Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

Findings On Interactions Between Herbicide Application And The Intensification Factors Nitrogen Fertilization And Supple­Mental Sprinkling In Field Grass Stands, Klaus Sieberhein, Horst Stacke

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The experimental results so far obtained show that there may be interactions between her­bicide application and the intensification fac­tors nitrogen fertilization and supplemental sprinkling. Forthcoming investigations will help deepening the knowledge in this complex sphere. The research results may contribute to establishing optimum conditions regarding the use of the different factors of intensifi­cation, including herbicides, as a major pre­requisite for obtaining maximum and secure yields from field grass.

On The Occurrence In Grassland Of Heterodera Longicaudata Seidel, 1972 And H. Punctata Thorne, 1928, Mechthild Seidel

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Studies into the occurrence of H. longicaudata have shown the widespread presence of this species, in addition to H. punctata, in all Districts of the County of Rostock. About 66 % of all grassland sites investigated were found to be infested. The degree of infestation increased along with the cultivation of ex­cellent host plants as well as along with rising pH values. Both species were recordable also from arable land with high cropping concen­trations of forage grasses and cereals. In the latter case, however, only 16 % of all fields investigated were infested, most of them to minor degrees.

Mechanical And Chemical Weed Control In Perennial Forage Plant Stands, Yuri Kanygin, Tamara Fedonina

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

An outline is given of the results of weed control in red clover, alfalfa, goat's rue, and timothy. In red clover stands for seed pro­duction, Basagran and Basagran M (1.5 to 3.01/ha) reached high selectivity and efficiency when combined with mechanical cultivation, weed infestation in the stands being reduced by 78-89 % and the share of weed seeds in clover seeds going down to 8.3 %- The advantages of Basagran (1.5 1/ha) over 2,4-DB (2.0 I/ha) were evident in alfalfa. Treat­ment with Basagran (3.0 1/ha) and 2,4-DB (2.0 1/ha) of goat's rue in the first year of growth helped to …

Irrigation With Sewage -An Effective Procedure For In­Creasing The Yield Performance Of Grassland As Well As For Protecting Inland Waters Against Pollution, V M. Novikov, N A. Kovaleva, V P. Sayapin, L F. Mikheeva, M I. Demina

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The utilization of sewage for irrigation pur­poses is an effective procedure for increasing the yield performance of grassland as well as for protecting inland waters against pollution. Compared with irrigation only during the growing season, all-season use of sewage is more effective in increasing forage production and reducing both the quantity of sewage diverted into inland waters and the deficit of irrigation water. By way of science-based choice of the irri­gation regime, the perennial forage plant spe­cies, and their kind ofutilization, 8.0-10.0 tons and more of high-quality dry matter can be obtained per hectare, with 6,000-7,000 m3 of sewage being …

The Influence Of Different Irrigation Methods On Evapotranspiration, Pasture Yield, And Forage Quality, B I. Korotkov

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Various irrigation methods were compared on sown pastures to elucidate the potential ad­vantages of subsurface irrigation and inter­mittent moistening over sprinkling. Subsurface irrigation which, irrespective . of weather con­ditions, ensures an optimum water and air regime in the root zone is preferably applied to soils with low water permeability in the subsoil horizon. The highest economy ,in the use of irrigation water is obtained from intermittent moistening, giving optimum evapotranspiration of pastures and yields of something between 30 and 35 % in excess of the control. The highest dry matter yield increment was obtained when irrigation (above all intermittent moistening …

Sprinkling Of Pastures On Light Soils -Effectiveness Under Conditions Of Central Poland, Mikolai Nazaruk

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments carried out between 1966 and 1972 have shown that even on light soils the productivity of pastures can be considerably increased by combining intensive fertilization with sprinkling irrigation. This yield increment would allow an extra milk production of ap­proximately 2,000 kg per hectare, a fact stress­ing the economic efficiency of sprinkling irri­gation. Sprinkling results in a more steady yield increment in the course of the growing season as well as in a higher feeding value of the green matter.

