Veterinary Medicine Commons^™

Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing Escherichia Coli Isolated From Infected Canines, Parama Hanhaboon, Thachawet Kimprasit, Worrawit Wajjwalku, Patamabhorn Amavisit

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Escherichia coli strains from dogs with different clinical signs were studied for their antimicrobial sensitivity profiles, extended spectrum beta-lactamase enzymes, and virulent genes. The 364 E. coli isolates originated from the skin (32.48%), urinary tract (31.32%), gastrointestinal tract (16.21%), reproductive system (7.69%), ear (6.05%), respiratory tract (4.94%), and other specimens (1.37%). Using the disk diffusion method, the E. coli were resistant to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, azithromycin, cephalexin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, and sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim at the rates of 84, 36, 41, 57, 38, 66, 73, 70, 64, 47, and 64%, respectively. Ninety-seven E. coli that were resistant to two …

Postparturient Administration Of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha Facilitates Weaning-To-Service Interval In Primiparous Sows, Atthaporn Roongsitthichai, Padet Tummaruk, Nutthee Am-In

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of exogenous prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2α) administration on weaning-to-service interval (WSI) in primiparous sows. A total of 149 primiparous sows, 74 control and 75 treatment sows, were included in the study. The latter sows were intramuscularly injected with PGF2α approximately at 24-48 h after parturition. Results revealed that those treated with PGF2α returned to be in estrus significantly faster than those in the control group (2.6±1.1 vs 4.5±2.1 days, p<0.05), while age at first mating, pregnancy rate, and age at first farrowing were not different from each other. In conclusion, PGF2α could shorten WSI in the primiparous sows as it could induce complete luteolysis and promote uterine involution, resulting in declined non-productive days of the commercial breeding herds.

Efficacy Of Autologous Serum As An Adjunct Treatment For A Melting Corneal Ulcer In A Captive Asian Elephant, Thittaya Janyamethakul, Prasit Moleechat, Rinku Gohain, Chalermchat Somgird, Pornsawan Pongsopavijit, Boontarikaan Wititkornkul

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This is the first case report on the use of autologous serum as an adjunct to successfully treat a melting corneal ulcer in a captive Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). A 40-year-old female Asian elephant was presented with epiphora of the right eye. It had already received treatment for 3 weeks, but had not responded to conventional treatment with antibiotics and analgesic eye drops. Upon examination, a melting corneal ulcer was found. The elephant received a combined treatment that included autologous serum twice a day for 79 days in addition to antibiotic, antifungal and analgesic drugs administered topically. After just 19 …

Ophthalmology Snapshot, Nalinee Tuntivanich

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

What Is Your Diagnosis?, Nan Choisunirachon

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Pcso-524 On Oa Biomarkers And Weight-Bearing Properties In Canine Shoulder And Coxofemeral Osteoarthritis, Kumpanart Soontornvipart, Natwadee Mongkhon, Korakot Nganvongpanit, Prachya Kongtawelert

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study was designed to compare the therapeutic benefits of a compound of omega-3 fatty acids from the New Zealand green-lipped mussel (Perna canaliculus) (PCSO-524) and omega-3 fatty acids in fish oil on clinical outcomes and osteoarthritis biomarkers (chondroitin sulfate WF6 epitope) in 66 dogs that had osteoarthritis (OA); 39 dogs with OA hip joints, 15 dogs with OA shoulder joints and 12 dogs with OA shoulder and hip joints. The animals were presented at the Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University. The dogs were allocated into two groups randomly. One group received PCSO-524 (n = 33) …

Analysis Of Virulence Genes And Pathogenicity Of Thai Mycoplasma Gallisepticum Isolates, Pacharaporn Khumpim, Rapeewan Tampaisarn, Jiroj Sasipreeyajan, Somsak Pakpinyo

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) causes chronic respiratory disease in poultry. MG organisms consist of several virulence genes which are related to infection. The aim of this study was to analyze the virulence genes and determine the pathogenicity of Thai MG isolates. In this study, there were 3 experiments; nineteen MG isolates; and 2 reference strains, F and S6 strains, analyzed to detect 4 virulence genes (LP, gapA, pvpA and mgc2) by PCR assay (experiment 1). The pathogenicity study of sham negative control group, S6 strain, 3 selected isolates (AHRL 31/46, 54/46 and 58/46) and F strain, respectively, were inoculated into 6 …

