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Veterinary Medicine Commons™

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2022

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Articles 151 - 180 of 414

Full-Text Articles in Veterinary Medicine

Expression Of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha Receptors (Ptgfr) And C-Reactive Protein (Crp) In The Canine Uterus And Cervix With Opened- And Closed-Cervix Pyometra, Narong Tiptanavattana, Pokchon Khirilak, Theerawat Tharasanit, Natapol Duangtum, Kijsopon Jankaew, Prawit Sae-Jia, Nongnapat Kaewchana Mar 2022

Expression Of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha Receptors (Ptgfr) And C-Reactive Protein (Crp) In The Canine Uterus And Cervix With Opened- And Closed-Cervix Pyometra, Narong Tiptanavattana, Pokchon Khirilak, Theerawat Tharasanit, Natapol Duangtum, Kijsopon Jankaew, Prawit Sae-Jia, Nongnapat Kaewchana

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Pyometra is a common reproductive disorder in female dogs. This study investigated the protein expression of prostaglandin F2 alpha receptors (PTGFR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in responses to inflammatory events of uterine and cervical tissues in dogs. Uterus and cervix samples were collected from six dogs which had closed-cervix pyometra (n = 3) and opened- cervix pyometra (n = 3). Healthy dogs in diestrus (n = 3) and anestrus (n=3) were used as controls. Tissues were histologically prepared and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot analysis for the PTGFR and CRP were used to verify the …

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Seasonal And Antimicrobial Resistance Distributions Of Salmonella Isolated From Pork, Beef And Chicken Meat In Vientiane Capital, Lao Pdr, Sitthasone Xaymountry, Kanit Chukanhom, Seri Klangair, Jatesada Jiwakanon, Sunpetch Angkititrakul Mar 2022

Seasonal And Antimicrobial Resistance Distributions Of Salmonella Isolated From Pork, Beef And Chicken Meat In Vientiane Capital, Lao Pdr, Sitthasone Xaymountry, Kanit Chukanhom, Seri Klangair, Jatesada Jiwakanon, Sunpetch Angkititrakul

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The objectives in this study was to investigate the prevalence, seasonal variation and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolated from pork, beef and chicken meat at retail markets in Vientiane capital, Lao PDR. During May 2018 to April 2019, 445 swab samples were randomly collected from pork (n = 258), beef (n = 81) and poultry meat (n = 106) in three seasons at three retail big markets in Vientiane capital, Lao PDR, Thongkhankham, Lao-Aussi, and Nongchan markets. All samples were isolated and identified for Salmonella spp. using the ISO 6579:2002/AMD 1:2007 procedure. The isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using …

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Investigation Of Bacterial Pathogens In Milk From Mastitic Dairy Cattle By Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry, Gokben Ozbey, Baris Otlu, Yusuf Yakupogullari, Betul Celik, Elif Seren Tanriverdi, Neslihan Kelestemur, Tarik Safak, Ali Risvanli, Anil Persad, Emma Sproston Mar 2022

Investigation Of Bacterial Pathogens In Milk From Mastitic Dairy Cattle By Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time Of Flight Mass Spectrometry, Gokben Ozbey, Baris Otlu, Yusuf Yakupogullari, Betul Celik, Elif Seren Tanriverdi, Neslihan Kelestemur, Tarik Safak, Ali Risvanli, Anil Persad, Emma Sproston

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The scope of the present study was to assess the use of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight (MALDI-TOF) Mass Spectrometry (MS) as a quick technique for the identification of bacterial species in mastitis. In this study, milk samples from each udder quarter from a total of 250 dairy cattle were aseptically collected and tested. The samples were grouped into California Mastitis Test (CMT) positive, CMT negative and clinical mastitis. The samples were streaked on blood agar and the bacterial isolates were analysed using MALDI-TOF MS. Using MALDI-TOF MS, certain species such as Staphylococcus chromogenes (44/188, 23.4%), Aerococcus viridans (40/188, 21.3%) …

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Inflammatory Mediator Gene Expression Of The Kidneys Induced By Daboia Siamensis Venom And Its Components, Suchitra Khunsap, Sunutcha Suntrarachun, Orawan Khow, Jureeporn Noiphrom Mar 2022

Inflammatory Mediator Gene Expression Of The Kidneys Induced By Daboia Siamensis Venom And Its Components, Suchitra Khunsap, Sunutcha Suntrarachun, Orawan Khow, Jureeporn Noiphrom