Pasture Irrigation With Industrial And Communal Sewage From The Town Of Kiev, I Palamarchuk, A Bogovin, V Maksimenko, Yu Beskrovny, N Zgurskaya

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Irrigation of pastures in the northern forest steppe of Ukraine is possible with soil moisture reduction from 80 % to 65 % of minimum water capacity in the upper soil layer (0-60 cm), provided it is combined with fertilization. Dry matter yields between 7.2 and 7.9 t/ha were obtainable from legume + grasses mixtures in response to irrigation plus fertilization (60 kg P + 90 kg K/ha). Per-hectare dry matter yields were increased to 10.0 tons and even more by adding to the PK ration 150 kg N/ha. Fertilization with 300 kg N + 120 kg P + 180 kg …

Modelling The Irrigation Regimes Of Lucern, Jiri Ulehla

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Actual irrigation regimes of lucern, resulting from soil moisture measurements, were com­pared with irrigation regimes calculated from weather data using a computer. The results for ten years and four variants were evaluated in this way. A reasonable correlation was found between the actual and model regimes when using appropriate parameters. Based on these and previous results, a program was prepared which is used since 1974 in preparing weekly data sheets on irrigation requirements of lucern and other crops in l 8 places typical of the irrigation districts of southern Moravia.

Application Of Sewage Waters From Coal-Refining Industry To Grassland And Forage Areas On Reclaimed Brown-Coal Dump Sites, W Hubner, P Muller

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Forage production, particularly with grasses, is suitable for agricultural utilization of dump sites of brown-coal open-cast mines. The high demand for supplemental water offers the possibility to use sewage from the coal-refining industry; this sewage gives higher crop yields and undergoes biological clarification in the soil. The supplemental water, however, must be applied in small split doses and at short intervals. The Soviet circular sprinkling ma­chine "Fregat" is qualified for this within the frame of industrialized large-scale crop pro­duction.

Effect Of Fertilization And Irrigation At Different Frequen­Cies On The Growth, Yield, And Quality Of The Natural Flood­Plain Sward Of The Zambezi Area, Zambia, Jaroslav Kulich

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

One of the major problems of livestock pro­duction in the Western Province of Zambia is to provide feed during the later part of the rainy season and major early part of the cool season, when the grazing area (Zambezi plain) is flooded. The bulk of this present research has been concerned with the management and improvement of the natural vegetation with emphasis on the use of irrigation, fertilizer, and herbage conservation. Herbage yields and crude protein content varied with the rate of nitrogen fertilization and irrigation level. In our trials, for every 100 mm of irrigation, grass production increased by …

Possibilities Of Increasing The Productivity Of Grasses By Way Of Irrigation, Michal Santa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Our experimental results, which have been confirmed in practice, indicate the positive response of irrigated grasses to high nitrogen applications (600 kg a.i/ha). Czechoslovak varieties of perennial ryegrass are capable of producing hay yields of 25 t/ha and crude pro­tein yields of about 4.0 t/ha. Under intensive irrigation (60 % of utilizable field capacity) with a Ladino clover proportion of 15-20% and nitrogen rates of 100-200 kg/ha, hay yields of some 20 t/ha and crude protein yields of more than 3.0 t/ha are obtainable. Irrigated forage plant mixtures allow to reduce the area under forage crops by 0.25 ha per …

Irrigated Sown Grassland Stands, S Culica

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In 7 experiment years a mixture of 40 % Dac­tylis glomerata, 40 % Lolium perenne, and 20 % Medicago sativa·produced an average annual yield of 64.6 t green matter per ha (12.2 t OM/ha). The sown mixture was fertilized with 90 kg N/ha for every growth and 40 kg P/ha and 50 kg K/ha in the autumn. Because the grasses were predominant, it was possible to use this mixture for cutting or grazing for five months every year. Nitrogen fertilization had a direct effect on forage quality, as it raised the crude protein content of the plants.

