Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons^™

The Role Of Large Tsunamis In The Formation Of The Flood Sediment Record, John Baumgardner, Evan Navarro

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

A major challenge for Flood geology is providing a credible explanation for how the staggering volume of fossil-bearing sediment was eroded, transported, and deposited in orderly patterns on the surface of the normally high-standing continents in only a few months’ time. This paper builds upon the numerical modeling work reported at the 2018 ICC utilizing a code named MABBUL which showed that repetitive giant tsunamis generated by catastrophic plate tectonics during the Genesis Flood can plausibly account for the Flood sediment record. That modeling demonstrated that, with reasonable parameter choices, tsunami-driven cavitation erosion during the Flood itself, mostly along the …

Shoreline Transgressive Terraces: Tufa-Encrusted Landforms Indicate Rapid Filling And Failure Of Hopi Lake, Western Bidahochi Basin, Northeastern Arizona, Steven A. Austin, Edmond W. Holroyd Iii, Thomas F. Folks, Nate Loper

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

Bidahochi Basin is an elongate, 300-kilometer-long structural depression in the Painted Desert region of northeastern Arizona. Today, that basin is occupied by the Little Colorado River directly east of Grand Canyon. For more than 150 years geologists have been pondering the notion that a lake once occupied a large part of Bidahochi Basin. In 1936 Howel Williams named it Hopi Lake. Are strandlines from a Pliocene lake imprinted on limestone slopes of Kaibab Formation in western Bidahochi Basin? Our inquiry led us to study Google imagery from Coconino County just east of Flagstaff, Arizona. There the Kaibab Formation is a …

Testing The Order Of The Fossil Record: Preliminary Observations On Stratigraphic-Clade Congruence And Its Implications For Models Of Evolution And Creation, Kathryn Mcguire, Sophie Southerden, Katherine Beebe, Neal Doran, Matthew Mclain, Todd Charles Wood, Paul A. Garner

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

As a key evidence for macroevolutionary change, the fossil record has been the focus of much study as creation scientists have attempted to interpret its patterns in light of the Flood. Despite this importance, only rarely has the order of the fossil record been scrutinized in any detail, by creationists or evolutionists. We therefore conducted the first large-scale study of the congruence of the fossil record with evolutionary predictions in thirty years.

Our method begins with published phylogenies for organisms found in the fossil record. The order of appearance for each taxon on the phylogeny is assigned a rank, then …

Receding Noahic Flood Waters Led To Seafloor Spreading: A Proposed Geological Model, Harry Dickens

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

Plate tectonics and seafloor spreading are among the most significant geological processes on Earth. However, their emergence and development currently remain unresolved, at least in the secular literature. Some possible mechanisms for the initiation of seafloor spreading are discussed.

The catastrophic plate tectonic (CPT) model for Noah’s Flood was a pioneering attempt to tie aspects of geology together in a conceptual or theoretical physical way. However, the CPT model has an incomplete coverage in clear time order of both Scripture and specific stratigraphy. Formations representing the Flood Year’s receding waters and drying phases seem to have not been considered in …

Radiohalos Through Earth History – What Clues Can They Provide Us?, Andrew A. Snelling

Proceedings of the International Conference on Creationism

Radiohalos are a physical record of radioactive decay that occurred in granites and metamorphic rocks through earth history. They are the result of damage to the host crystals by α-particles produced in the ²³⁸U decay chain (Snelling 2000). Normally ²³⁸U radiohalos are produced. However, there are also radiohalos produced by the three isotopes of Po (²¹⁸Po, ²¹⁴Po and ²¹⁰Po) that are generated towards the end of the ²³⁸U decay chain. Because their half-lives are so fleeting (3.1 mins, 164 µsec, and 138 days, respectively), the existence of these Po radiohalos has been “a …

Determination Of Alteration Zones Applying Fractal Modeling And Spectral Feature Fitting (Sff) Method In Saryazd Porphyry Copper System, Central Iran, Behzad Behbahani, Hamid Harati, Peyman Afzal, Mohammad Lotfi

