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Articles 301 - 321 of 321
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Atmospheric Chemistry Of Aromatic Compounds, Bernadette Duffy
Atmospheric Chemistry Of Aromatic Compounds, Bernadette Duffy
Masters
Rate constants (in units of 10-11 cm3 molecule-1s-1) were measured for the following reactions at 298+-2K and 1 atmosphere pressure using a relative rate technique. k(OH+Benzene)= 1.42+-0.1; k(OH+p-Xylene)= 15.9 +-2.5 k(OH+Toluene)=6.30+-0.15; k(OH+o-Ethyltoluene)=14.1+-1.1; k(OH+Ethylbenzene)=7.50+-0.72:k(OH+m-Ethyltoluene)=23.0+-1.5; k(OH+o-Xylene)=14.5+-3.1; k(OH+p-Ethyltoluene)=14.2+-1.0; k(OH+m-Xylene=23.1+-2.2: k(OH+1,3,5-Rimethylbenzene= 69.7+-4.3 The increase in reactivity with increasing degree of alkyl substitution on the aromatic ring supports the conclusions of previous studies that the dominant reaction pathway at room temperature for reaction of hydroxyl radicals with aromatic compounds is addition to the benzene rig. The rate data are compared with previous measurements and discusses in terms of structure-activity relationships The Photochemical Ozone Creation Potentials …
Effect Of A Modified Isoindole Backbone On The Electrical Optical And Physical Properties Of The Isoindole Organised Semiconductor System, Matthew Boylan
Effect Of A Modified Isoindole Backbone On The Electrical Optical And Physical Properties Of The Isoindole Organised Semiconductor System, Matthew Boylan
Doctoral
Primarily it was endeavoured to synthesise conducting polymers bearing a modified isoindole backbone with potentially enhanced electrical, optical and physical properties. The addition of electron donating methoxy groups on to the N-methylisoindole system results in alternations to the resultant polymer’s optical and physical properties. The synthesis of the new compounds 5-methoxy-N-methylisoindole and 5, 6-dimethoxy-N-methylisoindole was carried out via a devised route. Characterisation of the two new monomers 5-methoxy-N-methylisoindole and 5,6-dimethoxy-N-methylisoindole and the parent N-methylisoindole and their corresponding polymers has also been carried out initially by cyclic voltammetry studies. The oxidation of the monomers and corresponding polymers occurs at decreasing positive …
Kinetic Studies On The Reaction Of Hydroxyl Radicals With Aromatic Compounds, Paul Chadwick
Kinetic Studies On The Reaction Of Hydroxyl Radicals With Aromatic Compounds, Paul Chadwick
Masters
No abstract provided
Nutritional Aspects Of Trans Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Mary Cantwell
Nutritional Aspects Of Trans Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Mary Cantwell
Doctoral
Dietary trans unsaturated fatty acids from hydrogenated vegetable and fish oils have been shown to raise plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at 10%, 6% and 3% of energy intake. As trans fatty acid intake has not been previously assessed in Ireland a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed to assess fat intake with particular focus on trans fatty acids. A nutrient database was developed which included the fatty acid and total trans fatty acid composition of foods (measured by gas chromatography and infra-red spectroscopy) which are sources of fat in the Irish diet. …
Synthesis Of Fluroxypyr For The Use On Broad Leaf Plants, Shena Ruane
Synthesis Of Fluroxypyr For The Use On Broad Leaf Plants, Shena Ruane
Masters
Fluroxypyr, 1-methylheptyl (4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridinyloxy) acetate is used for the control of annual broad leaf weeds in cereals and perennial rye grass. The objective of this work was to develop an economically viable process for the bench synthesis of an organic herbicide fluroxypyr and to scale up the reaction to two litres. This was carried out according to a technical bulletin received from Agriguard Ltd. In addition an investigation into the synthesis and characterisation of impurities formed and reported to be formed, in the reaction process was carried out. The process developed began with pentachloropyridine which on reaction with potassium fluoride in …