Yield And Forage Quality Of Different Sown Swards On Ameliorated Sandy Peat Soil Under The Influence Of Subsoil Irrigation With Saline Water, Renate Bockholt

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Average forage yields of 10.6 to 15.3 tons of dry matter per hectare have been obtained with 100 to 500 kg N/ha under the conditions of subsoil irrigation with water of 0.3 % salt content and an overall soil salinity of 0.15 to 0.27 %. Highest yields for grazing have been obtained from mixtures with Lolium perenne, and top yields for mowing were produced by sown swards containing Lolium multiflorum. With the exception of some species with in­creased Na and Cl contents (positive reaction) there were no major changes in forage quality.

Recommended Values For Dimensioning And Designing Sprinkler Irrigation In Industrialized Forage Plant Produc­Tion In The Gdr, Klaus Schwarz, Dieter Roth

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

With the transition to industrialized crop and animal production in the GDR, sprinkler irrigation of field forage plants and grassland, above all with sewage water and clean water +slurry mixtures, is becoming more and more important. It gets increasingly concentrated on field grass and grass/clover stands. The supple­mental water requirement is 210 to 270 mm/ year in case of clean-water sprinkling and up to 400 mm/year if sewage water is used. The hydro-modulus of the irrigation plants is be­tween 1.2 and 1.6 m3 /h/ha, depending on the simultaneity factor. In order to attain the required water quantity per unit of …

Meadow Crop Yields As Influenced By Distance From Sewage Feeder, Mieczyslaw Nowak, Maria Kukula

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Experiments using the sewage of the river Ner for irrigation have shown that grassland situated close by. a feeder line (5 m) gave 48.1 % higher yields thaa grassland that is far from the sewage feeder (35 m). The response to fertilization (mainly with nitrogen) was, however, better on grassland situated far from the sewage feeder. Fertilization thus reduced the difference in yield between the two locations, close by and far from the feeder line.

The Yielding Capacity Of Meadows On Waterlogged Soils After Reclamation, S Grzyb

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The experiments reported in this paper were applied to 30 ha of lowland grassland bordering on a lateral retaining wall of a reservoir in the floodplain of river Bug. The site had been reclaimed by mounting an artificial sand layer (thickness between 20 cm and 100 cm). Grass­land yields on the reclaimed site rose eightfold. Sufficient moisture and normal fertilization contributed to an annual average yield of 8.25 tons of high-quality hay per hectare, following three two-year experiments on loose sand (without B-horizon).

The Productivity Of A Sown Grassland On Drained Low-Bog Soil As Influenced By Soil Moisture Regime And Fertilization, J Lukoshyavichyus, R Vaichyulite, A Vlasov, A Panamarevene

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

In the Yoke Branch of the Lithuanian Research Institute of Agriculture, within the frame of the programme for working out the fundamen­tals of a sound and reliable basis of raw ma­terials for producing feed pellets and wafers along industrial lines, experiments have been performed since 1972 for determining an effi­cient combination. of fertilization and soil moisture regime of sown grassland on drained low-bog soil. Field and laboratory experiments have shown that in the course of the growing season the optimum moisture regime in the root layer of the drained low-bog soil under investigation sho1,1ld range between the upper limit (which …

Floristic Changes In The Meadow Sward As A Result Of Different Moisture Content And Fertilization, Jozef Pronczuk, Henryk Pawlat

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The linked effect of moisture and fertilization on the floristic composition of a meadow was investigated. In the work, results of the eight­year experiments in the Vistula valley near Warsaw with increasing NPK rates on a dif­ferently moistened meadow, situated on heavy alluvial soil, are presented. The high fertili­zation level reduced the number of species in the sward from 38 to 12 on arid sites, from 49 to 18 on optimally moistened sites, and from 38 to 16 on moist sites. Drought caused a re­cession of species, while the high moisture content showed an inverse effect. Owing to that, on …

Combining Effect Of Ground-Water Level And Nitrogen Fertilization On Grass Yields On Low-Bog Sites, Walter V.D Waydbrink

