Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Intercontinental Movement Of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza A(H5n1) Clade 2.3.4.4 Virus To The United States, 2021, Sarah N. Bevins, Susan A. Shriner, James C. Cumbee Jr., Krista E. Dilione, Kelly E. Douglass, Jeremy W. Ellis, Mary Lea Killian, Mia K. Torchetti, Julianna B. Lenoch

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

We detected Eurasian-origin highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus belonging to the Gs/GD lineage, clade 2.3.4.4b, in wild waterfowl in 2 Atlantic coastal states in the United States. Bird banding data showed widespread movement of waterfowl within the Atlantic Flyway and between neighboring flyways and northern breeding grounds.

What Is The Prevalence Of Dirofilaria Immitis (Dog Heartworm) In Invasive Aedes Mosquitoes?, Leen Yousef, Johan Espinoza Corrales, Daniela H. Dolar, Taylor K. Trieu, Aisha Popalzai, Agamchat Dhami

Pacific Undergraduate Research and Creativity Conference (PURCC)

No abstract provided.

Evaluating The Microbial Quality And Use Of Antimicrobials In Raw Pet Foods, Leslie Pearl Cancio

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Raw meat-based diets (RMBDs) are emerging pet foods that pose food safety risks because of the potential presence of pathogens that could cause illness to humans. In this research, the microbial quality of select RMBD products sold by pet food companies online and the use of chemical antimicrobials to reduce the microbial load in chicken liver, a common RMBD ingredient, were evaluated.

Ground meat blends and livers from four animal species (beef, pork, chicken, turkey) were purchased from four online companies that delivers directly to consumers through parcel businesses. Products were procured at three different times during one year and …

Individual Trophic Niche Specialization In American Beaver (Castor Canadensis), Jimmy Taylor, Robert Francis, Scott Rush, Bronson Strickland, Guiming Wang

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

The American beaver (Castor canadensis) has been described as a choosy generalist at the species/population scale, yet observational studies have shown little variation in diet among individuals. We compared isotopic values of δ¹³C or δ¹⁵N taken from hair of 32 beaver, representing seven colonies in northern Alabama, USA to determine 1) if colonies of beaver show overlap in isotopic niche width as a result of the similar use of food resources and 2) if individual trophic niche specialization occurs within colonies. Total Trophic Niche Width varied across the wetland with the widest being twice …

Intra-Articular Buprenorphine In Horses, Gabriel Castro-Cuellar Dr

LSU Master's Theses

Opioid drugs have the potential of provide local analgesia in inflamed joints. To date, morphine is the only opioid that has been tested for intra-articular (IA) administration in horses. Having an alternative drug, other than morphine, could widen the therapeutic options, particularly in cases of drug shortages or inaccessibility to specific drugs. The work presented in this dissertation reports the cytotoxic effects of buprenorphine on cultured equine chondrocytes, and the pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic and analgesic effects, of IA administered buprenorphine in horses with experimentally induced synovitis.

To evaluate the potential cytotoxic effects on equine cartilage, chondrocytes were obtained from normal equine …

Polydactyly In Cats, Rosa Benson, Cassie Morris, Leaha Mancuso, Bernardo Mesa

Harrisburg University Research Symposium: Highlighting Research, Innovation, & Creativity

Polydactyly is a genetic condition in which a cat is born with more than the typical number of toes. It is a dominant genetic mutation and is fairly common in cats. (Class Project)

Editorial: Special Issue “Innovative Techniques And Approaches In The Control And Prevention Of Rabies Virus”, Amy T. Gilbert, Ryan M. Wallace, Charles E. Rupprecht

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Rabies is an ancient lethal scourge that has plagued humankind for centuries. Globally, 60,000 human deaths are estimated to occur each year from rabies virus (RABV) transmission in domestic dogs, mostly affecting children. While rabies is recognized as a neglected disease, there is cause for optimism in the context of growing global recognition, collaboration and commitment to advance a tripartite agenda to eliminate human deaths transmitted from rabid dogs by 2030, also known as “Zero By Thirty” (ZBT). Nevertheless, the ZBT goal must also confront competing challenge(s) of tracking and mitigating human morbidity and mortality during a global pandemic caused …

Can We Use Antipredator Behavior Theory To Predict Wildlife Responses To High-Speed Vehicles?, Ryan B. Lunn, Bradley Blackwell, Travis L. Devault, Esteban Fernández-Juricic