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and metalloprotease (MP) from Daboia siamensis (Ds) venom are believed to contribute to renal tissue toxicity. Imbalance of the cytokine system induced by snake envenomation causes tissue injury and cell damage which leads to acute toxic kidney injury. A better understanding of the pathological mechanism involved in renal injury after venom administration is needed. In the present study, we aimed to investigate inflammatory mediator genes (IL-2, IL-10, TNFα, IFN, and COX-2) in mouse kidney tissue after venom injection. Quantitative real time PCR was performed to detect the cytokine gene profiles. Beta actin was used as a house-keeping …

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Therapeutic Potential Of Bulgarian Propolis Against Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Species, Manar M. Farouk, Amal El-Molla, Fayez A. Salib, Yousef A. Soliman, Mohamed Shaalan Mar 2022

Therapeutic Potential Of Bulgarian Propolis Against Antibiotic-Resistant Salmonella Species, Manar M. Farouk, Amal El-Molla, Fayez A. Salib, Yousef A. Soliman, Mohamed Shaalan

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella spp. has increased the need for investigation of antimicrobial alternatives. Ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) has been identified to have wide-ranging medical applications related to its antimicrobial activity. The current study aimed to identify the major chemical components of EEP with antibacterial effects, evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of EEP against MDR Salmonella spp. isolates, and further examine the therapeutic efficacy of EEP against MDR S. Enteritidis infected mouse model. Bulgarian propolis EEP was prepared by using ethanol based extraction method. The chemical composition of EEP was characterized using the gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The …

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The Effect Of Recombinant Chimeric Swine Pkr-Apaf-1 Proteins On Viral-Load Reduction Of Prrs And Ped Alpha-Coronavirus Infected Cell Lines, Phong Vu Anh Tuan Vo, Thanaporn Lertsakchai, Sukeesom Jiramahasuwan, Achara Tawatsin, Athipoo Nuntaprasert Mar 2022

The Effect Of Recombinant Chimeric Swine Pkr-Apaf-1 Proteins On Viral-Load Reduction Of Prrs And Ped Alpha-Coronavirus Infected Cell Lines, Phong Vu Anh Tuan Vo, Thanaporn Lertsakchai, Sukeesom Jiramahasuwan, Achara Tawatsin, Athipoo Nuntaprasert

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The PRRS virus and PED alpha-coronavirus are the two main pig pathogens in the world. The current strategies to control these diseases are inadequate. The recombinant chimeric swine PKR-Apaf-1 protein (rcPAP) consists of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Trans-activator transcription (HIV-TAT) domain, the dsRNA-binding domain of porcine Protein kinase R (PKR) gene and the caspase recruitment domain (CARD) domain of porcine Apoptotic Protease-Activating Factor-1 (Apaf-1) gene. In general, the rcPAP can detect viral dsRNA in virally infected cells and induces apoptosis and kills the virus-infected cells. In this study, the reducing viral-load efficacy of rcPAP (produced from bacteria) against PRRS virrus …

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Surveillance Of Zoonotic Brugia Pahangi In Monastery Cats, Samphran District, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Thanakorn Rawangchue, Nuttasiri Sripirom, Sivapong Sungpradit Mar 2022

Surveillance Of Zoonotic Brugia Pahangi In Monastery Cats, Samphran District, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand, Thanakorn Rawangchue, Nuttasiri Sripirom, Sivapong Sungpradit

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The mosquito-borne filarial nematode parasites Brugia pahangi and B. malayi have been proposed as potential zoonotic pathogens, with dogs and cats being the main reservoir hosts. The monasteries where both stray and semi-domesticated animals live often serve as areas where humans are exposed to these reservoirs. In Thailand, the prevalence of B. pahangi, particularly in infected monastery cats, is underreported. In this study, we investigated B. pahangi prevalence in cats at 24 temples in the Samphran district, Nakhon Pathom province, central Thailand. In total, 196 blood samples were collected from the cats and examined using the hematocrit capillary tube technique. …

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Comparison Of An Intra-Articular Suture Technique And A Lateral Suture Technique In Toy Breed Dogs With Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture, Sirun Tuek-Um, Chaiyakorn Thitiyanaporn, Phitchaya Phongwirat, Naris Thengchaisri Mar 2022