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Long-term trials conducted on 70 systemati􀀉 cally selected low-bog sites of the GDR have given the following results: With increasing thickness of the peat layer and declining ground-water levels the N miner­alization rate in the low-bog soils rises up to 300 kg N/ha thus allowing a corresponding reduction of N fertilization. On half-bog and sandy gley soils yield increments of 2.4 and 4. 7 t DM/ha were reached by raising the ground­water level and by applying N fertilizers. When these factors coincided, a yield increment of 10.4 t DM/ha was obtained on account of the combining effect. The grass stands …

Use Of Organic Fertilizers And A Comparison Of Their Effect In Meadow Grass Stands, A Klesnil, F Turek

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of slurry on the quantitative and qualitative changes of a natural grass stand was studied in the foothill region of southern Bohemia at the altitude of 580 m a.s.l. The results of the study do not prove the view con­cerning the occurrence of weeds at slurry rates providing up to 83 kg K/ha, as it has been held in the meadow-management theory. The best results were obtained from two slurry applications per year (in spring and after the first cut) with an NP supplement in the form of mineral fertilizers. This approach provided a yield of 7.778 tons …

Effects Of Slurry On Field Grass, Hans Gorlitz, Heinrich Koriath, Heinz Lange, Fritz Asmus

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Field grass offers favourable conditions for the continuous application of slurry. Its effect is mainly based on its content of soluble N. In summer, sprinkling is preferred to spreading with bulk lorries. Slurry doses of up to 200 kg N/ha do not reveal any significant after­effects as regards the regrowths. A combi­nation of field grass and a large amount of slurry results in an accumulation of C and N in the soil, which has a significant after-effect after fallowing.

Boron Fertilization In Different Types Of Mountain Meadows, E S. Kazaryan, M M. Melikyan, R G. Della-Rossa

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

(1) Boron fertilizers improved the yielding capacity of natural grassland at all altitudes of the mountain area under review. Ef­fectiveness was found to depend on the type of the given plant stand as well as on the quantities, deadlines and methods of fertilizer application.

(2) Boron microfertilization improved the bo­tanical and chemical composition of hay and pasture forage in the plant stands of all types of mountain meadows.

(3) The studies also revealed high economic efficiency of boron microfertilizers,. partic­ularly of boronic mineral water, in the context of natural meadows and pastures, and of comprehensive aerial topdressing with these fertilizers.

Effect Of Zinc, Copper, Molybdenum And Cobalt On Develop­ Ment, Yield And Hay Quality Of Lucerne, B Miskovic, P Eric, M Pantovic

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The effect of zinc, copper, molybdenum and cobalt exerted on the development, yield and quality of various cultivated plants is favourable in many ways. Our studies of their application in the nutrition of luceme in a pot experiment and field trials on chernozem soil were carried out to determine the effect of the above micro­elements on the yield, development and quality of lucerne hay, when applied togeµier with NPK fertilizers. The results of our experiments have shown that the application of these microelements, especially of zinc and copper, together with NPK fertilizers resulted in considerable increase of lucerne hay yields …

Effect Of Nitrogen Fertilization Of Pastures On The Cu, Fe And Zn Content In Fodder And Blood Of Dairy Cows, Kazimerz Rybak

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Results of one of the grazing experiments carried out in the period 1971-1975 are dis­cussed. In the experiment two rates of N fer­tilization were applied: 60 and 120 kg per hectare under each regrowth, i.e. 360-420 and 720-840 kg N/ha per year, respectively. Rates of phosphorus and potassium fertili­zation remained unchanged: 120 kg P2O5 and 160 kg K2O per hectare. High N rates led to an increase of the Cu and Zn contents and an Fe content decrease in plants, and stimulated the Cu and Fe absorption but reduced the Zn absorption by high-yielding cows. A drop of the Cu …

Effect Of Microelements Application On The Production Of Sown Grasslands On Eroded Soil In The Mountains, Milan Mijatovic, Milutin Pantovic, Milenko Glintic, Jasna Pavesic-Popovic, Miodrag Jakovjevic

