Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Egg Production, Egg Quality, And Cecal Microbial Populations Of Layersfed Diets Supplemented With Fermented Phytogenic Feed Additive, Jae Hong Park, Tae Hwa Song, Inho Kim

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of fermented phytogenic feed additive (FPFA) containing Gynura procumbens and Rehmannia glutinosa on egg production, egg quality, and cecal microflora population in layers. In total, 288 Hy-Line brown layers were randomly divided into 4 dietary treatment groups with 6 replicate pens per treatment group for 5 weeks. The dietary treatments were the control group (CON; basal diet without FPFA), FPFA1 (CON + 0.5% FPFA), FPFA2 (CON + 1% FPFA), and FPFA3 (CON + 2% FPFA). Egg production and egg weight during the experiment (35-39 weeks) improved linearly with the supplementation of 1% …

Serological Survey For Antibodies Against Mycobacterium Avium Complexin Hunting Dogs In East-Central Portugal, Ana Claudia Coelho, Manuela Matos, Luis Figueira, Maria De Lurdes Pinto, Juan Garcia Diez, Ana Catarina Matos

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) causes infections and diseases in humans, birds, livestock, and wildlife, among others. In dogs, MAC infection is not frequent; however, due to its potential zoonotic characteristics, mainly in immunocompromised patients, the study of MAC epidemiology is necessary. The aim of this work was to perform a study to detect the presence of antibodies against MAC in serum samples of 53 hunting dogs in the Idanha-a-Nova municipality of East-Central Portugal. A total of 23 dogs were seropositive by commercial ELISA test (43.4%, 95% CI: 30.1%-56.7%). Factors such as age, breed, and sex were not significant. The …

Comparison Of The Efficiency Of Concentrated Soluble Recombinant Phospholipase D And Natural Phospholipase D Enzymes, Asli Sakmanoğlu, Osman Ergani̇ş

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Phospholipase D (PLD) is a major virulence determinant of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis. Various studies have focused on the expression of recombinant PLD (rPLD) enzyme in different Escherichia coli strains, but generally a high yield of insoluble protein was reported. The aims of this study were to express soluble rPLD by different methods in E. coli. The rPLD and natural PLD (dPLD) enzymes were concentrated using an ultramembrane cassette system after the efficiencies of these concentrated enzymes were compared. The rPLD enzyme was expressed in One Shot®BL21(DE3) E. coli when induced by IPTG in TY medium. Soluble dPLD and rPLD enzyme hemolytic …

Supplementation Effects Of Seleno-Compounds, Carnosic Acid, And Fish Oil Onconcentrations Of Fatty Acids, Tocopherols, Cholesterol, And Amino Acids In The Livers Of Lambs, Agnieszka Justyna Rozbicka-Wieczorek, Edyta Wiesyk, Katarzyna Agnieszka Krajewska-Bienias, Krzysztof Wereszka, Marian Czauderna

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Lambs were fed a diet containing 3% rapeseed oil (RO) (the RO diet), a diet with 2% RO and 1% fish oil (FO) (the FO diet), or diets with combined additions of 2% RO, 1% FO, 0.1% carnosic acid (CA) (the CA diet), and 0.35 ppm Se as selenized yeast (SeY) (the CASeY diet) or selenate (SeVI) (the CASeVI diet). The CASeVI diet most effectively increased the body mass gain of lambs, while it most efficiently decreased the liver mass. The CASeVI diet most efficiently reduced the concentration of cholesterol and the lipid peroxidation in the liver. The CA diet …

Early Pregnancy Diagnosis Using A Commercial Elisa Test Based On Pregnancy-Associated Glycoproteins In Holstein-Friesian Heifers And Lactating Cows, Mehmet Sali̇h Kaya, Mehmet Köse, Faruk Bozkaya, Hasan Mutlu, Eyyüp Hakan Uçar, Mehmet Osman Atli

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of a commercial ELISA test kit for detecting pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) in peripheral blood for early pregnancy diagnosis and compare plasma PAG levels during early pregnancy in both Holstein-Friesian heifers and lactating cows. A total of 231 plasma samples were collected from heifers and lactating cows on days 25, 28, and 32 after insemination. Pregnancies were confirmed 30 days after the collection of plasma samples. Plasma PAG levels were measured using a commercial ELISA test kit for diagnosing bovine pregnancy. The effects of examination date and animal status (heifers vs. lactating …