Efficacy Of Salinomycin, Robenidine And Decoquinate Against Infection With Eimeria Species Field Isolate In A Densely Populated Broiler Farm In Thailand, Morakot Kaewthamasorn, Nataya Charoenvisal, Niwat Chansiripornchai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Avian coccidiosis is caused by intracellular protozoan parasites in the genus Eimeria. It has a significant economic impact on the poultry industry and is highly prevalent in chicken producing countries worldwide. Current control measurements including good animal husbandry, chemoprophylaxis, and vaccination cannot effectively control the disease. It is well understood that parasites repeatedly exposed to the same anticoccidial drug is a major cause of resistance. Therefore, it is critical to monitor parasite response to anticoccidial drugs in different field settings. The aim of this experiment was to investigate responses of a local field isolate of Eimeria species to commonly used …

Cryopreservation Effect On Expression Of Sex Steroid Receptors Of Boar Spermatozoa, Sukanya Manee-In, Panida Chanapiwat, Nawarus Prapaiwan, Kampon Kaeoket, Sayamon Srisuwatanasagul, Atthaporn Roongsitthichai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

This study aimed to investigate the expressions of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha, ER beta, and progesterone receptor (PR) during semen cryopreservation, to evaluate the correlation among ERa, ERβ, PR, capacitation, acrosome reaction, and semen quality parameters, and to investigate the effect of different concentrations of L-cysteine on the expressions of ERa, ERβ, and PR. Semen samples were collected from 12 boars [Duroc (n = 4), Landrace (n=4), and Large white (n=4)]. The controlled rate-freezing method was used to cryopreserve the semen samples. The samples were collected at different times: fresh semen, after adding ModenaTM, after adding extender II (TE2), after …

Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns And Flaa Genotypes Of Campylobacter Jejuni Isolated From Contracted Broiler Farms In Eastern Thailand, Petcharatt Charununtakorn, Sakaoporn Prachantasena, Taradon Luangtongkum

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

The increasing incidence of antibiotic-resistant Campylobacter has become a major public health concern. Since little is known about antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolated from contracted broiler farms, the major type of farm that produces chicken meat for domestic consumption in Thailand, the objective of the present study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns and genotypes of Campylobacter isolated from contracted broiler farms where antibiotics were routinely used in their production. Sixty-nine Campylobacter jejuni isolates from cloacal swabs of chickens reared in 2 small contracted broiler farms in eastern Thailand were tested for their susceptibility to 5 antimicrobial agents by …

Ecg Quiz, Chollada Buranakarl, Saikaew Sutayatram

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

Ultrasound Diagnosis, Phiwipha Kamonrat

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

No abstract provided.

The First Shared Online Curriculum Resources For Veterinary Undergraduate Learning And Teaching In Animal Welfare And Ethics In Australia And New Zealand, Jane Johnson, Teresa Collins, Chris Degeling, Anne Fawcett, Andrew D. Fisher, Rafael Freire, Susan J. Hazel, Jennifer Hood, Jennifer K.F. Lloyd, Clive J.C. Phillips, Kevin J. Stafford

Professional Veterinary Ethics Collection

The need for undergraduate teaching of Animal Welfare and Ethics (AWE) in Australian and New Zealand veterinary courses reflects increasing community concerns and expectations about AWE; global pressures regarding food security and sustainability; the demands of veterinary accreditation; and fears that, unless students encounter AWE as part of their formal education, as veterinarians they will be relatively unaware of the discipline of animal welfare science. To address this need we are developing online resources to ensure Australian and New Zealand veterinary graduates have the knowledge, and the research, communication and critical reasoning skills, to fulfill the AWE role demanded of …

La Souffrance Animale À Distance: Des Vétérinaires Dans L’Action Humanitaire, Frédéric Keck, Miriam Ticktin

Publications and Research

Résumé

Cet article étudie le rôle des vétérinaires dans l’humanitaire à partir de deux types de pratique : la défense des animaux contre la cruauté et la surveillance des animaux touchés par les épidémies. En suivant l’extension de l’action humanitaire aux animaux comme nouvelles figures de victimes innocentes, nous cherchons à dépasser l’approche compassionnelle de l’humanitaire pour étudier les nouvelles formes scientifiques impliquant des non-humains, comme la médecine vétérinaire légale, les neurosciences et l’immunologie. Nous soutenons finalement que ces sciences produisent de nouveaux collectifs d’humains et de non-humains.

