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Articles 1 - 24 of 24
Full-Text Articles in Physical Sciences and Mathematics
Microwave Synthesis And Characterisation Of Zinc Sulfide Nanomaterials For Photocatalytic And Anti-Bacterial Applications, Damian W. Synnott
Microwave Synthesis And Characterisation Of Zinc Sulfide Nanomaterials For Photocatalytic And Anti-Bacterial Applications, Damian W. Synnott
Doctoral
This thesis is focused on the development of a novel ambient pressure microwave synthesis of ZnS based materials for photocatalytic and anti-bacterial technologies. Chapter 1 introduces the problems with anti-biotic resistant bacteria and the impact that these species are causing within healthcare systems. One of the approaches to tackling these problems is the development of self-cleaning materials to replace the harsh cleaning agents currently in use to sterilize the surfaces of buildings and materials used in healthcare environments. Chapter 1 also introduces semiconductors, semiconductor photocatalysis and the mechanism of action, improving photocatalytic action and how to semiconductor photocatalysts have been …
Analysis Of An Adhesion Promoter For Rubber To Metal Bonding, Killian Barton
Analysis Of An Adhesion Promoter For Rubber To Metal Bonding, Killian Barton
Doctoral
The intermolecular and intramolecular changes induced by thermal stress in an industrial rubber to metal coupling agent (the ‘green molecule’ or GM) are the subject of this thesis. The GM was analysed in-situ in a model application environment using vibrational spectroscopy. NMR spectroscopy was used in order to analyse the solution chemistry of the compound and how this changed as a result of thermal stress. The interaction of the GM and the substrate was analysed using a range of surface analysis techniques including XPS, AFMIR and EDX. An example of a complex substrate, the zinc phosphate conversion coating, was analysed …
Reference Material Development For Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins And Associated Analytical Applications, Stephen Burrell
Reference Material Development For Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Toxins And Associated Analytical Applications, Stephen Burrell
Doctoral
Food poisoning incidences relating to marine biotoxins are a global phenomenon and have the potential to severely impact the aquaculture industry. As a result, and as a legislative requirement in the European Union (EU), many countries have implemented monitoring programmes for these compounds but their success relies on the availability of certain quality assurance tools, two of which are reference materials (RMs) and proficiency testing. The limited amounts of RMs, in particular matrix certified reference materials (CRMs) for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins has been a limiting factor in the implementation of alternatives to the mouse bioassay for routine monitoring …
Passive Sampling For Quality Monitoring Of Irish Marine Waters, Philip White
Passive Sampling For Quality Monitoring Of Irish Marine Waters, Philip White
Doctoral
This study details the steps involved in fabrication, deployment and retrieval of mainly polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) passive sampling devices deployed in a number of locations in and around Ireland in an attempt to derive dissolved water concentrations of contaminants in-situ. PDMS samplers were initially deployed in the Burrishoole catchment, Co. Mayo in conjunction with the collection of biological tissues and sediment to investigate the source of elevated dioxins in the catchment. Passive samplers were used to generate dissolved water concentrations of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and also to successfully screen for the presence of dioxins in the water column. The …
An Analysis Of Drug Dissolution In Vivo, David Mcdonnell
An Analysis Of Drug Dissolution In Vivo, David Mcdonnell
Doctoral
The testing of drug dissolution rates from solid dosage forms is a very important area of research within the pharmaceutical industry. The ability to produce drugs with a given dissolution rate will lead to improved performance in the treatment of patients and will be of economic benefit to the pharmaceutical industry. However, dissolution testing in laboratories, aimed at reflecting in-vivo conditions, can be both time consuming and costly. Currently, most simulations of drug dissolution take place in standardized USP (United States Pharmaceutical) apparatuses. A number of these apparatuses exist, and it is the aim of this thesis to analyse drug …
The Preparation And Characterisation Of Silver Nanomaterials And Their Application In Sensing Techniques, Aoife Power
The Preparation And Characterisation Of Silver Nanomaterials And Their Application In Sensing Techniques, Aoife Power
Doctoral
In this work the impact of nanomaterial, specifically silver nanostructures, on sensing techniques is investigated. The work can be divided in to three sections, preparation and characterisation of silver nanoparticles, their application as a nanocomposite based chemiresistor humidity sensing device and finally their application within the surface enhanced (resonance) Raman spectroscopy, SE(R)RS, technique. In the first study silver nanoparticles were prepared as aqueous colloidal dispersions. The colloids were of either a defined diameter (average diameter ~ 20 nm) with high silver loading or lower loaded colloids of tuneable morphology and hence optical properties. In a subsequent study the high load …