The Effect Of Feeding Rhizopus Oligosporus On Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Blood Profile, Fecal Microbiota, And Fecal Score In Weanling Pigs, Jae Hong Park, Hyeok Min Yun, In Ho Kim

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Piglets were allocated to 1 of 3 treatments by body weight and sex, and fed different levels of 0%, 0.15%, and 0.30% of R. oligosporus 1.0 x 106 cfu/g, in a basal diet based on corn-soybean meal for 35 days. Piglets fed diets supplemented with R. oligosporus had higher average daily gain during days 15-35 and 1-35 (quadratic, P < 0.05). Feed conversion ratio during 1-35 days showed a significant improvement, as dietary R. oligosporus supplementation increased from 0.15% to 0.30% (linear, P < 0.05). Apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of crude protein (CP) was increased at 2 weeks, as dietary R. oligosporus supplementation increased significantly (linear and quadratic, P < 0.05), and ATTD of dry matter, CP, and energy were linearly increased at 5 weeks (P < 0.05). The serum IgG concentration was significantly increased in the R. oligosporus-fed groups (quadratic, P < 0.05). Fecal Lactobacillus counts were significantly increased quadratically and coliform bacteria counts were decreased linearly, as dietary R. oligosporus supplementation increased (P < 0.05). In conclusion, diets containing R. oligosporus may improve the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, IgG concentration, and intestinal environment in weanling pigs.

Occurrence And Antimicrobial Resistance Of Salmonella Enterica Subsp. Enterica Serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, And Typhi Isolated From Chicken Eggs And Poultry Products, Serhat Al, Harun Hizlisoy, Nurhan Ertaş Onmaz, Yeli̇z Yildirim, Zafer Gönülalan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was carried out to detect the occurrence and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovars Typhimurium, Enteritidis, and Typhi in 252 samples including 100 chicken eggs, 60 processed poultry products (20 nuggets, 20 salami samples, 20 sausages), and 92 poultry giblets (50 livers and 42 gizzards). Salmonella spp. and serovars were identified by PCR. The antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Forty-seven (31%) of 152 poultry products and 5 (5%) of 100 egg samples were positive for Salmonella spp. Salmonella spp. was positive in 3.3%, 5%, 18%, and 27% of chicken nugget, sausage, gizzard, …

Molecular Identification Of Bovine Papillomaviruses In Dairy And Beef Cattle: First Description Of Xi- And Epsilonpapillomavirus In Turkey, Veysel Soydal Ataseven, Özgür Kanat, Yaşar Ergün

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In the current study, 23 papilloma/tumor-like samples obtained from cattle having clinical lesions and 9 blood samples collected from healthy-appearing cattle in Turkey were examined for bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA using the degenerate primers FAP59/64, and the different types of BPV were distinguished by type-specific primer sets. Furthermore, histopathological studies of papillomavirus were performed. A total of 7 BPV types (BPVs 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9), including genera Deltapapillomavirus, Xipapillomavirus, and Epsilonpapillomavirus, were identified. In all samples, BPV-1 was the most common genotype (90.6%). Overall, coinfections were determined in 26 of the examined samples (81.3%), and coinfection with …

Selecting Eimeria Tenella-Resistance Markers By Comparing Resistant And Susceptible Groups Of Jinghai Yellow Chickens, Jingjing Zhang, Yuxin Lin, Guojun Dai, Tingting An, Mingming Sun, Genxi Zhang, Kaizhou Xie, Jingyu Wang

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Improving the genetic resistance of chickens to parasitic diseases is an alternative way to protect the poultry industry. To establish valid measurable in vivo parameters indicating coccidiosis resistance, 232 Jinghai Yellow chickens were randomly selected and orally infected with Eimeria tenella (1.5 x 104 sporulated oocysts per chicken). The resistant and susceptible chickens were classified based on their cecal lesion scores 8 days after infection. Ten plasma components, including antioxidant enzymes, interleukins (ILs), nitric oxide (NO), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and β-carotene, were compared among the resistant, susceptible, and control chickens (uninfected with E. tenella). The NO, superoxide dismutase (SOD), IL17, and …