Comparison Of An Intra-Articular Suture Technique And A Lateral Suture Technique In Toy Breed Dogs With Cranial Cruciate Ligament Rupture, Sirun Tuek-Um, Chaiyakorn Thitiyanaporn, Phitchaya Phongwirat, Naris Thengchaisri

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CCLR) can result in inflammation, pain, lameness and osteoarthritis. Because there is no isometric point for surgical stabilization for CCLR, the anatomical replacement of the ruptured cranial cruciate ligament with synthetic material may provide better outcomes. This retrospective study compared short-term post-operative outcomes between an intra-articular suture technique and a lateral suture technique for treating CCLR in toy breed dogs. Twenty dogs with unilateral CCLR were divided into two groups. The lateral suture technique was a lateral circumfabellar tibial suture with monofilament nylon and the intra-articular suture was performed by passing a suture through the femoral …

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Shock Status And Anti-Shock Infusion Therapy In Canine Acute Spontaneous Babesiosis, Oksana Dubova, Lyudmila Kovalova, Anatolyi Dubovyi, Pavel Kovalov, Inna Chala Mar 2022

Shock Status And Anti-Shock Infusion Therapy In Canine Acute Spontaneous Babesiosis, Oksana Dubova, Lyudmila Kovalova, Anatolyi Dubovyi, Pavel Kovalov, Inna Chala

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Canine babesiosis is a serious disease that is accompanied by the development of shock. The aim of the work was to establish shock, assess its degree, as well as to conduct a clinical trial of anti-shock infusion therapy. 100 dogs of different breeds, weighing 20–40 kg, aged 2–4 years, were involved. The studies used oscillometry (blood pressure, pulse rate), assessment of vascular-platelet hemostasis (platelet count, spontaneous aggregation ability), coagulogram (prothromine and activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen), enzyme immunoassay (fibrin degradation products and D-dimer), biochemical (soluble fibrin-monomer complexes) and hemodynamic (circulating blood volume, hematocrit) methods of investigation. In dogs with acute …

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The Relationship Of Abortion, Dog Management And Neospora Caninum In Dairy Herds In Taiwan, Hsu-Hsun Lee, Chen-Chih Chen, Yi-Lun Tsai, Shyh-Shyan Liu, Po-An Yueh, Huan-Yu Hsu, Ai-Mei Chang Mar 2022

The Relationship Of Abortion, Dog Management And Neospora Caninum In Dairy Herds In Taiwan, Hsu-Hsun Lee, Chen-Chih Chen, Yi-Lun Tsai, Shyh-Shyan Liu, Po-An Yueh, Huan-Yu Hsu, Ai-Mei Chang

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Neospora caninum (N. caninum) has caused an abortion storm in dairy herds for two decades in Taiwan. There is no effective medicine for N. caninum infection for livestock, therefore, prevention by farm management is very important. The risk factors for N. caninum infection in Taiwan is still unclear. Dogs are the common definitive hosts of N. caninum on farms. This study aims to estimate the sero-prevalence and detection of N. caninum DNA in 361 pregnant dairy cows and establish an effective strategy to prevent abortion caused by N. caninum in dairy farms in Taiwan by logistic regression. The sero-prevalence of …

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Trace Elements, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers And Hemato-Biochemical Indices Of Goat Kids Affected With Nutritional Dependent Locomotor Disturbances, Issam Eljalii, Taha Fouda, Wael El-Deeb, Abdulaziz Almujalli, Sabry M. El-Bahr Mar 2022

Trace Elements, Oxidative Stress Biomarkers And Hemato-Biochemical Indices Of Goat Kids Affected With Nutritional Dependent Locomotor Disturbances, Issam Eljalii, Taha Fouda, Wael El-Deeb, Abdulaziz Almujalli, Sabry M. El-Bahr

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study aimed to investigate the biomedical significant of trace elements, oxidative stress and hemato-biochemical indices in the diagnosis of locomotor disturbances of affected goat kids. Blood samples were collected from 22 goat kids affected with locomotor disturbances. An equal number of healthy goat kids was used as a control. Clinical examination showed anemia and an incoordination in affected animals compared to the control. Malondialdehyde (MDA), creatine kinase (CK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values were significantly higher in affected animals than in the control, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) values were significantly lower. Concentrations of copper (Cu), …

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Effects Of Atipamezole And Flumazenil On Stress-Related Hormonal And Metabolic Responses In Cats Anesthetized With Medetomidine, Midazolam, Ketamine And Isoflurane Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy And Castration, Hirokazu Kamohara, Toshiko Kamohara, Yoshiaki Hikasa Mar 2022