Synthesis Of The Fungicide Propiconazole A Systemic Foliar Fungicide., Hazel Delaney
Synthesis Of The Fungicide Propiconazole A Systemic Foliar Fungicide., Hazel Delaney
Masters
Propiconazole, 1-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-propyl-1, 3-dioxol-2-yl[methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole, commercially know as “Tilt” is a systemic foliar fungicide for cereals and is widely used in agriculture. The aim of this project was to develop an economically feasible process for the production of propiconazole and to maximise the yields of the intermediates in the developed process. Processes investigated included the original Ciba-Geigy process. In addition an investigation into the synthesis and characterisation of the impurities formed, and reported to be formed in each step of the reaction process was carried out and seven of the reported impurities were synthesised. One impurity was shown not to be present …
Enantioselective Complexation Of Amino Acids By 6a-Deoxy-6a-Hydroxyethylamino- Β -Cyclodextrin And Its Metallo-Derivatives In Aqueous Solution, Nicole Van Hoof, Noel Russell, Mary Mcnamara, Raphael Darcy
Enantioselective Complexation Of Amino Acids By 6a-Deoxy-6a-Hydroxyethylamino- Β -Cyclodextrin And Its Metallo-Derivatives In Aqueous Solution, Nicole Van Hoof, Noel Russell, Mary Mcnamara, Raphael Darcy
Articles
Enantioselectivity towards several amino acids by metallo-6A-deoxy-6A-hydroxyethylamino-β-cyclodextrins (metallo- β CDea’s) was investigated by potentiometric titration of the various amino acid/metallo- β CDea systems with NaOH solution. It was shown that the cyclodextrin derivative is capable of distinguishing between enantiomers of amino acid species in the presence of certain metal ions (Co, Ni, Cu and Zn). Ni- β CDea complexes show the most enantioselectivity,whereas for Cu and Co2C-_CDea complexes less selectivity is observed. As expected, Zn- β CDea complexes exhibit no enantioselectivity. Stability and selectivity, however, do not go hand in hand, since the most stable complexes are formed …
Electroanalysis Using Differential Pulse Methods And Stripping Techniques., Enda Howard
Electroanalysis Using Differential Pulse Methods And Stripping Techniques., Enda Howard
Masters
Application of a differential pulse waveform to a microelectrode or a rotating disk electrode results in a peaked response for amperometric redox reactions. Based on these observations models were proposed and tested for these methods. Simulations of the models were carried out by inputting the relevant equations into Microsoft Excel. The microelectrode study revealed a good correlation between one model and the numerical derivative of the current following a linear sweep potential waveform. Experimentally the derivative can be obtained numerically following a linear sweep. The alternative differential pulse waveform requires more sophisticated equipment and the response can be affected by …
Note On The Voltammetry Of Ferrocene Carboxylate In Aqueous Solution, John Cassidy, John O'Gorman, M. Ronane, Enda Howard
Note On The Voltammetry Of Ferrocene Carboxylate In Aqueous Solution, John Cassidy, John O'Gorman, M. Ronane, Enda Howard
Articles
Cyclic voltammetry of ferrocene dicarboxylate in aqueous solutions at high pH, in the presence of oxygen, showed evidence of an EC' mechanism where the oxidised form of ferrocene dicarboxylate reacts with H02- , which had been produced at a lower potential. However, an analogous experiment with ferrocene carboxylate yielded a cyclic voltammogram with a post peak: following the anodic peak: for ferrocene carboxylate. The reason for the post peak: is not clear but may be due to a delay in the reaction between the oxidised form of ferrocene carboxylate and H02-.