Abstract

This article traces the role of veterinarians in humanitarian action, focusing …

A Critical Review Of Postoperative Use Of Metacam In Cats, Naomi S. Leung

Undergraduate University Honors Capstones

Metacam®, or meloxicam, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) known for its suppression of pain and inflammation, was developed in 1993 and approved first for humans and dogs after clinical trials showed minor adverse effects on their kidney functions. NSAIDs in general work by blocking the actions of two enzymes called cyclo-oxygenase-1 (cox-1), responsible for the production of prostaglandins that produces protective gastrointestinal mucus, and cyclo-oxygenase-2 (cox-2), responsible for the production of prostaglandins (lipid compounds) that initiates inflammation and pain in the body. Metacam® blocks one of these enzymes, cox-2, causing the inflammation to decrease subsequently without disturbing gastrointestinal mucus. In …

Complete Genome Sequence Of A Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5n2) Associated With An Outbreak In Commercial Chickens, Iowa, Usa, 2015, Travis Clement, Gerald F. Kutish, Jill Nezworski, Joy Scaria, Eric A. Nelson, Jane Christopher-Hennings, Diego Diel

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

A novel reassortant influenza A virus (H5N2) was first detected in British Columbia, Canada, in December 2014. The virus rapidly spread along the waterfowl migration flyways in the United States, causing multiple HPAI outbreaks in poultry. Here, we present the complete genome sequence of HPAIV-H5N2 from a commercial chicken flock in Iowa.

Development Of An In Vivo Exsheathment Assay Of Infective L3 Haemonchus Contortus Larvae In Fistualated Sheep, Holly N. Williams, Katherine Petersson, Carly Barone

Senior Honors Projects

Purpose: Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) hinder the sustainable production of small ruminants on pasture and parasite resistance to chemical dewormers is becoming a growing concern. Condensed tannin containing legume forages are being tested to evaluate their anti-parasitic properties and potential contribution to an overall parasite control program for small ruminants such as sheep and goats. One of the most pathogenic GIN of small ruminants is Haemonchus contortus. The final step to full infectivity of H. contortus third stage larvae (L3) is exsheathment in the rumen. The objective of this study was to establish an in-vivo exsheathment assay in fistulated sheep …

Microhabitat Use Affects Brain Size And Structure In Intertidal Gobies, Gemma E. White, Culum Brown

Veterinary Science and Medicine Collection

The ecological cognition hypothesis poses that the brains and behaviours of individuals are largely shaped by the environments in which they live and the associated challenges they must overcome during their lives. Here we examine the effect of environmental complexity on relative brain size in 4 species of intertidal gobies from differing habitats. Two species were rock pool specialists that lived on spatially complex rocky shores, while the remainder lived on dynamic, but structurally simple, sandy shores. We found that rock pool-dwelling species had relatively larger brains and telencephalons in particular, while sand-dwelling species had a larger optic tectum and …

Osteomyelitis Associated With Nocardiopsis Composta In A Dog, Elisa N. Salas, Debra Royal, Lance Kurz, J. Dustin Loy

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Osteomyelitis can be caused by bacterial or fungal agents or may be idiopathic. Cocci, bacilli, and filamentous bacteria such as members of the Actinomycetes have all been determined to be causes of osteomyelitis. Differential diagnoses for Gram-positive filamentous rods in the family Actinomycetales causing osteomyelitis in the dog, include members of the more frequently encountered genera Nocardia and Actinomyces. Bacteria gain access to the bone via several routes but are most often associated with direct inoculation (such as percutaneous injuries, compound fractures, or secondary to foreign bodies such as surgical or other material including dirt and wood) and fracture …

Prevalence Of Disorders Recorded In Cavalier King Charles Spaniels Attending Primary-Care Veterinary Practices In England, Jennifer F. Summers, Dan G. O'Neill, David B. Church, Peter C. Thomson, Paul D. Mcgreevy, David C. Brodbelt

Epidemiology Collection

Background: Concerns have been raised over breed-related health issues in purebred dogs, but reliable prevalence estimates for disorders within specific breeds are sparse. Electronically stored patient health records from primary-care practice are emerging as a useful source of epidemiological data in companion animals. This study used large volumes of health data from UK primary-care practices participating in the VetCompass animal health surveillance project to evaluate in detail the disorders diagnosed in a random selection of over 50% of dogs recorded as Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCSs). Confirmation of breed using available microchip and Kennel Club (KC) registration data was attempted. …