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Animals seem to rely on antipredator behavior to avoid vehicle collisions. There is an extensive body of antipredator behavior theory that have been used to predict the distance/time animals should escape from predators. These models have also been used to guide empirical research on escape behavior from vehicles. However, little is known as to whether antipredator behavior models are appropriate to apply to an approaching high-speed vehicle scenario. We addressed this gap by (a) providing an overview of the main hypotheses and predictions of different antipredator behavior models via a literature review, (b) exploring whether these models can generate quantitative …

A Novel Endo Gia™ Staple Cartridge For Canine Lung Lobectomies, Alissa St. Blanc

LSU Master's Theses

The canine lungs are well suited for ventilation, gas exchange, and gas transport. In diseased states, changes within bronchi and pulmonary parenchyma alter the blood-gas interface. Diagnostic workups to characterize pulmonary disease may include blood gas analysis, bronchoalveolar lavage, tracheobronchoscopy, radiography and/or computed tomography. Surgical pulmonary diseases include cysts, bullae, and blebs; congenital anomalies; consolidation or abscessation; bronchiectasis; lacerations; lung lobe torsions; and neoplasia. Surgical options may include laceration repair, partial or total lung lobectomy, and pneumonectomy. These options are most commonly utilized in cases that fail medical management. Lung lobectomies were originally performed using suture ligation. Stapling devices have …

Biomechanical Comparisons Of Metacarpophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis Techniques In The Horse, Lawrence Ivan M. Kadic

LSU Master's Theses

INTRODUCTION - Break down injuries resulting in the disruption of the suspensory apparatus, or the development of moderate to severe osteoarthritis of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and/or metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, are well documented reasons to perform a surgical arthrodesis in horses. The objective of this thesis was to compare the biomechanical characteristics of different arthrodesis techniques for the equine MCP joint.

MATERIALS AND METHODS - The first cadaveric study evaluated the biomechanical properties of two constructs with 5.5 mm broad 10-hole LCP alone or in combination with a 2.0 mm stainless-steel cable under cyclic fatigue testing and single cycle to failure …

Antibody Dependent Enhancement Of Infectious Bronchitis Virus In Poultry, Zachary Hamilton, Barry Simpson, Donald L. Reynolds

UCARE: Research Products

Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a coronavirus infection of chickens that causes respiratory disease and reproductive problems in chickens. Currently, there are vaccines that are effective against IB. However, new variants and strains of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) routinely emerge. A vaccine that is not the same strain as the virus is not completely effective in protecting against other variants because the vaccine will not allow the host antibodies to completely neutralize the strain. This is a problem because it makes IB difficult to control and diagnose.

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) is a phenomenon whereby non-neutralizing antibodies, or low levels …

The Effects Of Dietary Interventions On Adverse Outcomes In Obese, Preeclamptic-Like Bph/5 Female Mice, Morgan Alston

Honors Capstones

No abstract provided.

Evaluation Of Protective Efficacy Of Viral Vector Based Swine Influenza Vaccine And A Method For B Cell Culture For Monoclonal Antibody Generation, Sushmita Kumari

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Influenza A virus of the swine (IAV-S) is an economically important swine pathogen that has the potential to spread to humans, thus posing an ongoing public health concern due to its zoonotic potential. Hemagglutinin (HA), the most abundant viral envelope protein, is known to be the key protective antigen. Anti-HA antibodies alone, have been shown to prevent IAV infection. In this study we evaluated the feasibility of a recombinant tri segmented Pichinde virus (PICV) as a viral vector to deliver IAV-S hemagglutinin antigen in pigs. Four groups of weaned pigs (T01-04) were immunized twice with PBS, rPICV-GFP as a vector …

European Starling Use Of Nest Boxes Relative To Human Disturbance, Bradley Blackwell, Bruce N. Buckingham, Morgan B. Pfeiffer

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

gars and to engine and flight surfaces of moored aircraft. We questioned whether consistent removal of nest material would negatively affect use of a nest site, measured by a reduction in material accumulation. We conducted our study on a 2,200-ha site in Erie County, Ohio, USA (41° 22’ N, 82° 41’ W), from April 15 through June 2, 2020. We used 120 wooden nest boxes on utility poles, protected by an aluminum predator guard below the box. Our treatments included (1) twice weekly, repeated nest material removal (RMR; n = 40 nest boxes); (2) complete nest removal, but only after …