Sol-Gel Synthesis And Characterisation Of Novel Metal Oxide Nanomaterials For Photocatalytic Applications, Nicholas T. Nolan
Sol-Gel Synthesis And Characterisation Of Novel Metal Oxide Nanomaterials For Photocatalytic Applications, Nicholas T. Nolan
Doctoral
This thesis presents a study of the effect of chemical modifiers and dopants on both the anatase to rutile transformation and also the photocatalytic efficiency of semiconductor nanomaterials. The main focus of the work is based on the crystallisation and phase transformation of the widely investigated semiconductor metal oxide, titanium dioxide (TiO2) Of the three polymorphs associated with titanium dioxide, anatase is widely regarded as the most effective photocatalyst. Typically anatase will transform to rutile in the temperature range 600 – 700 °C however, modification of a titanium precursor with a chelating agent can result in extended transformation temperature. The …
Enhanced Absorption Metal Oxides For Photocatalytic Applications, Reenamole Georgekutty
Enhanced Absorption Metal Oxides For Photocatalytic Applications, Reenamole Georgekutty
Doctoral
Environmental pollution and industrialization on a global scale has drawn attention to the vital need for developing new hygienic and environmentally friendly purification technologies. The most common indoor and outdoor purification process have their corresponding limitations of electricity and/or other energy sources. To address such enormous tasks, advance oxidation technology like heterogeneous photocatalytic systems via metal oxide semiconductors such as TiO2, ZnO, that are capable to operate effectively and efficiently under UV and visible light must be established. Due to the wide band gap of semiconductors, they are unable to absorb visible light. Hence, numerous research efforts have been done …
An Integrated Approach To The Toxicity Evaluation Of Irish Marine Sediment - Chemical Assessment, Michelle Giltrap
An Integrated Approach To The Toxicity Evaluation Of Irish Marine Sediment - Chemical Assessment, Michelle Giltrap
Doctoral
This project was a collaborative project between the Marine Institute (MI) in Galway and Radiation and Environmental Science Centre (RESC) in the Technological University Dublin (DIT). In Ireland, at present, sediment quality assessments are generally reliant on chemical analysis alone with limited bioassay techniques available to further characterise the sediment. Some causative agents of toxicity to biological organisms are below analytical detection limits. Integration of bioassay data with chemical analysis is essential in order to complete a full ecotoxicological assessment of the quality of the marine environment. This project describes the chemical analysis of marine sediment for persistent pollutants from …
Photoactive Supramolecular Cyclodextrin Assemblies, Muath Atmeh
Photoactive Supramolecular Cyclodextrin Assemblies, Muath Atmeh
Doctoral
Ligands with a macrocyclic host unit attached to a photoactive metal core are of interest across a range of applications from luminescent or electrochemical sensors, light harvesting and energy-collection purposes. Their versatile properties and possibility of associating cyclodextrins with other molecules both covalently and non-covalently mean that these macrocyclic ligands can be employed in the design and the formation of supramolecular complexes. A particularly attractive proposition is to combine the selective inclusion capabilities of CD with luminophores which may act as reporters of binding or other interactions at the cyclodextrin cavity. Ruthenium, osmium, and iridium polypyridyl complexes are particularly attractive …
Novel Photoelectrochemical Cell For The Remediation Of Organic Compounds In Water, Patrick Enright
Novel Photoelectrochemical Cell For The Remediation Of Organic Compounds In Water, Patrick Enright
Doctoral
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) suspensions have widely been used as photocatalysts, either alone or in a doped form to degrade organic compounds and kill bacteria. Because of its relatively large band gap, UV light has been the most efficient radiation used to allow this catalysis to occur. TiO2 has also been immobilised on electrodes in order to separate the ‘reduction’ and ‘oxidation’ reactions. Typical systems involve the oxidation of a ‘fuel’ at a TiO2 coated anode and the reduction of oxygen at a separate cathode, where the passage of current can be monitored, and this work utilises such a system. In …
Systematic Synthesis And Study Of The Structure-Property Relationships Of Arylene Vinylene Polymers., Patrick Lynch
Systematic Synthesis And Study Of The Structure-Property Relationships Of Arylene Vinylene Polymers., Patrick Lynch
Doctoral
Much is known about the electronic, vibrational and steric effects resulting from the addition of differing organic functional groups as side chains, to the parent conjugated polymer. However the same cannot be said about the substitution of constituents of the polymer backbone itself. To this end a study is presented here which systematically studies the effects of naphthalene and anthracene substitution of the properties of poly phenylene vinylene (PPV) derivative conjugated polymers. The synthesis by the Witting-Horner reaction of derivatives is presented whereby the phenylene units of the PPV structure are methodically substituted by naphthylene and anthrylene units to form …
Development And Evaluation Of Passive Sampling And Lc-Ms Based Techniques For The Detection And Monitoring Of Lipophilic Marine Toxins In Mesocosm And Field Studies, Elie Fux