The Development And Validation Of A Methodology For The Analysis Of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons In Air Particulates (Indoor And Outdoor), Kathryn O'Malley
The Development And Validation Of A Methodology For The Analysis Of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons In Air Particulates (Indoor And Outdoor), Kathryn O'Malley
Masters
PAH form a large class of ubiquitous pollutants mainly of anthropogenic origin. Several PAH found in air particulates have been identified as carcinogens and mutagens. Sixteen of these PAH have been listed by the USEPA as priority pollutants. This research is concerned with the development and optimisation of a method for the analysis of these sixteen PAH in air particulates. Soxhlet and ultrasonic extraction procedures were investigated to optimise the recoveries from spiked glass fibre filters with a standard 1ppm mixture of the 16PAH. Standard mixtures of the 16 PAH were analysed by HPLC with fluorescence detection with approx. linearity …
Use Of Excel To Obtain Voltammetric Information On Microelectrodes, Enda Howard, John Cassidy
Use Of Excel To Obtain Voltammetric Information On Microelectrodes, Enda Howard, John Cassidy
Articles
The use of curve fitting for the analysis and interpretation of voltammetric data obtained while working with micro electrodes is discussed as a useful exercise for introducing students to the principle of problem solving using least-squares curve-fitting techniques. The advantages associated with this approach to data processing over the approach where the limiting current (i L) alone is used are discussed and its limitations are highlighted. This technique was applied to the determination of unknown concentrations of ferrocyanide and the most satisfactory recovery of concentrations was found when both the va1ues of the formal potential (EO') and concentration ( C) …
Studies On The Amylolytic Breakdown Of Damaged Starch In Cereal And Non-Cereal Flours, Karen Bailey
Studies On The Amylolytic Breakdown Of Damaged Starch In Cereal And Non-Cereal Flours, Karen Bailey
Masters
The term starch damage refers to a number of changes to the starch granule structure, which are detectable by different analytical techniques. Damaged starch is the substrate for amylases, which in turn provides carbohydrates that are used in the production of certain foods and food ingredients; as a result, therefore, determination of levels in flours is a procedure carried out routinely by many manufacturers of starch based products. Enzymatic assay methods emulate the susceptibility of damaged starch granules to enzymatic attack. The first aim of this study was to evaluate enzymatic methods(1,2) to determine damaged starch in wheat flours and …
Reactions Of Chlorine Atoms With Aromatic Compounds, Barbara O'Leary
Reactions Of Chlorine Atoms With Aromatic Compounds, Barbara O'Leary
Masters
This thesis presents the results of kinetic studies on the reactions of chlorine atoms with a series of aromatic compounds. (please see full text for complete abstract)
Electroanalysis Using Differential Pulse Methods At A Microelectrode, Enda Howard, John Cassidy, John O'Gorman
Electroanalysis Using Differential Pulse Methods At A Microelectrode, Enda Howard, John Cassidy, John O'Gorman
Articles
This communication characterises the differential pulse voltammetric response of ultramicroelectrodes in connection with two different models
Solvent Impregnated Resins For The Recovery Of Gold From Gold(I)Thiourea Solutions, Fiona Fitzpatrick
Solvent Impregnated Resins For The Recovery Of Gold From Gold(I)Thiourea Solutions, Fiona Fitzpatrick
Masters
Solvent Impregnated Resins (SIRs) are high surface area, macroporous, polymeric resins which have been physically impregnated with an organic solvent. In this research, three resins have been impregnated with Di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid, a solvent which has shown selectivity to gold. The ability of the resins to recover gold (1) thiourea perchlorate from solution has been investigated. The resins have been studied both bare and when impregnated with the solvent and their efficiency was seen to increase upon impregnation. The overall efficiency of the resins was found to be pH dependent. It is also related to the level of impregnation of …
Synthesis And Characterisation Of New Dimolybdenum (Ii,Ii) Dicarboxylates And Their Use As Polymerization Catalysts, Elizabeth Whelan
Synthesis And Characterisation Of New Dimolybdenum (Ii,Ii) Dicarboxylates And Their Use As Polymerization Catalysts, Elizabeth Whelan
Masters
The purpose of this work was to prepare a series of new dimolybdenum(II,II) dicarboxylate complexes, to characterize the complexes and to investigate their use as potential catalysts for the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of the bicyclic monomer norbornene.