Effects Of Atipamezole And Flumazenil On Stress-Related Hormonal And Metabolic Responses In Cats Anesthetized With Medetomidine, Midazolam, Ketamine And Isoflurane Undergoing Ovariohysterectomy And Castration, Hirokazu Kamohara, Toshiko Kamohara, Yoshiaki Hikasa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study examined the post-operative effects of atipamezole (Ati) and flumazenil (Flu) on stress-related neurohormonal and metabolic responses in isoflurane-anesthetized cats premedicated with medetomidine, midazolam and ketamine and undergoing ovariohysterectomy or castration. Client-owned mixed-breed cats (n = 108) were treated with 50-μg/kg medetomidine and 0.5-mg/kg midazolam, followed by 5-mg/kg ketamine (MMK) intramuscularly (IM) and maintained under isoflurane anesthesia. The cats were divided into nine groups (six cats/group): control (saline IM), 50-μg/kg Flu IM or intravenously (IV), 100-μg/kg Ati IM or IV, 200-μg/kg Ati IM, 100-μg/kg Ati + 50-μg/kg Flu IM or IV and 200-μg/kg Ati + 50-μg/kg Flu IM. Five …

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The Validation Of Haemagglutinin Inhibition Test For The Detection Of Antibodies Against Canine Influenza Virus In A Guinea Pig Serum Model, Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat, Supassama Chaiyawong, Nutthawan Nonthabenjawan, Kamonpan Charoenkul, Taveesak Janethanakij, Duangduen Prakairungnamthip, Wittawat Wechtaisong, Supanat Boonyapisitsopa, Napawan Bunpapong, Alongkorn Amonsin Mar 2022

The Validation Of Haemagglutinin Inhibition Test For The Detection Of Antibodies Against Canine Influenza Virus In A Guinea Pig Serum Model, Ratanaporn Tangwangvivat, Supassama Chaiyawong, Nutthawan Nonthabenjawan, Kamonpan Charoenkul, Taveesak Janethanakij, Duangduen Prakairungnamthip, Wittawat Wechtaisong, Supanat Boonyapisitsopa, Napawan Bunpapong, Alongkorn Amonsin

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

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Biomechanical Analysis Of Atlantoaxial Dorsal Fixation Using Finite Element Models, Beomju Bae, Dongwook Kim, Hyejong Oh, Gonhyung Kim Mar 2022

Biomechanical Analysis Of Atlantoaxial Dorsal Fixation Using Finite Element Models, Beomju Bae, Dongwook Kim, Hyejong Oh, Gonhyung Kim

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Atlantoaxial instability can cause spinal cord compression with clinical signs ranging from cervical pain to tetraplegia and death. Although a variety of dorsal fixation techniques have been described, some of them have been related to the fracture of the dorsal arch of the atlas, leading to surgical failure. Under the hypothesis that the shape of the dorsal arch of the atlas and types of implants might affect these bone fractures, the objective of this study was to analyze bone stresses through simulations of the dorsal fixation using finite element models. Arbitrary tension forces were given to implants for simulations of …

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Low Colostrum Immunoglobulin G Concentration In Saanen Dams With Seropositive To Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus Infection Without Affecting Kid Growth Rate, Chollada Buranakarl, Sumpun Thammacharoen, Kazuo Katoh Mar 2022

Low Colostrum Immunoglobulin G Concentration In Saanen Dams With Seropositive To Caprine Arthritis Encephalitis Virus Infection Without Affecting Kid Growth Rate, Chollada Buranakarl, Sumpun Thammacharoen, Kazuo Katoh

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Caprine arthritis encephalitis (CAE) is one of the most pervasive diseases and causes economic damages both to health and milk production. Data on colostral quality and kids’ growth rate of CAE-seropositive CAE dams is limited. The aims of the present study were, 1) to investigate the general components including insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), immunoglobulin G (IgG) and Vitamin A (Vit A) in colostrum and 2) to determine the effect of the separation of kids born from CAE-seropositive mothers and fed heat-processed colostrum and milk on the growth rate of the kids of Saanen goats. The colostrum of dams with …

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Complete Genome Sequence Of A Novel Recombinant Muscovy Duck Parvovirus Isolated In The Heilongjiang Province Of China, Jing Yang, Ming Li, Tianfei Yu Mar 2022

