solutions within their cells and organelles, including different mixtures dissolved ions. Consequently, these membranes are constantly flanked by complex mixtures of salts at varied concentrations. To study membrane structure, one cannot neglect the contribution of the salts in the local solution. Ions perturb bilayer structure via specific interaction with the phospholipids, primarily with the headgroups. Experimental studies of these systems are somewhat at odds — scattering experiments with different …
Thermal Properties Of Novel Materials, Wilarachchige D.C. Bhagya Gunatilleke
Thermal Properties Of Novel Materials, Wilarachchige D.C. Bhagya Gunatilleke
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Thermal properties play an important role in various aspects of applications of technology startingfrom the materials property determinations to device performance improvements and their safety and stability. Measurements of the thermal properties of such materials of interest pose challenges due to the demands of these measurements for determination of intrinsic materials properties. The research included in this dissertation involved both synthesis of novel materials and their measurement of thermal properties. Solid-state materials synthesis involves various synthesis and processing techniques, while specific technological applications demand synthesis of defect-free single crystals. Such synthesis techniques were explored for the research included in this …
Geographic Patterns Of Educational Achievement: A Methodological Case Study Of Regression Modeling Approaches, Leokadia Lipien
Geographic Patterns Of Educational Achievement: A Methodological Case Study Of Regression Modeling Approaches, Leokadia Lipien
USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations
This methodological case study introduces a novel approach to investigate the impact of student, teacher, and geographic factors on the academic achievement of virtual school students in Florida. Traditional linear regression models, and even multilevel models, often overlook spatial dependencies, which can lead to biased estimates and incomplete inferences. This research addresses this limitation by comparing a cross-classified multilevel model (CCMM) with a novel cross-classified spatial model (CCSM) that incorporates coefficients from geographically weighted regression (GWR). Utilizing secondary data from a statewide virtual school, including student demographics, teacher characteristics, and standardized test scores, along with U.S. Census Bureau data, the …
Student Perspectives On Ai-Enabled Tools For Adaptive Learning, John Faraca
Student Perspectives On Ai-Enabled Tools For Adaptive Learning, John Faraca
Publications
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly influencing the delivery of higher education, especially in aviation technical disciplines. From AI-assisted gimbals and video production tools to generative AI platforms, these technologies are helping learners to engage with course material, accomplish objectives, and connect academic concepts with professional applications. By offering pathways for personalization, streamlining resource access, and supporting interactive instruction, AI tools expand opportunities for effective learning. This work builds on a current collaborative research project with a faculty researcher to explore the student perspective in the active review and application of these tools to highlight their potential to improve usability, address …
Systematic Review Of Elementary Cybersecurity Education: Curriculum, Pedagogy, And Barriers, Na Liu, Siyu Long, Florence Martin
Systematic Review Of Elementary Cybersecurity Education: Curriculum, Pedagogy, And Barriers, Na Liu, Siyu Long, Florence Martin
Journal of Cybersecurity Education, Research and Practice
Abstract -As children increasingly engage with digital platforms, the need for effective cybersecurity education has become urgent. This systematic review synthesizes 81 studies published between 2017 and 2024 to examine global curricula research focus and topics, pedagogical approaches and assessment methods, and key challenges in elementary cybersecurity education. The findings reveal six major thematic categories: student awareness, parental mediation, teacher engagement, curriculum design, community and policy support, and pedagogical innovation. Among instructional strategies, game-based learning and narrative storytelling emerge as the most frequently explored. Despite this growth, major gaps remain in curriculum consistency, teacher preparation, assessment rigor, and stakeholder coordination. …
Effects Of Code Scaffolding In Increasing Student Confidence In Programming Cryptography, John Denny
Effects Of Code Scaffolding In Increasing Student Confidence In Programming Cryptography, John Denny
LSU Master's Theses
Cryptography is essential for secure communications, and new threats require more students willing to program and interact with cryptographic systems. Previous research is focused on tools for teaching these systems at a high level, teaching through attacks against these systems, and proper use of these systems in software development. In this paper, we seek to design a workshop to use scaffolded Python code to teach how these cryp- tographic systems are designed. We explore the use of code scaffolding for students to program an example implementation of the McEliece crypto- graphic system to build confidence in working with these systems. …