The Effect Of Red Maple Leaf Toxicosis On Reduced Glutathione Levels In Equine Erythrocytes In Vitro, Madeline A. Rohl

Undergraduate Honors Thesis Projects

Red maple leaf toxicosis is an equine blood disorder resulting from the consumption of wilted red maple (Acer rubrum L.) leaves by horses. Compounds within the leaves of red maple have oxidative effects on equine erythrocytes and can cause hemolysis of erythrocytes, the conversion of hemoglobin to methemoglobin, and the production of Heinz bodies. Reduced glutathione is important in the protection of equine erythrocytes from these oxidative events; however, in the presence of red maple toxin, glutathione is rapidly oxidized and is unavailable. The objective of this study is to determine whether the presence of vitamin C alters levels …

Prevalence Of And Risk Factors For Degenerative Mitral Valve Disease In Dogs Attending Primary‐Care Veterinary Practices In England, M. Mattin, A. Boswood, D. B. Church, J. López-Alvarez, P. D. Mcgreevy, D. G. O'Neill, P. C. Thomson, D. C. Brodbelt

Epidemiology Collection

Background

To date, epidemiological studies on degenerative mitral valve disease (DMVD) in dogs have largely reported referral caseloads or been limited to predisposed breeds. Analysis of primary‐care data to identify factors associated with DMVD would help clinicians identify high‐risk individuals and improve understanding.

Objectives

To estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors for DMVD in dogs attending primary‐care veterinary practices in England.

Animals

Cases were identified within the electronic patient records of 111,967 dogs attending 93 practices. Four hundred and 5 dogs were diagnosed with DMVD (diagnosed cases) and a further 3,557 dogs had a heart murmur (HM) consistent …

A Behavioral Analysis Of The Pre-Release Tasmanian Devils (Sarcophilus Harrisii) Currently At Devils@Cradle: An Assessment Of The Impacts Of Captivity On The Wild Behaviors Of Tasmanian Devils That Are Important For Their Reintroduction, Survival, And Inclusion In Wild Populations, Anna Staudenmaier

Independent Study Project (ISP) Collection

The Tasmanian devil, Sarcophilus harrisi, is in danger of extinction in the wild due to the emergence of Devil Facial Tumor Disease (DFTD). In an attempt to save the species the Save the Tasmanian Devil Program (STTDP) has initiated the creation of an ‘Insurance Population’. These insurance animals are a part of the captive breeding population (CBP) designed to conserve the genetic diversity of the species to preserve their ecological function for their future reintroduction into the wild. CBPs are located at various bio-secure zoos, wildlife parks, free-range enclosures (FREs), Tasmanian islands and peninsulas and sanctuaries like Devils@Cradle - Tasmanian …

Growing South Dakota (Spring 2015), College Of Agriculture &. Biological Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue includes the 2014 SDSU Extension Annual Report.

[Page] 2 Committed To South Dakotans: Programs Focus On “Healthy Food, Healthy Families, Healthy Communities”
[Page] 4 Serving South Dakota’s Multi-Cultural Communities: Programs Take Root In Sioux Falls And On Standing Rock Indian Reservation
[Page] 4 Relevant Resource: New Manual Provides Guidance For Farmers Markets
[Page] 6 Food Growers Unite: Formation Of “Food Hub” Being Explored
[Page] 8 Envisioning The Future: Extension Assists Community Leaders With Forward Thinking
[Page] 10 Innovative New Tools: Online Resources Provide Useful Climate Data, Drainage Calculators
[Page] 12 Meeting Producer Needs: Production Knowledge Enhanced With Extension …

Baylisascaris Spp. In Non-Raccoon Procyonid Hosts And Assessment Of Potential Risk Of Human Exposure, Max Carlin Parkanzky

Open Access Theses

Baylisascaris procyonis (Bp) is a large roundworm of the common raccoon (Procyon lotor) which serves as the definitive host. Bp is an important cause of clinical larva migrans, including severe neurological disease, across numerous taxa including humans. Other procyonids, as well as occasionally dogs, can act as definitive hosts for this or other Baylisascaris spp. Many of these animals are becoming more common as household pets, posing a risk to people who come in contact with these animals. We have investigated whether patent Baylisascaris spp. infection exists in captive non-raccoon procyonids and if humans who contact these animals …