Complete Genome Sequence Of A Novel Recombinant Muscovy Duck Parvovirus Isolated In The Heilongjiang Province Of China, Jing Yang, Ming Li, Tianfei Yu

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Muscovy duck parvovirus (MDPV) is fatal for young ducklings of less than 3 weeks of age and has caused severe economic loss in duck production in many countries and regions. We report here on a complete genome sequence of a recombinant MDPV strain YL08 isolated from an ill Muscovy duck in 2008 at Qiqihar, Heilongjiang province, China. This genome, MDPV YL08, was 5061 nucleotides long and retained the two ORFs, which are typical in the Parvovirinae family. The genome of YL08 strain has a putative recombination breakpoint on its VP1 gene. This study has helped our understanding of the genetic …

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Clinical Characteristics, Antimicrobial Resistance And Treatment Outcomes Of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia Coli Infection In Dogs And Cats At A Veterinary Teaching Hospital In Thailand, Jeerawat Soonthornsit, Sukanya Apiratwarrasakul, Nathita Phumthanakorn Mar 2022

Clinical Characteristics, Antimicrobial Resistance And Treatment Outcomes Of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia Coli Infection In Dogs And Cats At A Veterinary Teaching Hospital In Thailand, Jeerawat Soonthornsit, Sukanya Apiratwarrasakul, Nathita Phumthanakorn

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This retrospective study investigated the clinical characteristics of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and its antimicrobial resistance phenotypes and analyzed the treatment outcomes of MDR E. coli infection in dogs and cats. The medical data of dogs and cats diagnosed in 2020 with E. coli infection at a veterinary teaching hospital were analyzed. Of 94 cases, the frequency of MDR E. coli (66%) infection was higher than that of non-MDR E. coli (34%). MDR E. coli was significantly more frequently detected in female dogs than non-MDR E. coli (P < 0.026). The most frequent MDR E. coli isolation sites were the urinary tract in dogs and skin wounds in cats. MDR E. coli isolates from dogs were highly resistant to ampicillin (96.1%), enrofloxacin (80.4%) and tetracycline (78.4%). Resistance to ampicillin (100%), enrofloxacin (90.9%), marbofloxacin (72.7%) and tetracycline (72.7%) occurred frequently in MDR E. coli isolates from cats. Low resistance to amikacin was detected in the MDR E. coli isolates from dogs and cats. The rates of clinical cure and non-clinical cure of the MDR E. coli and non-MDR E. coli cases were not significantly different. The duration of antimicrobial treatment for MDR E. coli was significantly longer in cats (12.6 ± 5.85 days) than in non-MDR E. coli cases (7 ± 0 days) (P < 0.048). Adjunctive therapy was prescribed more frequently in MDR E. coli (20%) than non-MDR E. coli cases (8.3%). The presence of MDR E. coli was high in this study. High resistance to commonly used antimicrobial drugs and treatment complications was observed in this study.

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A Dorsal Sling Technique In A Dermoid Sinus Dog With Nuchal Ligament Excision, Nithida Boonwittaya, Pakthorn Lewchalermwong, Kanokwan Keadwut Mar 2022

A Dorsal Sling Technique In A Dermoid Sinus Dog With Nuchal Ligament Excision, Nithida Boonwittaya, Pakthorn Lewchalermwong, Kanokwan Keadwut

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A dorsal sling technique for correction of nuchal ligament excision in a dermoid sinus canine case is presented in this report. At surgery, there were multiple tubes of the dermoid sinus tracts of different types. The nuchal sinus was treated using a segmental resection at the area of involvement and a dorsal sling technique was performed. The dog recovered uneventfully and regained normal daily activities within a short time after surgery. The technique was accomplished as evaluated by non-pain normal motion of the cervical region and no complications were found during the follow-up period. This is the first report on …

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Acetylsalicylic Acid Suppresses Alcoholism-Induced Cognitive Impairment Associated With Atorvastatin Intake By Targeting Cerebral Mirna155 And Nlrp3: In Vivo, And In Silico Study, Doaa I. Mohamed, Dalia Alaa El-Din Aly El-Waseef, Enas S. Nabih, Omnyah A. El-Kharashi, Hanaa F. Abd El-Kareem, Hebatallah H. Abo Nahas, Basel A. Abdel-Wahab, Yosra A. Helmy, Samar Zuhair Alshawwa, Essa M. Saied Feb 2022