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The target of this research is recognition of the alteration zones utilizing concentration-area fractal methodology according to the reflection of the main minerals of each alteration zone that enhanced by Spectral Feature Fitting (SFF) Method due to Advanced Space-borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) satellite images in Saryazd porphyry system, central Iran. The alterations and mineralization are developed in Eocene volcanics. Remote sensing results achieved by the SFF method and Concentration-Area (C-A) fractal modeling represent different parts of propylitic, argillic and phyllic alteration zones due to their intensity and pixel values. In addition, the results reveal that there is …

Estimating The Recurrence Of Earthquakes With Statistical Methods In The City Of Bingöl, Eastern Turkey: A District-Based Approach, Sadık Alashan, Kenan Akbayram, Ömer Faruk Nemutlu

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

This study discusses the temporal distribution of earthquake magnitudes in the city of Bingöl, near Karlıova Triple Junction. We determine the probability distributions and return periods of earthquakes for all districts of Bingöl. Bingöl has eight districts; namely Adaklı, Central, Genç, Karlıova, Kiğı, Solhan, Yayladere, and Yedisu. In six of them, active faults were mapped previously (Adaklı, Central, Genç, Karlıova, Solhan, and Yedisu). We consider 5 time-dependent probability distributions for analysis. Using the annual maximum earthquake magnitudes, the best fit arises from the Gumbel distribution for Central, Karlıova, and Adaklı Districts. For the Genç District, where the least maximum earthquake …

Noise Attenuation Of A 3d Marine Seismic Reflection Dataset - A Case Study In The Southwest Black Sea Region, Hamza Bi̇ri̇nci̇, Kürşat Ergün, Aslı Zeynep Yavuzoğlu, Korhan Köse, Güniz Büşra Yalçin, Mustafa Berkay Doğan, Fatma Betül Karci, Murat Evren, Ayşe Güngör, Bahri Serkan Aydemi̇r

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

Noises in marine seismic data are one of the biggest obstacles in seismic imaging. The most significant step in seismic data processing is the removal of seismic noise, which can be classified as instrument and background noise. Noise attenuation usually results in improved seismic interpretation by increasing the signal-to-noise ratio. In this study, we will focus on attenuating these seismic noises with several data processing techniques. A number of denoising examples describing swell, strumming/tugging, and cavitation, which are background-type noises, and streamer-mounted device noise (Nautilus), which is an instrument-type noise, were illustrated by analysing a marine 3D seismic dataset recorded …

Groundwater Potential Mapping Using The Integration Of Ahp Method, Gis And Remote Sensing: A Case Study Of The Tabelbala Region, Algeria, Ahmed Bennia, Ibrahim Zeroual, Abdelkrim Talhi, Lahcen Wahib Kebir

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

Recently, groundwater resources are assessed and evaluated using Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing technologies due to their effectiveness and wide spatial coverage. This work aims to identify groundwater potential areas in the Tabelbala region which lies in the Algerian desert in order to help for the solution of water resources shortages. GIS and remote sensing are employed in the preparation of the controlling factors such as lithology, lineaments, drainage network, slope, land use/land cover, topographic wetness index, and elevation. Statistical Analysis, as well as interpretation of remote sensing data, allow the extraction of important features about the study …

Caves In Clastic Rocks (Muğla, Sw Türkiye), Mutlu Zeybek, Murat Gül, Fikret Kaçaroğlu, Ergun Karacan, Ahmet Özbek

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

Caves evolution is controlled by lithological properties, discontinuities, water, climate, and physicomechanical properties of soluble rocks, vegetation and human impact. This study investigates the cave formation in Upper Miocene-Pliocene clastic rock in Menteşe town of Muğla. The lithology, physico-mechanical properties and hydrogeologic factors of host rocks and morphology of the caves in Asar Hill and Damlam Stream valley were examined. The caves are 1.47-9.71 m long, 2.24-19.36 m wide and 1.38-27 m high. Four joint sets and bedding planes affect the clastics in the Asar Hill area. Mudstones (low plasticity clay, sandy clay) are in soft-very soft rock, while conglomerate …