Animal Health Matters, Russ Daly, Jane Hennings

Animal Health MATTERS Newsletter

[Page] 1- Latest Version of South Dakota “One Health” Meetings Explores Tuberculosis in Humans and Cattle [Page] 2- Director's Message [Page] 2- Bailey Herd Health Conference Covers Connection Between Facilities and Animal Health [Page] 3- Essential Behind the Scenes Work: Accounting and Human Resources Staff at the VBS and ADRDL [Page] 3- New Hires at South Dakota ADRDL [Page] 4- Dairy Animal and Product Testing Services at the ADRDL [Page] 6- Video Production Highlights ADRDL Value to Animals and Citizens [Page] 6- Bovine Respiratory Coronavirus Testing [Page] 6- Dr. Hennings Named to AAVLD Executive Board [Page] 6- Equine Well-Being Survey: …

An Inactivated Vaccine Made From A U.S. Field Isolate Of Porcine Epidemic Disease Virus Is Immunogenic In Pigs As Demonstrated By A Dose-Titration, Emily A. Collin, Srivishnupriya Anbalagan, Faten Okda, Ron Bateman, Eric A. Nelson, Ben M. Hause

Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications

Background: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), a highly pathogenic and transmissible virus in swine, was first detected in the U.S. in May, 2013, and has caused tremendous losses to the swine industry. Due to the difficulty in isolating and growing this virus in cell culture, few vaccine studies using cell culture propagated PEDV have been performed on U.S. strains in pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response to the selected inactivated PEDV vaccine candidate in a dose-titration manner.
Results: PEDV was isolated from a pig with diarrhea and complete genome sequencing found >99% …

Relationship Between Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Secretion Capacity And Virulence In Wild Type Porcine-Origin Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli Strains, Prageeth Wijemanne, Jun Xing, Emil M. Berberov, David B. Marx, David H. Francis, Rodney A. Moxley

School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications

Heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) is an important virulence factor secreted by some strains of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). The prototypic human-origin strain H10407 secretes LT via a type II secretion system(T2SS). We sought to determine the relationship between the capacity to secrete LT and virulence in porcine-origin wild type (WT) ETEC strains. Sixteen WT ETEC strains isolated from cases of severe diarrheal disease were analyzed by GM1ganglioside enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay tomeasure LT concentrations in culture supernatants. All strains had detectable LT in supernatants by 2 h of culture and 1 strain, which was particularly virulent in gnotobiotic piglets (3030-2), had …

Isolation And Characterization Of Potential Probiotic Bacteria Suitable For Mollusk Larvae Cultures, Ruth Escamilla-Montes, Antonio Luna-González, Ma. Del Carmen Flores-Miranda, Píndaro Álvarez-Ruiz, Jesús Arturo Fierro-Coronado, Ana Claudia Sánchez-Ortiz, José Ávila-Leal

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Guts of Crassostrea gigas, C. corteziensis, and Atrina maura were screened for bacilli and lactic acid bacteria with probiotic properties for bivalve mollusks. Characterization of the isolates included Gram stain, morphology, cell arrangement, catalase and hemolytic activity, hydrophobicity, autoaggregation, coaggregation against Vibrio sinaloensis VHPC23, biofilm formation, counting of colony forming units (CFU), NaCl and pH tolerance, enzymatic activity, resistance to antibiotics, antagonism against Vibrio sinaloensis VHPC23, and molecular identification. Three isolates (BCR 4-3, BALCR 5-2, and BALOR 2-3) showed no hemolytic activity, high tolerance to pH and salinity, high adhesion potential, high autoaggregation and coaggregation, biofilm formation, well growth, and …

In Vitro Suppression Against Streptococcal Bacteria And Health-Promoting Effects Of Probiotic Bacillus Polyfermenticus In Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus), Mintra Lukkana, Sasibha Jantrakajorn, Janenuj Wongtavatchai

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

In vitro antibacterial activity of Bacillus polyfermenticus (BP) against tilapia streptococcal pathogen was evaluated using the agar dilution method and co-incubation method. Both in vitro tests confirmed the inhibitory effect of B. polyfermenticus on the growth of Streptococcus agalactiae. The suppression of S. agalactiae was observed in the test system containing B. polyfermenticus and the inhibition was more evident in the system with high density of B. polyfermenticus. Subsequently, feeding administration of BP was employed in tilapia broodstocks (12 months old) and fry (37.33 ± 1.37 mg body weight) to examine the effect of BP on health performance. Significantly higher …