Expanding Ode Examples: Introducing Gene Regulation Dynamics Through Hill Functions, Maila Hallare, Jane M. Santamore
Expanding Ode Examples: Introducing Gene Regulation Dynamics Through Hill Functions, Maila Hallare, Jane M. Santamore
CODEE Journal
Gene regulation is a fundamental biological process that controls gene expression. It can explain phenomena such as cell differentiation, circadian rhythms, disease progression, and metabolic control, among many others. Despite their importance in mathematical biology, gene regulation models are rarely featured in traditional ODE textbooks, which focus mainly on examples from engineering, physics, chemistry, and population biology. This article introduces gene regulation dynamics as a valuable addition to ODE curricula, presenting the models from a mathematical perspective and building on properties of the Hill function. These models deepen the understanding of biology-inspired ODE applications, provide accessible research opportunities for students, …
Perspectives On Firearm Storage Conversations: Summary Of Health Care Provider Interviews And Parent Focus Group, Rachel M. Gallo Mph
Perspectives On Firearm Storage Conversations: Summary Of Health Care Provider Interviews And Parent Focus Group, Rachel M. Gallo Mph
Publications
This report summarizes perspectives from Maine parents who own firearms and health care providers on safe firearm storage and related conversations in health care settings. Through interviews and a parent focus group, the project explored how firearms are stored, what influences storage decisions, and how families and providers feel about discussing firearm safety. Parents emphasized the importance of responsible ownership, education, and individualized storage solutions, while identifying cost as a key barrier to safer storage options. Many health care providers expressed interest in addressing firearm safety but cited limited time, lack of training, and concerns about patient trust as challenges. …
Building Confidence For Class Participation, Tamas Makany, Ivy Seow
Building Confidence For Class Participation, Tamas Makany, Ivy Seow
Research Collection Lee Kong Chian School Of Business
What happens to students’ critical thinking when half the class filters their thoughts through AI? During a recent debate on AI policy in education, one student mentioned they routinely run their ideas through ChatGPT before speaking up. When I asked who else did the same, more than half the class raised their hands.
Towards Goal-Oriented Intelligent Tutoring Systems In Online Education, Yang Deng, Zifeng Ren, An Zhang, Tat-Seng Chua
Towards Goal-Oriented Intelligent Tutoring Systems In Online Education, Yang Deng, Zifeng Ren, An Zhang, Tat-Seng Chua
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Interactive Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) enhance the learning experience in online education byfostering effective learning through interactive problem-solving. However, many current ITS models do notfully incorporate proactive engagement strategies that optimize educational resources through thoughtfulplanning and assessment. In this work, we propose a novel and practical task of Goal-oriented IntelligentTutoring Systems (GITS), designed to help students achieve proficiency in specific concepts through a tailoredsequence of exercises and evaluations. We introduce a novel graph-based reinforcement learning framework,named Planning-Assessment-Interaction (PAI), to tackle the challenges of goal-oriented policy learningwithin GITS. This framework utilizes cognitive structure information to refine state representation andguide the selection …
From Prohibition To Preparation: Reframing Academic Integrity In The Age Of Ai, James Hutson
From Prohibition To Preparation: Reframing Academic Integrity In The Age Of Ai, James Hutson
Faculty Scholarship
This study analyzes how U.S. universities reconfigure academic integrity during the 2024–2025 cycle in response to widespread generative AI adoption. The analysis foregrounds three loci: student ignorance and metacognitive blind spots; the expanded remit of Academic Integrity Officers prioritizing education over punishment; and deliberate AI-enabled misconduct that exposes the evidentiary limits of detection technologies. A mixed-methods design integrates a multi-site review at Arizona State University, Montclair State University, and Cornell University with synthesis of surveys, policies, and faculty development guidance. Findings show that detector outputs function as conversational prompts rather than adjudicative proof, necessitating dialogic resolution standards, process evidence, and …
Designing For Novice Debuggers: A Pilot Study On An Ai-Assisted Debugging Tool, Oka Kurniawan, Erick Chandra, Christopher M. Poskitt, Yannic Noller, Kenny T.W. Choo, Cyrille Jegourel
Designing For Novice Debuggers: A Pilot Study On An Ai-Assisted Debugging Tool, Oka Kurniawan, Erick Chandra, Christopher M. Poskitt, Yannic Noller, Kenny T.W. Choo, Cyrille Jegourel