Acetylsalicylic Acid Suppresses Alcoholism-Induced Cognitive Impairment Associated With Atorvastatin Intake By Targeting Cerebral Mirna155 And Nlrp3: In Vivo, And In Silico Study, Doaa I. Mohamed, Dalia Alaa El-Din Aly El-Waseef, Enas S. Nabih, Omnyah A. El-Kharashi, Hanaa F. Abd El-Kareem, Hebatallah H. Abo Nahas, Basel A. Abdel-Wahab, Yosra A. Helmy, Samar Zuhair Alshawwa, Essa M. Saied

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

Alcoholism is one of the most common diseases that can lead to the development of several chronic diseases including steatosis, and cognitive dysfunction. Statins are lipid-lowering drugs that are commonly prescribed for patients with fatty liver diseases; however, the exact effect of statins on cognitive function is still not fully understood. In the present study, we have investigated the molecular and microscopic basis of cognitive impairment induced by alcohol and/or Atorvastatin (ATOR) administration to male Wistar albino rats and explored the possible protective effect of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). The biochemical analysis indicated that either alcohol or ATOR or together in …

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Vaccinia Virus Arrests And Shifts The Cell Cycle, Caroline K. Martin, Jerzy Samolej, Annabel T. Olson, Cosetta Bertoli, Matthew S. Wiebe, Robertus A. M. De Bruin, Jason Mercer Feb 2022

Vaccinia Virus Arrests And Shifts The Cell Cycle, Caroline K. Martin, Jerzy Samolej, Annabel T. Olson, Cosetta Bertoli, Matthew S. Wiebe, Robertus A. M. De Bruin, Jason Mercer

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Modulation of the host cell cycle is a common strategy used by viruses to create a proreplicative environment. To facilitate viral genome replication, vaccinia virus (VACV) has been reported to alter cell cycle regulation and trigger the host cell DNA damage response. However, the cellular factors and viral effectors that mediate these changes remain unknown. Here, we set out to investigate the effect of VACV infection on cell proliferation and host cell cycle progression. Using a subset of VACV mutants, we characterise the stage of infection required for inhibition of cell proliferation and define the viral effectors required to dysregulate …

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A Review Of The Impacts Of Invasive Wild Pigs On Native Vertebrates, Matthew T. Mcdonough, Stephen S. Ditchkoff, Mark D. Smith, Kurt C. Vercauteren Feb 2022

A Review Of The Impacts Of Invasive Wild Pigs On Native Vertebrates, Matthew T. Mcdonough, Stephen S. Ditchkoff, Mark D. Smith, Kurt C. Vercauteren

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The wild pig (Sus scrofa) is a successful invasive species that has become well established outside of its native range in Eurasia. The invasive wild pig is the result of released or escaped domesticated livestock becoming feral, or Eurasian boar introduced for hunting purposes. The global spread of wild pigs has recently been exacerbated in some areas, such as the USA, by anthropogenically assisted dispersal. Once established in novel ecosystems, wild pigs have the potential to have significant negative impacts on the ecosystem, and the scientific literature is replete with examples. It is generally accepted that wild pigs …

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Use Of A Direct, Rapid Immunohistochemical Test For Diagnosis Of Rabies Virus In Bats, Charles E. Rupprecht, Lolita Van Pelt, April D. Davis, Richard B. Chipman, David L. Bergman Feb 2022

Use Of A Direct, Rapid Immunohistochemical Test For Diagnosis Of Rabies Virus In Bats, Charles E. Rupprecht, Lolita Van Pelt, April D. Davis, Richard B. Chipman, David L. Bergman

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Rabies, a zoonotic encephalitis due to transmission of a lyssavirus, such as rabies virus (RABV), has the highest case fatality of any infectious disease. A global program for the elimination of human rabies caused by dogs is proposed for realization by 2030. Sensitive, specific, and inexpensive diagnostic tests are necessary for enhanced surveillance to detect infection, inform public health and veterinary professionals during risk assessments of exposure, and support overall programmatic goals. Multiple laboratory techniques are used to confirm a suspect case of rabies. One method for the detection of lyssavirus antigens within the brain is the direct rapid immunohistochemical …

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Parasite Dynamics In Untreated Horses Through One Calendar Year, Ashley E. Steuer, Haley P. Anderson, Taylor Shepherd, Morgan Clark, Jessica A. Scare, Holli S. Gravatte, Martin K. Nielsen Feb 2022