Understanding Continent-Wide Variation In Vulture Ranging Behavior To Assess Feasibility Of Vulture Safe Zones In Africa: Challenges And Possibilities, Adam Kane, Ara Monadjem, H. K.Ortwin Aschenborn, Keith Bildstein, André Botha, Claire Bracebridge, Evan R. Buechley, Ralph Buij, John P. Davies, Maria Diekmann, Colleen T. Downs, Nina Farwig, Toby Galligan, Gregory Kaltenecker, Chris Kelly, Ryno Kemp, Holger Kolberg, Monique L. Mackenzie, John Mendelsohn, Msafiri Mgumba, Ran Nathan, Aaron Nicholas, Darcy Ogada, Morgan Pfeiffer, W. Louis Phipps, Matteuns D. Pretorius, Sascha Rösner, Dana G. Schabo, Gabriel Lita Shatumbu, Orr Spiegel, Lindy J. Thompson, Jan A. Venter, Munir Virani, Kerri Wolter, Corinne J. Kendall

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Protected areas are intended as tools in reducing threats to wildlife and preserving habitat for their long-term population persistence. Studies on ranging behavior provide insight into the utility of protected areas. Vultures are one of the fastest declining groups of birds globally and are popular subjects for telemetry studies, but continent-wide studies are lacking. To address how vultures use space and identify the areas and location of possible vulture safe zones, we assess home range size and their overlap with protected areas by species, age, breeding status, season, and region using a large continent-wide telemetry datasets that includes 163 individuals …

Economic Consequences Of The Wolf Comeback In The Western United States, Dana Hoag, Stewart W. Breck, Kevin Crooks, Becky Niemiec

United States Department of Agriculture Wildlife Services: Staff Publications

Gray wolves were eradicated from most of the United States in the 1940’s but have made a comeback in parts of their historic range over the last two decades. First reintroduced into the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and central Idaho in the mid-1990’s, wolves have subsequently dispersed into at least 7 western states. Coloradoans became the latest state to take interest in bolstering wolf populations, as residents passed a ballot initiative in November 2020 to reintroduce a self-sustaining population of gray wolves by the end of 2023. Conflicts between people in rural areas that might incur costs (such as livestock loss) …

Strengthening Information Literacy Through (Online) Conversation, Kelly Weigand, Antonia Jameson Jordan

Georgia International Conference on Information Literacy

There are many controversies surrounding the use of animals for food, and we have observed that veterinary students are interested in deeper consideration of the ethical, moral, and practical implications associated with animal agriculture. Guided by the ACRL Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education, we developed a discussion-based course focused on the complex issue of consuming animal products to provide practice in seeking and critically evaluating sources.

The course met weekly for eight weeks. Prior to each session, students submitted a brief reflection on the assigned readings and videos, and provided citations for additional relevant materials. Class sessions were …

Tick Surveillance And Pathogen Detection In Eastern South Dakota, Holly E. Black

Honors Thesis

Tick-borne diseases threaten the health of humans, animals, and ecosystems, but surveillance efforts are lacking in some regions. Throughout 2019, 2020, and 2021, we conducted tick surveys aimed at determining the status of the black-legged tick (Ixodes scapularis), the American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis) and the lone star tick (Amblyoma americanum) in eastern South Dakota. Each year, ticks were collected using a flagging method and identified in the lab. A subset were tested for the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease, by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Dermacentor variabilis was the most commonly identified tick, …

Evaluation Of Nitrite Concentration In Edible Bird’S Nest (White, Yellow, Orange, And Red Blood), Siti Gusti Ningrum, Bagus Uda Palgunad, Rochiman Sasmita

Makara Journal of Science

The color of edible bird’s nest is associated with its nitrite concentration, but this relationship remains inconclusive. This investigation aimed to evaluate the nitrite content in edible bird’s nest of four different colors: white, yellow, orange, and red blood. Fifty-eight edible bird’s nest samples were obtained from five swiftlet farmhouses in Borneo Island, Indonesia and analyzed for nitrite content using Genesys 30 visible spectrophotometer. Results showed that the dark-colored edible bird’s nests (yellow, orange, and red blood) had higher nitrite concentrations of 304, 317, and 309 ppm, respectively, compared with the white-colored one (15 ppm). Therefore, the color of edible …