Bacteria Associated With Clinical Postpartum Dysgalactia Syndrome In Farmed Sows In The Republic Of Macedonia, Branko Angjelovski, Aleksandar Cvetkovikj, Slavcho Mrenoshki, Miroslav Radeski, Iskra Cvetkovikj, Marija Ratkova, Toni Dovenski

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The objective of this study was to gather information about the prevalence of bacterial species in farmed sows, with special focus on the clinical manifestation of postpartum dysgalactia syndrome (PDS). One hundred and sixteen sows from 5 pig farms in the Republic of Macedonia were clinically examined for PDS 12?24 h after farrowing. Milk samples and vaginal swabs for bacteriological testing were taken from PDS-affected (PDSA, n = 30) and PDS-unaffected (PDSU, n = 86) sows. Escherichia coli, staphylococci, and streptococci were the predominant bacteria isolates. Escherichia coli was the most frequently found isolate, with a prevalence of 73.3% in …

Protective Effects Of S-Adenosylmethionine (Same) And Silybin On Hepatorenal And Hemostatic Functions In Dogs With Endotoxemia, Meri̇ç Kocatürk, Oya Eralp İnan, Pinar Levent, Zeki̇ Yilmaz

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

We aimed to investigate the protective effects of S-adenosylmethionine (SAMe) and silybin treatment on hepatorenal and hemostatic functions in dogs with endotoxemia. Healthy dogs (n = 20) were divided equally into 4 groups as control, SAMe + silybin (SS), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and LPS + SS. Controls received 0.9% NaCl intravenously. Animals were treated daily with 20 mg of SAMe and 1 mg of silybin per kilogram of body weight in SS and LPS + SS. LPS was injected (2 μg/kg, once intravenously) to dogs in LPS and LPS + SS. Hemostatic functions were assessed by thromboelastography (TEG). LPS-induced clinical and …

Influence Of Season On Seminal Antioxidant Enzymes In Karan Friesbulls Under Tropical Climatic Conditions, Simson Soren, Sohan Vir Singh, Pawan Singh

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Availability of good quality semen is very crucial for sustainable development of the dairy sector throughout the year. Seminal antioxidant status plays an important role for sperm viability, acrosomal integrity, and motility and emerges as a prognostic tool for assisted reproductive technology. The present study was designed to evaluate the seminal antioxidant enzyme concentrations in Karan Fries bulls during different seasons. Five adult healthy Karan Fries (Bos indicus x Bos taurus) bulls were selected from the the Animal Breeding Research Centre of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. Weekly ejaculates were collected using an artificial vagina …

Effect Of Capacitating Agents On Sperm Pretreatment During In Vitrofertilization For Blastocyst Production In Caprines, Puja Goel, Anil Kumar Goel, Ashok Kumar Bhatiya, Suresh Dinkar Kharche

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The present study aimed at comparing the relative efficacy of different capacitating agents used for sperm pretreatment during in vitro fertilization (IVF) and subsequent embryo development of caprine oocytes. In experiment 1, the effect of different concentrations of heparin (0, 20, and 50 μg/mL) on sperm pretreatment for different periods of time (30 and 60 min) was studied. In experiment 2, the dose-dependent effect of calcium ionophore (0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.5 μM) on sperm pretreatment was assessed. Experiment 3 validated and compared the effects of both capacitating agents on sperm pretreatment for capacitation based on the results of the …

Seroprevalence Of Caseous Lymphadenitis In Kangal Akkaraman Sheep, Öznur Aslan, Kadi̇r Semi̇h Gümüşsoy, İlknur Karaca Bekdi̇k, Aytaç Akçay, Ömer Orkun Demi̇ral

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study, the seroprevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, the causative agent of caseous lymphadenitis (CLA) infection, in Kangal Akkaraman sheep flocks was examined. For this purpose, blood samples were collected from 25 different sheep flocks (n = 379). According to the ELISA results, the numbers of CLA-positive and CLA-negative samples were 138 (36.4%) and 241 (63.6%), respectively. CLA positivity was observed in 35.7% of the females (n = 241), 37.7% of the males (n = 138), 40.2% of the sheep with clinical symptoms (n = 184), and 32.8% of the sheep with no clinical symptoms (n = 195) (P > 0.05). …