Parasite Dynamics In Untreated Horses Through One Calendar Year, Ashley E. Steuer, Haley P. Anderson, Taylor Shepherd, Morgan Clark, Jessica A. Scare, Holli S. Gravatte, Martin K. Nielsen

Veterinary Science Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Horses are host to a plethora of parasites. Knowledge of the seasonality of parasite egg shedding and transmission is important for constructing parasite control programs. However, studies describing these patterns are sparse, and have largely been conducted only in the United Kingdom. This study evaluated strongylid egg shedding patterns and transmission dynamics of Strongylus vulgaris in naturally infected and untreated mares and foals through one calendar year in Kentucky, USA. The study also investigated the existence of a peri-parturient rise (PPR) in strongylid egg counts in foaling mares and collected information about Strongyloides westeri and Parascaris spp. in the …

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Optimizing Management Of Invasions In An Uncertain World Using Dynamic Spatial Models, Kim M. Pepin, Amy J. Davis, Rebecca S. Epanchin-Niell, Andrew M. Gormley, Joslin L. Moore, Timothy J. Smyser, H. Bradley Shaffer, William L. Kendall, Katriona Shea, Michael C. Runge, Sophie Mckee Feb 2022

Optimizing Management Of Invasions In An Uncertain World Using Dynamic Spatial Models, Kim M. Pepin, Amy J. Davis, Rebecca S. Epanchin-Niell, Andrew M. Gormley, Joslin L. Moore, Timothy J. Smyser, H. Bradley Shaffer, William L. Kendall, Katriona Shea, Michael C. Runge, Sophie Mckee

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Dispersal drives invasion dynamics of nonnative species and pathogens. Applying knowledge of dispersal to optimize the management of invasions can mean the difference between a failed and a successful control program and dramatically improve the return on investment of control efforts. A common approach to identifying optimal management solutions for invasions is to optimize dynamic spatial models that incorporate dispersal. Optimizing these spatial models can be very challenging because the interaction of time, space, and uncertainty rapidly amplifies the number of dimensions being considered. Addressing such problems requires advances in and the integration of techniques from multiple fields, including ecology, …

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An Efficient Method Of Evaluating Multiple Concurrent Management Actions On Invasive Populations, Amy J. Davis, Randy Farrar, Brad Jump, Parker Hall, Travis Guerrant, Kim M. Pepin Feb 2022

An Efficient Method Of Evaluating Multiple Concurrent Management Actions On Invasive Populations, Amy J. Davis, Randy Farrar, Brad Jump, Parker Hall, Travis Guerrant, Kim M. Pepin

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Evaluating the efficacy of management actions to control invasive species is crucial for maintaining funding and to provide feedback for the continual improvement of management efforts. However, it is often difficult to assess the efficacy of control methods due to limited resources for monitoring. Managers may view effort on monitoring as effort taken away from performing management actions. We developed a method to estimate invasive species abundance, evaluate management effectiveness, and evaluate population growth over time from a combination of removal activities (e.g., trapping, ground shooting) using only data collected during removal efforts (method of removal, date, location, number of …

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Economics Of Cormorant Predation On Catfish Farms, Carole Engle, Ganesh Kumar, Terrel Christie, Brian S. Dorr, Brian Davis, Luke Roy, Anita Kelly Feb 2022

Economics Of Cormorant Predation On Catfish Farms, Carole Engle, Ganesh Kumar, Terrel Christie, Brian S. Dorr, Brian Davis, Luke Roy, Anita Kelly

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The Double-crested Cormorant is the primary avian predator on catfish farms causing significant economic losses primarily due to 1) on-farm expenditures related to bird-management activities and 2) value of the catfish lost to cormorants. This comprehensive economic study quantified these two economic effects by surveying catfish farms in the delta regions of Mississippi and Arkansas. On-farm expenditures for bird scaring were used to quantify bird-management costs. Economic losses from fish consumed by cormorants were quantified by evaluating data from field studies of the abundance, distribution, and diet of cormorants in the Mississippi delta. This study found that catfish farmers …

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Clinical Outcomes Of Immunomodulatory Therapies In The Management Of Covid-19: A Tertiary-Care Experience From Pakistan, Noreen Nasir, Salma Tajuddin, Sarah Khaskheli, Naveera Khan, Hammad Niamatullah, Nosheen Nasir Jan 2022