Tübi̇tak 1mv Accelerator Mass Spectrometer Designed For 14c, 10be, 26al, 41ca, 129i, Turhan Doğan, Erhan İlkmen, Furkan Kulak

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

A 1 MV Accelerator Mass Spectrometer (AMS) was installed at TÜBİTAK, MRC Türkiye in December 2015. The 1MV TÜBİTAK AMS system is based on a Pelletron tandem accelerator, operating up to 1.1MV. Built by National Electrostatics Corporation (NEC), its design was unique during production time. The TÜBİTAK 1MV AMS is based on the design of an XCAMS 0.5MV AMS also produced by NEC, but with a higher energy tandem accelerator. The higher energy accelerator features better precision (1% or less) for 10Be measurements. This new AMS also has larger magnets than the XCAMS. Larger magnets make it possible to measure …

Supplemental Skeleton Revision Of Pseudorbitoididae M.G. Rutten, 1935 From Mainly Tethyan And Partly American Provinces, Ercüment Si̇rel, Ali Deveci̇ler

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The nine genera here described from the Tethyan and four genera from the American and Caribbean provinces have previously been placed within different families of Foraminifera by various authors, namely, Arnaudiella DOUVILLÉ, Sirtina BRÖNNIMANN and WIRZ, Vanderbeekia BRÖNNIMANN and WIRZ, Helicorbitoides MacGILLAVRY, Dizerina MERİÇ, Sirelella ÖZGENERDEM and Cideina SİREL were shown in Lepidorbitoitidae VAUGHAN; Postorbitokathina SİREL and Orbitokathina HOTTINGER in Rotaliidae EHRENBERG; Helicolepidina TOBLER, Helicosteginopsis CAUDRI, Eulinderina BARKER and GRIMSDALE and Helicostegina BARKER and GRIMSDALE in Lepidocyclinidae SCHEFFEN, in spite of the fact that all of them have characteristics of both rotaliid early and orbitoidal adult stages. Thus the growth …

Neotectonics Of The Sarıköy-İnova And Çan-Bayramiç-Ezine Fault Zones: Basin Formation, Age And Slip Rates, Nw Anatolia-Türkiye, Ali Koçyi̇ği̇t

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

The Sarıköy-İnova and the Çan-Bayramiç-Ezine fault zones (SIFZ, ÇBEFZ) comprise the southern strand of the North Anatolian Fault System in the Biga Peninsula. They are located in the area between Sarıköy to northeast and the Dalyan settlement around Bozcaada in the North Aegean Sea to southwest. Both of the fault zones are active. This is evidenced by the 6 March 1737 (Ms =7.0) İnova, 1st February 1809 Hurma (Ms = 6.1), and the 8 February 1826 Güllüce (Ms = 6.2) historical earthquakes resulted from these fault zones. Maximum lengths of fault segments comprising the SIFZ and the ÇBEFZ are 14 …

First Mammuthus (Elephantidae) Findings From Samsun District (Türkiye), Ebru Albayrak

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

Located between Africa, Asia and Europe, Anatolia is a crossroads for the migration of many mammals such as elephantids. For this reason, important fossils belonging to different species of elephantids were found from various localities. In this study, mammoth molars found in Samsun- Ladik were examined. As a result of the examination, M. meridionalis and M. trogontherii were identified for the first time from this region. Although the number of fossils examined is very small, the results obtained are very important as Mammuthus was identified for the first time from Samsun. When considered together with the Mammuthus species identified from …

Erratum: Paleoecological Investigation Of The Miocene (23.03-5.33 Mya) Rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) In Anatolia, Hasan Vural, Şakir Önder Bozkurt

Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration

Erratum: In the article of Vural, H., Özkurt, Ş. Ö. 2023. Paleoecological investigation of the Miocene (23.03-5.33 mya) rodents (Mammalia: Rodentia) in Anatolia. Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration 170, 15-30 (doi: https://doi.org/10.19111/ bulletinofmre.1139009), there are several uncited or quoted passages. For this, the authors apologise to the readers. In this paper, additional explanations are reported and necessary corrections are made in defective parts of the article.