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Contrary to numerous information in the lit­erature regarding permanent grassland, the experimental data show a smaller effect of the application of microelements on the yields of sown grassland. The highest effect has Cu, whereas the yield has been diminished by application of B and Zn. The application of microelements changed the botanical compo­sition of the grassland. The majority of micro­elements effected favourably the increase of the N content as well as the content of crude protein in the forage, above all Mo, Mn, Cu, and Zn. In all variants the content of P2O5 and K2 0 in the forage was …

The Determination Of The Optimal Content Of Mobile Phosphorus And Potassium In Soils For Grassland Swards, Vadim Melnichuk, Lyudmila Fedorova, Nikolai Panferov, Valentina Pachkovskaya

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Results are reported of field experiments aimed at determining the optimal content of available P and K in soils under grassland with the view of dimensioning fertilizer applications more precisely. The P2O5 and K2O levels in the soil are understood to be optimal if the P and K fertilizers applied (with NK and NP basal fer­tilization, respectively) help to produce maxi­mum forage yields with significant yield in­crement, and adequate P and K levels in the plants to guarantee normal plant growth. The experiments were arranged according to the split-plot design. The effectiveness of different levels of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers …

The Effect Of Splitting Phosphorus And Potassium Applica­Tion With Regard To Mineral Contents And Grass Yield Of Digitaria Decumbens Stent. (Pangola) With Irrigation, Abel Avila Lopez, Gonzalo Ocampo

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

During three years a research was made on the influence of splitting PK (1, 2, 4, and 6 appli­cations) on pangola grass on a tropical brown soil, with the use of a Latin square design. The doses used were 75 kg N/ha/cut; 200 kg P205 / ha/year, and 250 kg K2O/ha/year. The treat­ments presented no difference with respect to· the production of dry matter, both by year and in the final complex. During the dry season more dry matter was produced with the non-split form of PK. The mineral composition of the grass as well as its per cent content …

Effect Of Increasing Levels Of Phosphorus And Three Types Of Soil On Glycine Wightii In Cuba, T Ruiz, J R. Ayala

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

A factorial design with 4 replications was used to study the effect of increasing levels of phosphorus (0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg P/ha) in three tropical soils (red, brown, and gley) on Glycine wightii in a glasshouse exper­iment. The highest DM yields were achieved with the brown soil. Levels of 30 kg P/ha always increased yields in all the soils used (P < 0.01) but no differences were found with higher P applications. In general, P in plant tops was not related with the levels of P applied. K tended to decrease as the levels of phosphorus increased. None of the treatments used in­fluenced Ca and Mg. A similar work is suggested to be carried out in the field.

Effect Of Phosphorus And Potassium Topdressing On Dry Matter Yield And N, P, K, Ca And Mg Contents Of Alfalfa­ Orchardgrass And Ladino Clover-Orchardgrass Mixtures (1970-1974, Or The 11th-15th Years Of Stand), Mack Drake, W G. Colby, Hisatomo Oohara, Norihito Yoshida, Yoichi Oohara, Kazuo Fukunaga

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

The present study shows that when an adequate amount of P and K topdressing is applied, the persistence of forage stand can be maintained, considerably high levels of dry matter yield can be secured, and the contents of N, P, K and other nutrients can be kept at normal levels for the forage mixture grown under the natural environment (climate and soil condi­tions) as with this experiment.

Determination Of The Potassium Fertilizer Requirements Of Meadow Soils In The Gd R, Manfred Kerschberger, Dietmar Richter

IGC Proceedings (1977-2023)

Chemical Products Industry in Prahovo in cooperation with agricultural stations in eastern and south-eastern Serbia in the period 1968 to 1974 organized demonstration experiments in 33 locations with the fertilization of natural grassland. The experiments had three variants: I = non­fertilized; II = fertilized with 300 kg/ha of NPK fertilizer 14 : 14 : 14 ; and III = fertilized with 600 kg/ha of the before-mentioned fer­tilizer. The following results were obtained: Fertilization with 300 kg/ha of NPK fer­tilizer 14: 14: 14 (active matter 42 kg N, 42 kg P, 42 kg K) increased the yields (compared to the non-fertilized …