Clinical Outcomes Of Immunomodulatory Therapies In The Management Of Covid-19: A Tertiary-Care Experience From Pakistan, Noreen Nasir, Salma Tajuddin, Sarah Khaskheli, Naveera Khan, Hammad Niamatullah, Nosheen Nasir

Section of Internal Medicine

The pharmacological management of COVID-19 has evolved significantly and various immunomodulatory agents have been repurposed. However, the clinical efficacy has been variable and a search for cure for COVID-19 continues. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 916 patients hospitalized with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 between February 2020 and October 2020 at a tertiary care academic medical center in Karachi, Pakistan. The median age was 57 years (interquartile range (IQR) 46–66 years). The most common medications administered were Methylprednisolone (65.83%), Azithromycin (50.66%), and Dexamethasone (46.6%). Majority of the patients (70%) had at least two or more medications used in …

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Evaluation Of Bioactive Properties Of Lipophilic Fractions Of Edible And Non-Edible Parts Of Nasturtium Officinale (Watercress) In A Model Of Human Malignant Melanoma Cells, Sotiris Kyriakou, Venetia Tragkola, Heba Alghol, Ioannis Anestopoulos, Tom Amery, Kyle Stewart, Paul G. Winyard, Dimitrios T. Trafalis, Rodrigo Franco, Aglaia Pappa, Mihalis I. Panayiotidis Jan 2022

Evaluation Of Bioactive Properties Of Lipophilic Fractions Of Edible And Non-Edible Parts Of Nasturtium Officinale (Watercress) In A Model Of Human Malignant Melanoma Cells, Sotiris Kyriakou, Venetia Tragkola, Heba Alghol, Ioannis Anestopoulos, Tom Amery, Kyle Stewart, Paul G. Winyard, Dimitrios T. Trafalis, Rodrigo Franco, Aglaia Pappa, Mihalis I. Panayiotidis

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Watercress is an enriched source of phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), among other phytochemicals, with an antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study was to (i) chemically characterize and (ii) biologically evaluate the profile of the main health-promoting compounds contained in edible (i.e., mixture of leaves and lateral buds) and non-edible (i.e., stems) parts of watercress in an in vitro model of malignant melanoma consisting of human malignant melanoma (A375), non-melanoma (A431) and keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. The extraction of the main constituents of watercress was performed by subjecting the freeze-dried edible and non-edible samples through different extraction protocols, whereas their concentration was …

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Identity, Gender, And Tracking: The Reality Of Boundaries For Veterinary Students, Jenny R. Vermilya Jan 2022

Identity, Gender, And Tracking: The Reality Of Boundaries For Veterinary Students, Jenny R. Vermilya

New Directions in the Human-Animal Bond

Using in-depth interviews with veterinary students, Identity, Gender, and Tracking: The Reality of Boundaries for Veterinary Students explores the experience of enrollment in an educational program that tracks students based on the species of animals that they wish to treat. The identity of a veterinarian is one characterized by care; thus, students have to construct different definitions of care, creating a system of power and inequality. Tracking produces multiple boundaries for veterinary students, which has consequences not just for the veterinarian, but also for the treatment of animals. Written for administrators and students alike, Identity, Gender, and Tracking sheds light …

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Harnessing Mycobacterium Bovis Bcg Trained Immunity To Control Human And Bovine Babesiosis, Reginaldo G. Bastos, Heba F. Alzan, Vignesh A. Rathinasamy, Brian M. Cooke, Odir A. Dellagostin, Raul G. Barletta, Carlos E. Suarez Jan 2022

Harnessing Mycobacterium Bovis Bcg Trained Immunity To Control Human And Bovine Babesiosis, Reginaldo G. Bastos, Heba F. Alzan, Vignesh A. Rathinasamy, Brian M. Cooke, Odir A. Dellagostin, Raul G. Barletta, Carlos E. Suarez

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Babesiosis is a disease caused by tickborne hemoprotozoan apicomplexan parasites of the genus Babesia that negatively impacts public health and food security worldwide. Development of effective and sustainable vaccines against babesiosis is currently hindered in part by the absence of definitive host correlates of protection. Despite that, studies in Babesia microti and Babesia bovis, major causative agents of human and bovine babesiosis, respectively, suggest that early activation of innate immune responses is crucial for vertebrates to survive acute infection. Trained immunity (TI) is defined as the development of memory in vertebrate innate immune cells, allowing more efficient responses to subsequent …

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