Changes In Physico-Chemical Properties Of A Sandy Loam Soil Depending On The Particle Size Of Hazelnut Shell-Derived Biochar, Damla Bender Özenç, Ceyhan Tarakçioğlu, Funda Irmak Yilmaz, Selahattin AygüN

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

This study evaluated the effects of hazelnut shell-derived biochar particle sizes on the soil’s physical and chemical properties, and on various nutrient contents present in the sandy loamy soils. For this purpose, an incubation experiment in the plastic high tunnel has been performed under sixteen treatments (control-only soil), and at four incubation times (30, 60, 90, and 120 d), by using three different biochar sizes (≤ 1, 1 - 2, and 2 - 4 mm). The addition of 1 - 2 and 2 - 4 mm biochar during the incubation time decreased the bulk density in the soil by 26%. …

Numerical Quantification Of Surface Runoff And Soil Erosion Using Pcraster, Victorino A. Bato

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

Surface runoff and soil erosion of the Upper Lagawe River Sub-watershed, Ifugao Province, Philippines were quantified using Geographic Information Systems (GIS)-based numerical simulation. PCRaster software was used as a framework for the model. Manning’s and Rose, and Freebairn’s Equations were utilized to compute surface runoff velocity and sediment mass. Analysis and comparison of the measured and predicted streamflow yielded a mean Nash and Sutcliffe Efficiency Index of 0.70, a mean percent bias of -8.38%, and a mean root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.16. Based on the model, super typhoon Lando (international name: Koppu) generated an estimated surface runoff volume …

The Effect Of Amf-Cacao Association On Varying Physicochemical, Nutrient, And Biological Soil Parameters In An Agroforest System, Diana P. Paguntalan, Nelly S. Aggangan, Inocencio E. Buot Jr.

The Philippine Agricultural Scientist

The increasing interest in sustainable methods in agroforestry directs the attention of many to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) for their role in maintaining or improving overall plant health and nutrition of many plants including cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) trees. The effects of different treatments of AMF and other soil amendments applied singly or in combination on physicochemical properties, nutrient levels, spore count, and rhizosphere microbial counts, were investigated and compared across different sampling periods of varying climatological conditions in an agroforest system. Results showed that there was a significant effect on the N content using the different treatments. The …

Electrofacies Analysis Using A Geostatistical Approach, Northern Iraq Case Study, Hussein S. Hussein

Polytechnic Journal

The distribution of petrophysical parameters is governed by lithology, hence understanding the spatial variation in lithology is essential for reservoir characterisation. This study points out the use of well logs to estimate the lithology of carbonate rocks (limestone, marly limestone, dolomite, and dolomitic limestone) found in Upper Cretaceous to Miocene formations at the Khabbaz Oil Field in Northern Iraq. Applying the multivariate regression technique to neutron, and density data enabled accurate lithology prediction. By using independent values (well log data) to predict a dependent value (lithology), this technique is a progression of regression analysis. The formations under study comprised a …

Geochemistry Of The Lake Sediments On Robert Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica: Implications For Weathering Processes In Polar Areas, Merve Özyurt, Yilmaz Demi̇r, Korhan Özkan, Rai̇f Kandemi̇r

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The preliminary results of geochemical analyses of the surface sediments from 4 lakes on Robert Island, South Shetland, Antarctica, are presented herein. The samples were collected during the Turkish Antarctic Expedition (TAE-II) in 2018. Sediment samples were obtained from the littoral zone (approximately 20 cm) of 4 different lakes exposed on the glacier-free land area on Robert Island. The lake sediments predominantly consist of fine-grained sand, clay, and silt particles. These particles include Fe-shale and graywacke geochemical characteristics. Their plagioclase index of alteration, chemical index of weathering, chemical index of alteration, and other weathering index values, suggest that the studied …