Doctoral
The consumption of shellfish that accumulate marine biotoxins produced by harmful Algae can result in severe gastrointestinal or neurotoxic illnesses depending on the nature of the toxin. Therefore, it is essential that suitable monitoring programs are implemented in order to protect public health. This PhD study focused on aspects of the characteristics and monitoring of azaspiracids and toxins from Dinophysis spp. Passive samplers were used in this study in parallel with both indigenous and transplanted mussels that did not contain toxins to investigate the accumulation of toxins on the West coast of Ireland during 2005. This approach allowed for a …
The Development Of A Quality Risk Management Solution Designed To Facilitate Compliance With The Risk-Based Qualification, Validation And Change Control Gmp Requirement Of The Eu, Kevin O'Donnell
Doctoral
This research work was concerned with investigating the risk-based regulatory requirements that are currently in place in the European Union governing the manufacture of medicinal products. The main goal of this research was to develop a practical Quality Risk Management methodology that served as a solution for facilitating compliance with the EU GMP requirements in the area of risk-based Qualification, Validation and Change Control, and which was fully in line with the principles and guidance of ICH Q9, on Quality Risk Management. Following extensive testing and evaluation activities with a range of key stakeholders including the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector in …
Metallo-Cyclodextrin Complexes For The Separation Of Chiral Materials, Synthesis And Characterisation, Ciaran Francis Potter
Metallo-Cyclodextrin Complexes For The Separation Of Chiral Materials, Synthesis And Characterisation, Ciaran Francis Potter
Doctoral
The processes of separation and detection of chiral compounds are extremely important in the pharmaceutical industry. This study aims to investigate a safe and variable methods for the separation of the two enantiomers of the drug DOPA (Dihydroxyphenylalanine). L-DOPA is the most effective drug at present used to combat Parkinson’s disease while D-DOPA is inactive, thus for drug efficacy only the single biologically active enantiomer should be present in the formulation. In this work, cyclodextrins (CDS) were utilised fro their ability to act as a host for guest species, acting in the role as both a first and second sphere …
Incompressible And Compressible Boundary Layers On A Fibre In The Melt Spinning Process, John Harding
Incompressible And Compressible Boundary Layers On A Fibre In The Melt Spinning Process, John Harding
Doctoral
This thesis seeks to investigate shear stress on and heat transfer from the surface of a fibre in the industrial process of melt spinning. Melt spinning is the process whereby molten polymer materials are extruded through the holes of a device known as a spinneret to create continuous filaments of polymer. Fibres manufactured in this way are used in applications as diverse as fashion and clothing, to telecommunications. The magnitude ofthe shear stress on the fibre surface, and also the rate of heat transfer from the fibre to the surrounding environment are of major importance to the overall quality of …
Rate And Equilibrium Constants For Reactions Of Coordinated Cyclohexadienyl Cations, Martin Galvin
Rate And Equilibrium Constants For Reactions Of Coordinated Cyclohexadienyl Cations, Martin Galvin
Doctoral
In this work, the nucleophilic reactions of ironcarbonyl coordinated cyclohexadienyl cations with water and hydroxide to produce the corresponding coordinated arene hydrate analogues was examined. These nucleophilic reactions are a key step in a synthetic route to convert arene cis-dihydrodiols to their trans-isomers via their tricarbonyliron coordinated complexes. The arene trans-dihydrodiols produced have significant potential to be used as chiral buildings blocks in synthetic chemistry and have the advantage that they are more stable then their cis-analogues The first cation studied was (п5-cyclohexadienyl)dicarbonyl-triphenylphosphineiron. An equilibrium constant, pKr, for formation of the coordinated arene hydrate (п4-exo-5-hydroxy-1,3-cyclohexadience)dicarbonyltriphenylphosphine-iron, from this coordinated cation was …
Solubilisation, Purification And Processing Of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Organic Molecules, Theresa Hedderman
Solubilisation, Purification And Processing Of Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes Using Organic Molecules, Theresa Hedderman
Doctoral
The aims of this research are seven fold; • To enhance the solubility of SWNTs in organic solvents. • To purify an untreated sample of SWNTs that contains many side products. • To gain a greater understanding of the interaction between the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and SWNTs. • To debundle and disperse SWNTs. • To select SWNTs of a specific structure based on the structures of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons used. • To observe and compare the interaction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with SWNTs produced by different methods. • To elucidate factors which contribute to different degrees of interaction between …
Optimization Of An Acrylamides-Based Photopolymer For Reflection Holographic Recording, Raghavendra Jallapuram