Novel Roles For Viral Gpcrs In Cmv Latency And Immunity, Timothy White

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread, highly prevalent pathogen with severe consequences in vulnerable populations. HCMV and the related murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) encode multiple G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) homologs which are involved in latency, immune evasion, and tissue tropism and dissemination. In this work, we investigate the mechanisms of two CMV-encoded GPCR homologs, HCMV US28 and MCMV M33, in latency and T cell immune evasion. Chapter 2 describes the isolation and immortalization of a salivary gland-derived mesenchymal cell line, termed mSGM. These cells are permissive to MCMV infection and express all three BALB/c mouse MHC class I isotypes, making them …

Livestock Performance In Response To High Intensity Rotational Grazing System, Austin Kennedy

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

The production of livestock is composed of a variety of factors all effecting the outcome. For grazing livestock, a key factor in production is the grazing management system. Two of the most common grazing management systems are continuous grazing and rotational grazing. There has been evidence found proving benefits of rotational grazing in regard to vegetation productivity, and prevention and restoration of degraded rangeland. However, there is a lack of clear evidence on the relationship between grazing system and production metrics of livestock. Understanding this relationship can provide the necessary information for livestock producers in order to increase their production …

Assessment Of Diversity Of Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotypes And Genotypes Of Mannheimia Haemolytica Isolates From Bovine Nasopharyngeal Swabs, Hannah F. Carter, Robert W. Wills, Matthew A. Scott, Alexis C. Thompson, Randall S. Singer, John Dustin Loy, Brandi B. Karisch, William B. Epperson, Amelia R. Woolums

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

The threat of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) for cattle operations is exacerbated by increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Mannheimia haemolytica, a leading cause of BRD. Characterization of AMR in M. haemolytica by culture and susceptibility testing is complicated by uncertainty regarding the number of colonies that must be selected to accurately characterize AMR phenotypes (antibiograms) and genotypes in a culture. The study objective was to assess phenotypic and genotypic diversity of M. haemolytica isolates on nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) from 28 cattle at risk for BRD or with BRD. NPS were swabbed onto five consecutive blood agar plates; …

Evaluation Of Hippocampal Allostatic Load-Associated Factors In Animal Models Of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Relevance To Human Ptsd, Dennis Parker Kelley

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with elevated allostatic load, nearly double the risk for metabolic syndrome, reduced hippocampal volume, and contextual memory processing deficits. Emerging evidence suggests that these stress effects may predispose individuals to the development of PTSD, and there is a known relationship between chronic stress and metabolic dysfunction. In this work, we utilized two rat models of PTSD to explore these connections. We used an acute predator odor stressor to investigate the relationship between PTSD-like behaviors and mitochondrial dysfunction in the hippocampus of rats, and we observed that conditioned place avoidance was associated with reduced mitochondrial …

African Swine Fever Vaccine Development: Current Status And Challenges Ahead, Sezim Monoldorova, Galina Koltsova, Ilya Titov, Inkyu Yoo, Andrey Gogin, Jonguk Jeong, Hyeon-Seop Byeon, Seungri Yun, Yunhee Chang, Shin-Seok Kang, Denis Kolbasov, Bo-Young Jeon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious, hemorrhagic and highly lethal viral disease in swine. Following the initial report of ASF in Kenya in 1921 it spread to East Asia through Western Europe and Russia (including Eastern Europe). Many efforts have been dedicated to controlling ASF but the struggle to eradicate this disease continues. Thus far, the efforts to develop an effective vaccine to control ASF have been unsuccessful. A previous inactivated ASF vaccine, developed by traditional methods, failed to protect pigs from ASF virus (ASFV) infection. Neutralizing antibodies were not effective in inducing protective immunity and it appears that …

Phylogenetic Positioning Of Listeria Ivanovii Identified In Aborted Sheep In Kars Region (Turkey), Dogan Akca, Fatih Buyuk, Elif Celik, Aliye Gulmez Saglam, Salih Otlu, Serpil Dag, Ozgur Celebi, Mustafa Reha Coskun, Eray Buyuk, Emin Karakurt, Mitat Sahin

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study aimed to investigate Listeria species in various samples taken from aborted sheep in Kars province and to determine the position of emerged strains in the phylogenetic tree. Milk (n= 229) and vaginal swab (n= 263) samples from aborted sheep and abomasum contents (n= 46) of aborted sheep fetuses were investigated by the culture and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) methods. For the phylogenetic analysis of isolates, the 16S rRNA gene region was sequenced. In the culture, the Listeria agent was not isolated from any of the vaginal swabs or milk samples. Among the 46 fetal abomasum contents, a Listeria …