Accuracy Investigation Of Gnss-Reflectometry For Sea Level Monitoring On Horseshoe Island, Antarctica: Preliminary Results Of The Turkish Permanent Gnss Station (Tur1), Mahmut Oğuz Selbesoğlu, Hasan Hakan Yavaşoğlu, Mustafa Fahri̇ Karabulut, Özgün Oktar, Vahap Engi̇n Gülal, Hi̇mmet Karaman, Mustafa Ersel Kamaşak

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Antarctica is called a natural laboratory and is highly important for investigating climate change and its evolution over time. Sustainability is a critical concern due to the challenges posed by glacier melting and rising sea levels due to global warming. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, since the industrial age, the global mean sea level has risen by about 20 cm as a result of the increase in the average world temperature by 1 °C. Therefore, long-term observations by satellite-based techniques in and around Antarctica are of great importance for monitoring the impacts of climate change. In the …

Applicability Of Real-Time Ppp Technique In Polar Regions As An Accurate And Efficient Real-Time Positioning System, Reha Meti̇n Alkan, Serdar Erol, Bi̇lal Mutlu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The polar regions, which include the Arctic and Antarctic areas, attract the attention of people every day, and issues that are closely related to the future of humanity make these regions even more important. Accurate and reliable positioning in polar regions is very critical for scientific research projects and also for commercial, touristic, and other human activities. In this study, the usability and the accuracy performance of the real-time precise point positioning (RT-PPP) technique in high-latitude polar regions with harsh environmental and extreme atmospheric conditions were investigated. Within that framework, the GNSS dataset of six IGS multi-GNSS stations located at …

The Petrogenesis Of Analcime In The Coppermine Formation On Robert Island, South Shetland Islands, Antarctica, Rai̇f Kandemi̇r, Yilmaz Demi̇r, Cüneyt Şen, Ufuk Celal Yağcioğlu

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The South Shetland Islands were shaped by island arc volcanism that occurred from the Jurassic to the Quaternary. Robert Island is located in the center of this archipelago, and Coppermine Peninsula, located on the southwestern part of Robert Island, exposures significant rock outcrops of basalts and andesitic-basaltic agglomerates of the Coppermine Formation. The investigated samples were collected during Turkish Antarctic Expedition 2 (TAE-II), in March-April 2018, from the area northeast of Triplet Hill. The volcanic rocks exhibited an amygdaloidal microlithic-porphyritic texture. Subhedral to anhedral phenocrysts of labradorite, augite, and olivine were observed with holocrystalline groundmass composed of plagioclase, pyroxene, and …

Webgis-Based Data Center Design For Polar Science Studies: Simulation Of Türkiye, Müge Şenel, Hasan Hakan Yavaşoğlu, Burcu Özsoy, Hi̇mmet Karaman, Mustafa Ümi̇t Gümüşay

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Scientific studies concentrated in Antarctica hold great value and importance for humanity. Research projects are conducted in various disciplines on the continent, where nearly 100 research stations from 30 countries are established. Despite the challenges posed by Antarctica's natural structure, unique environment, difficult working conditions, and limited logistics opportunities, scientific research conducted there is indispensable due to the valuable information it offers. In pursuit of accessing this information, Turkish Antarctic expeditions have been organized since 2017. In this study, a polar data center was established through a web-based geographic information system (WebGIS), a significant infrastructure for the continuity of scientific …

Exploring Crowdsourcing Accountability For Mapping Antarctica: A Case Study Using 5 Years Of Social Media Data, Ayşe Gi̇z Gülnerman Gengeç