Optimization Of An Acrylamides-Based Photopolymer For Reflection Holographic Recording, Raghavendra Jallapuram
Doctoral
Photopolymers have been the subject of special attention in the last two decades. The advantage of being self-developing makes them a practical alternative to silver halide photographic emulsions in holographic interferometry applications. This thesis is aimed at understanding diffusion properties and optimization of an acrylamide-based green sensitized photopolymer material for reflection holographic recording. The composition of the photopolymer includes a green sensitive dye (erythrosine B), acrylamide (monomer), electron donor (triethanolamine) a cross linking monomer (NN’methylenebisacrylamide) and a binder (polyvinyl alcohol). On illumination with light of the appropriate wavelength the dye absorbs a photon and enters into an excited state. The …
Characterisation Of Polymer-Modified Electrodes, Karl Crowley
Characterisation Of Polymer-Modified Electrodes, Karl Crowley
Doctoral
In this work, two contrasting polymer-modified electrodes are investigated. Electroanalysis of lead in aqueous solutions was performed with an electrode coated with Nafion and the redox behaviour of the electronically conducting polymer, polypyrrole, was characterised. In the first study, a glassy carbon electrode coated with Nafion was used in the determination of lead through anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). Initially the work consisted of optimising the preparation of the electrode and the experimental conditions resulting in a reproducible Nafion-modified electrode (NME) with a lifetime of several weeks. Two different stripping techniques were examined. High frequency square wave ASV was found to …
Genomic Instability Induced By Two Chemical Carcinogens, Cadmium And Nickel And By Particulate Titanium Debris From An Implant, Natasha Coen
Genomic Instability Induced By Two Chemical Carcinogens, Cadmium And Nickel And By Particulate Titanium Debris From An Implant, Natasha Coen
Doctoral
It has been established that cells surviving radiation may produce descendants many cell divisions post-exposure in which, there are high incidences of chromosomal aberrations arising de novo, gene mutation and lethal mutations/delayed cell death. These effects are collectively known as genomic instability and are induced at frequencies greater than that of spontaneous mutations. Formally this syndrome ‘genomic instability’ has only been definitively proven to occur following irradiation. This leads us to the consideration that heavy metals could also induce the genomic instability phenotype, and if so, it could have implications for those exposed through their occupation, through smoking or for …
Effect Of A Modified Isoindole Backbone On The Electrical Optical And Physical Properties Of The Isoindole Organised Semiconductor System, Matthew Boylan
Effect Of A Modified Isoindole Backbone On The Electrical Optical And Physical Properties Of The Isoindole Organised Semiconductor System, Matthew Boylan
Doctoral
Primarily it was endeavoured to synthesise conducting polymers bearing a modified isoindole backbone with potentially enhanced electrical, optical and physical properties. The addition of electron donating methoxy groups on to the N-methylisoindole system results in alternations to the resultant polymer’s optical and physical properties. The synthesis of the new compounds 5-methoxy-N-methylisoindole and 5, 6-dimethoxy-N-methylisoindole was carried out via a devised route. Characterisation of the two new monomers 5-methoxy-N-methylisoindole and 5,6-dimethoxy-N-methylisoindole and the parent N-methylisoindole and their corresponding polymers has also been carried out initially by cyclic voltammetry studies. The oxidation of the monomers and corresponding polymers occurs at decreasing positive …
Nutritional Aspects Of Trans Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Mary Cantwell
Nutritional Aspects Of Trans Unsaturated Fatty Acids, Mary Cantwell
Doctoral
Dietary trans unsaturated fatty acids from hydrogenated vegetable and fish oils have been shown to raise plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol and lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels at 10%, 6% and 3% of energy intake. As trans fatty acid intake has not been previously assessed in Ireland a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was developed to assess fat intake with particular focus on trans fatty acids. A nutrient database was developed which included the fatty acid and total trans fatty acid composition of foods (measured by gas chromatography and infra-red spectroscopy) which are sources of fat in the Irish diet. …
Reactions Of Hydroxyl Radicals And Chlorine Atoms With Compounds Of Group Iv Elements., Denis J. O'Farrell
Reactions Of Hydroxyl Radicals And Chlorine Atoms With Compounds Of Group Iv Elements., Denis J. O'Farrell
Doctoral
Rate data are reported for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with a series of substituted silanes. The data presented suggest the presence of polar effects in the transition state. Good agreement is reported between a relative rate study and an absolute rate study, Table (i). The corresponding reaction of chlorine atoms with the series of substituted silanes support the suggestion of polar effects in the transition state, Table (ii). Rate data are also reported for the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with a series of tetramethyl and tetraethyl compounds of the Group IV elements. The data presented show an enhanced reactivity …