Evaluation Of Changes In Some Enzymatic And Non-Enzymatic Antioxidants In Cats With Feline Panleukopenia, Afshin Behzadian, Ameneh Khoshvaghti

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Feline panleukopenia is a serious contagious viral disease of cats that has been identified as the causative agent of death in 25% of kittens sent for pathological examination. Antioxidant systems are one of the very important defense systems of body. The aim of the current study was to evaluate changes in serum levels of Vitamin D, glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase in cats infected with panleukopenia virus. Ten healthy male cats and ten male cats with clinical and laboratory symptoms of panleukopenia with a mean age of 6±2 months were selected. The Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were measured by …

Naturally Occurring Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Not Otherwise Specified (Ptcl-Nos) With Systemic Dissemination In A Beagle, Ploen Nganthavee, Phuttipan Channgam, Tanit Kasantikul, Nlin Arya, Sirintra Sirivisoot, Tuddow Thaiwong, Zachary Millman, Rungrote Osathanon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

A 6-year-old intact female Beagle dog presented with acute vomiting. Abdominal ultrasound showed abdominal lymphadenopathy, ascites and a hyperechoic mass within the pancreas. Thoracic radiographs and echocardiography revealed cardiomegaly with pericardial effusion. The dog died following rapid deterioration and a subsequent necropsy revealed a multilobulated white-to-tan mass within the pancreas, attaching to the omentum, stomach and left adrenal gland. The heart was enlarged and infiltrated by similar coalescing off-white irregular masses. Histologically, the masses consisted of infiltrative sheets of large T lymphocytes replacing the normal architecture of the heart along with the lymph nodes, pancreas, stomach, omentum, left adrenal gland, …

Indications For Canine Fecal Microbiota Transplantation, Kerong Li, Xiaoxiao Zhou, Zhijun Zhong, Haifeng Liu, Min Li, Guangneng Peng, Ziyao Zhou

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is a novel method to treat intestinal and extraintestinal diseases by transplanting the microbiota in the feces of healthy animals into the gastrointestinal tracts of patients and reconstructing intestinal flora in the patients' intestine. In this article, we reviewed the recent studies of canine FMT focusing on its indications. FMT was proved effective to treat canine Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), canine parvovirus (CPV) diarrhea and acute diarrhea; upregulate the intestinal microbiota in dogs with acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome (AHDS); and may have benefit for preventing canine post-weaning diarrhea. However, the specific FMT …

Transcutaneous Light Penetration Of Simultaneous Superpulsed And Multiple Wavelength Photobiomodulation Therapy In Living Dog Tissue, Somphong Hoisang, Suvaluk Seesupa, Supranee Jitpean, Naruepon Kampa

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is used as an adjunctive therapy for wound healing, pain relief and rehabilitation. The penetration of light to the target tissue is the crucial factor. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential penetration of simultaneous superpulsed and multiple wavelength (SPMW) PBMT on living tissue in dogs. Twenty client-owned dogs were anesthetized and underwent abdominal surgery. The PMBT device was set at 50 Hz and delivered light for 60 sec at different distances; at 0 cm (contact) and 1 cm tissue-device distance (non-contact). The power meter was placed and measured the mean output power (MOP) …

Natural Mycoplasma Bovis Infection Associated With Epithelioid Granulomatous Caseonecrotic Bronchiolitis At A Progressed Disease Stage In Calves, Mathurot Suwanruengsri, Ryoko Uemura, Uda Zahli Izzati, Takuya Kanda, Naoyuki Fuke, Masahiro Yasuda, Takuya Hirai, Ryoji Yamaguchi

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Mycoplasma bovis (M. bovis) is a pathogen that especially effects the respiratory system of cattle. We focused on the histopathological changes in the lungs caused by M. bovis because the lesions in the bronchi or bronchioles and alveoli are quite different in natural infections. Thirty-five lung samples from 2-to 12-month-old Japanese Black calves with respiratory symptoms were collected and examined for bacteria presence and pathological changes using immunohistochemistry (IHC). Using the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method, 18 of the 35 samples were found to be positive for M. bovis, which was isolated and identified. In 7 of the samples, only M. …