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The continent of Antarctica is one of the most challenging regions in terms of generating and updating geodata. Extensive research has been conducted on geodata acquisition, primarily focusing on earth observation satellites and local surveys in polar regions. Earth observation satellites offer limited spatial, temporal, and semantic data, while local surveys are constrained by polar regions' size and challenging conditions. This article delves into the crowdsourced data, aiming to significantly enhance geodata contribution in polar regions beyond current methods. To our knowledge, this study is the first of its kind to address social media data, a form of crowdsourcing, specifically …

Water Chemistry And Pigment Composition Of 13 Lakes And Ponds In Maritime Antarctica, Korhan Özkan

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

The Antarctic Peninsula has been rapidly warming, resulting in changes to the abundance and surface cover of terrestrial aquatic ecosystems, as well as their ecosystem structure and function. Therefore, comparative studies of aquatic ecosystems across large latitudinal gradients can be useful in better understanding these changes and making more reliable predictions regarding the consequences of climate change. During Turkish Antarctic Expeditions in 2018 and 2019, samples were collected from 10 lakes and 3 ponds across Maritime Antarctica (north-western coasts of the Antarctic Peninsula). These lakes and ponds were located on Ardley, Robert, Livingstone, Galindez, and Horseshoe islands, covering a latitudinal …

Accuracy Assessment Of Glacier Depth Monitoring Based On Uav-Gpr On Horseshoe Island, Antarctica, Mahmut Oğuz Selbesoğlu, Mustafa Fahri̇ Karabulut, Özgün Oktar, Burak Akpinar, Oleg Vassilev, Mehmet Arkali, Şeyma Nur Tufan, Alptuğ Şeref Ayyildiz, Esra Günaydin, Ati̇lla Yilmaz, Doğaç Baybars Işiler, Burcu Özsoy

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Unmanned aerial systems have a wide range of uses in studying the impacts of climate change over several fields. Recently, its combination with a ground-penetrating radar (GPR) technology has been demonstrated to be highly effective for surveying glaciers, especially in difficult and inaccessible terrains like Antarctica. In this context, this study focused on exploring the potential of using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-GPR to measure the depth of glaciers on Horseshoe Island, West Antarctica. The data were collected during the seventh Turkish Antarctic Expedition (TAE-VII) in February and March 2023, within the scope of the international project titled "Glacier monitoring …

The Geo/Thermochronology Of Dismal Island (Marguerite Bay, Antarctic Peninsula), Fati̇h Karaoğlan, Burcu Karataş, Yavuz Özdemi̇r, Erhan Gülyüz, Oleg Vassilev, Mahmut Oğuz Selbesoğlu, Semi̇h Gi̇ldi̇r

Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences

Dismal Island is located at the entrance of Marguerite Bay between Adelaide Island to the northeast and Alexander Island to the southwest within the Antarctic Peninsula (AP). Its unique position between Alexander and Adelaide islands provides the opportunity to perform testing and link these regions through Cenozoic magmatism and tectonics due to the subduction of the Pacific plate beneath the AP along the northern margin. Dismal Island was visited in February 2021 within the framework of the sixth Turkish Antarctic Expedition (TAE-VI). Thirteen samples were collected for petrography, geochronology, and low-temperature thermochronology (LTT). Of the samples, 3 were dated using …

Detection Of Small Objects In Open-Pit Coal Mine Stopes Using Uav Remote Sensing Images, Liu Mingrui, Che Ben, Dong Hongbo, Zhu Ruoli

Coal Geology & Exploration

Open-pit coal mine stopes witness frequent vehicle accidents due to their complex terrains. Therefore, accurately positioning vehicles in the stopes is critical to safe coal mining. To overcome the inaccurate positioning of small targets in the mining areas using Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) remote sensing images, this study proposed an improved YOLOv7 model for object detection. First, to expedite the reasoning of the YOLOv7 network, the ELAN module in the original YOLOv7 model was improved by introducing partial convolution. Based on this, the eSE channel attention mechanism was combined to form the PConv-eSE convolution attention module. The purpose is to …

Table Of Contents, The Editors

Coal Geology & Exploration

No abstract provided.