Development Of A Novel In Vivo Corneal Fibrosis Model In The Dog, K. M. Gronkiewicz, Elizabeth A. Giuliano, K. Kuroki, F. Bunyak, Ajay Sharma, L. B. C. Teixeira, C. W. Hamm, R. R. Mohan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

The aim of this study was to develop a novel in vivo corneal model of fibrosis in dogs utilizing alkali burn and determine the ability of suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) to inhibit corneal fibrosis using this large animal model. To accomplish this, we used seven research Beagle dogs. An axial corneal alkali burn in dogs was created using 1 N NaOH topically. Six dogs were randomly and equally assigned into 2 groups: A) vehicle (DMSO, 2 μL/mL); B) anti-fibrotic treatment (50 μM SAHA). The degree of corneal opacity, ocular health, and anti-fibrotic effects of SAHA were determined utilizing the Fantes grading …

Breaking The Silence: The Veterinarian’S Duty To Report, Martine Lachance

Animal Sentience

Animals, like children and disabled elders, are not only the subjects of abuse, but they are unable to report and protect themselves from it. Veterinarians, like human physicians, are often the ones to become aware of the abuse and the only ones in a position to report it when their human clients are unwilling to do so. This creates a conflict between professional confidentiality to the client and the duty to protect the victim and facilitate prosecution when the law has been broken. I accordingly recommend that veterinarian associations make reporting of abuse mandatory.

Veterinarians Need Support To Break The Silence, Anne Fawcett

Animal Sentience

The question of whether reporting animal abuse should be mandatory for veterinarians is an important one. Veterinarians have dual obligations, both to their animal patients and to their human clients. Mandatory reporting can only be supported in a context in which veterinary professionals are (a) trained to recognise the signs of animal abuse; (b) trained to elicit a history sensitively from clients who may themselves be victims of abuse or supported in doing so; (c) supported by appropriate, responsive authorities; (d) reasonably protected from legal recriminations.

The Science Of Sentience Is Reshaping How We Think About Animals, Debra Durham

Animal Sentience

Broom’s Sentience and Animal Welfare (2014) provides its readers with an excellent overview of the evolving role of sentience in our understanding animal welfare as well as insights into why sentience matters for practice and policy.

Molecular Mechanisms Of Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid In The Inhibition Of Tgf-Β1-Mediated Canine Corneal Fibrosis, Kristina M. Gronkiewicz, Elizabeth A. Giuliano, Ajay Sharma, Rajiv R. Mohan

Pharmacy Faculty Articles and Research

Objective—To investigate molecular mechanisms mediating anti-fibrotic effect of SAHA in the canine cornea using an in vitro model. We hypothesized that SAHA attenuates corneal fibrosis by modulating Smad-dependent and, to a lesser extent, Smad-independent signaling pathways activated by TGF-β1, as well as matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity.

Methods—Cultured canine corneal fibroblasts (CCF) were incubated in the presence/absence of TGF-β1 (5ng/ml) and SAHA (2.5μM) for 24hrs. Western blot analysis was used to quantify non-phosphorylated and phosphorylated isoforms of Smad2/3, p38 MAP kinase (MAPK), ERK1/2 and JNK1. Real-time PCR and zymography were utilized to quantify MMP1, MMP2, MMP8 and MMP9 mRNA expression and …

Animal Mourning: Précis Of How Animals Grieve (King 2013), Barbara J. King

Animal Sentience

Abstract: When an animal dies, that individual’s mate, relatives, or friends may express grief. Changes in the survivor’s patterns of social behavior, eating, sleeping, and/or of expression of affect are the key criteria for defining grief. Based on this understanding of grief, it is not only big-brained mammals like elephants, apes, and cetaceans who can be said to mourn, but also a wide variety of other animals, including domestic companions like cats, dogs, and rabbits; horses and farm animals; and some birds. With keen attention placed on seeking where grief is found to occur and where it is absent …