Rotating Disk Ion Selective Electrodes, John Cassidy, David Mullen, Karen Casey, Patrick Cullen
Rotating Disk Ion Selective Electrodes, John Cassidy, David Mullen, Karen Casey, Patrick Cullen
Articles
A simulation was undertaken to predict the transient potential response following a concentration step at a rotating disk electrode comprised of an ion selective layer. A basis for this simulation was that the potential response would be independent of rotation rate since the diffusion layer is larger than the double layer at the electrode. In practice it was found that the potential response does vary with rotation rate. The response was such that the apparent concentration of the analyte in solution decreased with increased rotation rate. The reason for this behavior is due to the disruption of the double layer …
Cyclic Voltammetry Of Polypyrroledodecylbenzenesulfonate Layers, T. Mccormac, W. Breen, A. Mcgee, John Cassidy, M. E.G. Lyons
Cyclic Voltammetry Of Polypyrroledodecylbenzenesulfonate Layers, T. Mccormac, W. Breen, A. Mcgee, John Cassidy, M. E.G. Lyons
Articles
Polypyrrole was deposited from solutions of NaCIO. and NaDBS, where DBS is dodecylbenzenesulfonate in aqueous solu\ion and characterizcd by voltammetry. It is found that the absence of the so-called 'double laver charging current' during cyclic voltammetry of the layers formed from solutions with surfactant is not because of' the" order in morphology of the layer, but irreversible incorporation of' the surfactant anion.
Aspects Of Gold Recovery From An Indigenous Ore, Cormac Patrick Mcnamee
Aspects Of Gold Recovery From An Indigenous Ore, Cormac Patrick Mcnamee
Masters
This project involved the investigation into the basic electrochemistry of the thiourea-formamidine disulphide redox couple and an estimation of the formal potential, Eo1 for the couple. By carrying out optimisation experiments on the leaching of gold from an ore sample from the Avoca mine in Co. Wicklow, the optimum leaching conditions were determined for maximum gold extraction. The effects of various organic and inorganic species on the adsorption of gold onto activated carbon and modified peat were investigated with the use of factorial designed experiments. The Langmuir Isotherm model was applied to estimate the capacity of the carbon for these …
Reactions Of Hydroxyl Radicals And Chlorine Atoms With Compounds Of Group Iv Elements., Denis J. O'Farrell
Reactions Of Hydroxyl Radicals And Chlorine Atoms With Compounds Of Group Iv Elements., Denis J. O'Farrell
Doctoral
Rate data are reported for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with a series of substituted silanes. The data presented suggest the presence of polar effects in the transition state. Good agreement is reported between a relative rate study and an absolute rate study, Table (i). The corresponding reaction of chlorine atoms with the series of substituted silanes support the suggestion of polar effects in the transition state, Table (ii). Rate data are also reported for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with a series of tetramethyl and tetraethyl compounds of the Group IV elements. The data presented show an enhanced reactivity …
Wearable Electrochemical Sensors For Monitoring Performance Athletes, Kevin J. Fraser, Vincenzo F. Curtin, Shirley Coyle, Benjamin Schazmann, Robert Byrne, Fernando Benito-Lopez, Roisin M. Owens, George C. Malliaras, Dermot Diamond
Wearable Electrochemical Sensors For Monitoring Performance Athletes, Kevin J. Fraser, Vincenzo F. Curtin, Shirley Coyle, Benjamin Schazmann, Robert Byrne, Fernando Benito-Lopez, Roisin M. Owens, George C. Malliaras, Dermot Diamond
Conference Papers
Nowadays, wearable sensors such as heart rate monitors and pedometers are in common use. The use of wearable systems such as these for personalized exercise regimes for health and rehabilitation is particularly interesting. In particular, the true potential of wearable chemical sensors, which for the real-time ambulatory monitoring of bodily fluids such as tears, sweat, urine and blood has not been realized. Here we present a brief introduction into the fields of ionogels and organic electrochemical transistors, and in particular, the concept of an OECT transistor incorporated into a sticking-plaster, along with a printable “ionogel” to provide a wearable biosensor …