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Debugging is a fundamental skill that novice programmers must develop. Numerous tools have been created to assist novice programmers in this process. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have been integrated with automated program repair techniques to generate fixes for students' buggy code. However, many of these tools foster an over-reliance on AI and do not actively engage students in the debugging process. In this work, we aim to design an intuitive debugging assistant, CodeHinter, that combines traditional debugging tools with LLM-based techniques to help novice debuggers fix semantic errors while promoting active engagement in the debugging process. We present findings …
Simulated Interactive Debugging, Yannic Noller, Erick Chandra, Srinidhi Chandrashekar, Kenny Choo, Cyrille Jegourel, Oka Kurniawan, Christopher M. Poskitt
Simulated Interactive Debugging, Yannic Noller, Erick Chandra, Srinidhi Chandrashekar, Kenny Choo, Cyrille Jegourel, Oka Kurniawan, Christopher M. Poskitt
Research Collection School Of Computing and Information Systems
Debugging software, i.e., the localization of faults and their repair, is a key activity in software engineering. Therefore, effective and efficient debugging is one of the core skills a software engineer must develop. However, the teaching of debugging techniques is usually very limited or only taught in indirect ways, e.g., during software projects. As a result, most Computer Science (CS) students learn debugging only in an ad-hoc and unstructured way. In this work, we present our approach called Simulated Interactive Debugging that interactively guides students along the debugging process. The guidance aims to empower the students to repair their solutions …
The Ai-Powered Learning Loop In Higher Education, Oualid Abidi, Vladimir Dzenopoljac, Aleksandra Dzenopoljac
The Ai-Powered Learning Loop In Higher Education, Oualid Abidi, Vladimir Dzenopoljac, Aleksandra Dzenopoljac
All Works
Purpose – This study examines how generative AI tools affect business students’ academic performance by investigating whether flexible AI policies promote deeper learning, enhance self-efficacy and facilitate tacit knowledge acquisition in a Middle Eastern context, while ensuring efficiency and academic integrity. Design/methodology/approach – A qualitative, exploratory study observed 20 final-year business students in Kuwait during five in-class activities using generative AI tools. Semi-structured interviews complemented the researcher’s observations. Thematic analysis revealed patterns in benefits, challenges and learning processes, leading to the development of the AI-powered learning loop framework to explain academic performance outcomes. Findings – The study indicates that generative …
Persepsi Mahasiswa Ilmu Perpustakaan Terhadap Penggunaan Perangkat Ai Llm Dalam Pencarian Informasi, Danisya Laila Zahra, Muhamad Prabu Wibowo
Persepsi Mahasiswa Ilmu Perpustakaan Terhadap Penggunaan Perangkat Ai Llm Dalam Pencarian Informasi, Danisya Laila Zahra, Muhamad Prabu Wibowo
Jurnal Ilmu Informasi, Perpustakaan, dan Kearsipan
The increasing use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) among university students is driving changes in the way they seek and manage information, including in academic contexts. ChatGPT and DeepSeek AI are two AI platforms based on Large Language Models (LLMs) that are increasingly utilized as tools to support information seeking processes. This study aims to analyze the preferences of students from the Library and Information Science Program, Faculty of Humanities, Universitas Indonesia (FIB UI), in using these two platforms. The research employs a case study method with a qualitative approach, involving in-depth interviews with ten students. This study explores their …
Italian Mathematics Prison Teachers’ Perspective On The Teaching/Learning Of Mathematics In Prison School, Andrea Maffia, Luca Decembrotto, Chiara Giberti, Federica Mennuni, Gabriella Pocalana, Silvia Regola, Agnese Telloni
Italian Mathematics Prison Teachers’ Perspective On The Teaching/Learning Of Mathematics In Prison School, Andrea Maffia, Luca Decembrotto, Chiara Giberti, Federica Mennuni, Gabriella Pocalana, Silvia Regola, Agnese Telloni
Journal of Prison Education Research
Teaching in the prison context is characterized by a high complexity level; it is a multifaced activity influenced by several factors depending on the specific context. We present a preliminary but overall picture of schooling in Italian prisons by considering teachers’ reflections regarding their experiences in teaching mathematics in correctional facilities. To address the gap in the current literature on this issue, we conducted a SWOT analysis on the reflection provided by a group of nine Italian mathematics teachers who teach in different prisons and with different experiences and backgrounds. Their reflection allowed us to identify and describe six theory-driven …
10.27.2025 Ored Connect, Liz Williamson
10.27.2025 Ored Connect, Liz Williamson
ORED Newsletter
ORED Field Fest
OTC Director Candidates
14th International Conference On Business, Technology And Innovation 2025, University For Business And Technology - Ubt
14th International Conference On Business, Technology And Innovation 2025, University For Business And Technology - Ubt
UBT International Conference
Welcome to IC – UBT 2025
UBT Annual International Conference is the 14th international interdisciplinary peer reviewed conference which publishes works of the scientists as well as practitioners in the area where UBT is active in Education, Research and Development. The UBT aims to implement an integrated strategy to establish itself as an internationally competitive, research-intensive university, committed to the transfer of knowledge and the provision of a world-class education to the most talented students from all background. The main perspective of the conference is to connect the scientists and practitioners from different disciplines in the same place and make …
2025 Celebration Of Scholarship, Creativity, And Engagement, Todd Bruns, Jaime Pedigo, Jennifer Smith, Patty Watson, Heather Wohltman, Amanda Wolf
2025 Celebration Of Scholarship, Creativity, And Engagement, Todd Bruns, Jaime Pedigo, Jennifer Smith, Patty Watson, Heather Wohltman, Amanda Wolf
Programs
Each year, Eastern Illinois University proudly recognizes the outstanding achievements of our faculty in research, creativity, and engagement. This collection of accomplishments reflects the dedication of an engaged faculty committed to excellence and the continual pursuit of knowledge. Many of these successes were made possible through meaningful collaboration with our students, who contribute as co-authors, research assistants, and partners in bringing ideas to life. Some of these professional milestones represent years of effort, demonstrating remarkable persistence and determination. We offer our heartfelt congratulations on this wide range of achievements, which bring distinction to our departments, colleges, and the University as …
10.20.2025 Ored Connect, Liz Williamson
10.20.2025 Ored Connect, Liz Williamson
ORED Newsletter
- OTC Director Candidate Forum
- ORED Small Grants Program RFP
Teaching Cybersecurity And Ai Across Borders: From Foundations To Ethics, George Antoniou
Teaching Cybersecurity And Ai Across Borders: From Foundations To Ethics, George Antoniou
Faculty and Staff Publications & Presentations
This presentation examines how interdisciplinary course design in AI and cybersecurity can expand undergraduate research while directly supporting career readiness. At Lynn University, the Foundations of Cybersecurity & AI course was updated to serve as the entry point for both Cybersecurity and Data Analytics majors. The course integrates case studies, digital forensics and cloud security labs, and applied exercises with AI-enabled defense-in-depth strategies. Students build core technical competencies while engaging in course-based research that mirrors industry practice. As part of a Fulbright grant, a complementary course, AI & Ethics, was developed for the University of Tirana. Proposed as a mandatory …
Teaching With Ai: Conversations That Build Resilient Classrooms, Erika Grodzki, Stefanie Powers, Gary Carlin
Teaching With Ai: Conversations That Build Resilient Classrooms, Erika Grodzki, Stefanie Powers, Gary Carlin
Faculty and Staff Publications & Presentations
No abstract provided.
Securing The Digital Harvest: Cybersecurity As A Core Agribusiness Skill, Jody Herchenbach, George Grispos
Securing The Digital Harvest: Cybersecurity As A Core Agribusiness Skill, Jody Herchenbach, George Grispos
Mountain Plains Business Conference
The digitization of agriculture, through IoT-enabled equipment, cloud platforms, and precision technologies, has improved efficiency and profitability while also introducing significant cybersecurity risks. These vulnerabilities can disrupt supply chains, compromise sensitive data, and undermine financial stability. Yet agribusiness degree programs often overlook cybersecurity education. This paper proposes integrating cybersecurity content on threat awareness, incident response, and data protection into agribusiness curricula. Embedding these elements equips graduates to manage both digital and financial risks, enhancing resilience and competitiveness. Such curricular innovation aligns technical and managerial training, preparing future agribusiness professionals to lead securely and sustainably in an increasingly connected industry.
Teaching Statistical Literacy Through An Excel Class Project, Patricia Berchiolli, Omar Babun Codorniu
Teaching Statistical Literacy Through An Excel Class Project, Patricia Berchiolli, Omar Babun Codorniu
Faculty and Staff Publications & Presentations
Lynn University’s core curriculum, The Dialogues, enables students to develop critical thinking, communication, and innovation skills. As part of this curriculum, Introductory Statistics introduces students to key statistical concepts while showing how they can be applied in real-world situations using Excel. The highlight of the course is the Statistics Excel Project, where students create their own dataset with a mix of quantitative and qualitative variables. To keep the focus on learning statistical techniques rather than data collection, students use Excel’s random number generator for quantitative data, which also avoids the need for IRB approval. From there, they calculate statistical measures, …
Tableau Part Ii - October 2025, Rubab Shahzad
Tableau Part Ii - October 2025, Rubab Shahzad
Day Family Research Lab Workshop Series
Part Two of Introduction to Tableau. Learn to make cool visualizations using Tableau. A hands-on opportunity where we will go over calculated fields, hierarchies, unions, dashboards, and stories.
Prior experience with Tableau is recommended
10.13.2025 Ored Connect, Liz Williamson
10.13.2025 Ored Connect, Liz Williamson
ORED Newsletter
- ORED Small Grants Program RFP
- Mississippi Impact Grants RFP
- Contest to Promote Lab Practices
- Field Fest
- AAAS Membership for Faculty, Staff, and Students