Cardiology Commons^™

Association Between Regional Distributions Of Sars-Cov-2 Seroconversion And Out-Of-Hospital Sudden Death During The First Epidemic Outbreak In New York., K. M. Coleman, M. Saleh, S. E. Mountantonakis

Journal Articles

Background

Increased incidence of out-of-hospital sudden death (OHSD) has been reported during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. New York City (NYC) represents a unique opportunity to examine the epidemiologic association between the two given the variable regional distribution of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in its highly diverse neighborhoods.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the association between OHSD and SARS-CoV-2 epidemiologic burden during the first COVID-19 pandemic across the highly diverse neighborhoods of NYC.

Methods

The incidences of OHSD between March 20 and April 22, 2019, and between March 20 and April 22, 2020, …

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (Tavr), Emily Wentzel

Student Research Poster Presentations 2021

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR)

Emily Wentzel

Lynn Blazaskie

Abstract

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, or TAVR, is a procedure that is performed when a patient is in need of a new aortic valve. This is a procedure done to relieve symptoms of aortic stenosis. TAVR first began in France in 2002 and came to the United States in 2005. Cardiac Catheterization is the modality that is utilized in order to perform this procedure along with a cardiac catheterization team. The team includes cardiac catheterization technologists, doctors, nurses, cardiovascular surgeons, and ultrasound technologists. Cardiac Catheterization is a minor surgical procedure that …

Standardized Ekg Curriculum, Michael Ellerman, Jon Nichols, Sanjeev Francis

Costas T. Lambrew Research Retreat 2021

Goal: To study the effect of a standardized EKG curriculum on competency of interpreting common EKGs among internal medicine residents

A Semiparametric Modeling Approach For Analyzing Clinical Biomarkers Restricted To Limits Of Detection, Sandipan Dutta, Susan Halabi

Mathematics & Statistics Faculty Publications

Before biomarkers can be used in clinical trials or patients' management, the laboratory assays that measure their levels have to go through development and analytical validation. One of the most critical performance metrics for validation of any assay is related to the minimum amount of values that can be detected and any value below this limit is referred to as below the limit of detection (LOD). Most of the existing approaches that model such biomarkers, restricted by LOD, are parametric in nature. These parametric models, however, heavily depend on the distributional assumptions, and can result in loss of precision under …

Relationship Between Preoperative Frailty And Postoperative Outcomes After Lvad Implantation, Katherine L. Wilhelm

DNP Projects

Abstract

Background: Frailty is common in many patients with advanced heart failure, including those who undergo left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation. Frailty has been associated with worse outcomes after other cardiac surgeries; however, little is known about the effect of frailty on postoperative outcomes after LVAD implant.

Purpose: The purpose of this project was to evaluate whether preoperative frailty [as determined by either short physical performance battery (SPPB) score ≤ 7/12 or 6-minute walk test (6-MWT) <200 >meters] is associated with poorer postoperative outcomes after LVAD implantation than non-frailty in adults with advanced heart failure.

Setting and Sample: This project …

Cardioporation Enhances Myocardial Gene Expression In Rat Heart, Carly Boye, Sezgi Arpag, Nina Burcus, Cathryn Lundberg, Scott Declemente, Richard Heller, Michael Francis, Anna Bulysheva

Bioelectrics Publications

Damage from myocardial infarction (MI) and subsequent heart failure are serious public health concerns. Current clinical treatments and therapies to treat MI damage largely do not address the regeneration of cardiomyocytes. In a previous study, we established that it is possible to promote regeneration of cardiac muscle with vascular endothelial growth factor B gene delivery directly to the ischemic myocardium. In the current study we aim to optimize cardioporation parameters to increase expression efficiency by varying electrode configuration, applied voltage, pulse length, and plasmid vector size. By using a surface monopolar electrode, optimized pulsing conditions and reducing vector size, we …

The Hsp90 Inhibitor, Auy-922, Protects And Repairs Human Lung Microvascular Endothelial Cells From Hydrochloric Acid-Induced Endothelial Barrier Dysfunction, Ruben M.L. Colunga Biancatelli, Pavel Solopov, Betsy Gregory, John D. Catravas

Bioelectrics Publications

Exposure to hydrochloric acid (HCl) leads acutely to asthma-like symptoms, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), including compromised alveolo-capillary barrier, and respiratory failure. To better understand the direct effects of HCl on pulmonary endothelial function, we studied the characteristics of HCl-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction in primary cultures of human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLMVEC), defined the involved molecular pathways, and tested the potentially beneficial effects of Heat Shock Protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitors. HCl impaired barrier function in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and was associated with activation of Protein Kinase B (AKT), Ras homolog family member A (RhoA) and myosin light …

Utilizing A Patient’S Health Portal To Deliver Education In Cardiac Rehabilitation, Bari L. Diubaldo M.Ed, Ccrp, Tara Encarnacion Ms, Acsm-Cep

Posters

No abstract provided.

Surgical Education And Training During The Covid-19 Pandemic: Strategies And Solutions For Pakistan, Edward Anthony Joseph, Russell S. Martins, Javeria Tariq, Namrah Aziz, Hina Inam, Mahim Malik

Medical College Documents

The coronovirus disease-2019 pandemic has severely impacted surgical education and training in Pakistan and worldwide, causing problems, such as risk of infection, limited hands-on training, examination delays, and trainee redeployment to non-surgical specialties. The current review was planned to describe innovative strategies adopted by surgical training programmes worldwide in order to suggest comprehensive recommendations at the level of the College of Physicians and Surgeons Pakistan and individual institutions to counter the challenges presented by the pandemic in Pakistan. The innovative use of technology, including open-access online educational portals, virtual educational activities and simulation-based learning, can help reform education delivery during …

Electroporation Safety Factor Of 300 Nanosecond And 10 Millisecond Defibrillation In Langendorff-Perfused Rabbit Hearts, Johanna U. Neuber, Andrei G. Pakhomov, Christian W. Zemlin

Bioelectrics Publications

Aims

Recently, a new defibrillation modality using nanosecond pulses was shown to be effective at much lower energies than conventional 10 millisecond monophasic shocks in ex vivo experiments. Here we compare the safety factors of 300 nanosecond and 10 millisecond shocks to assess the safety of nanosecond defibrillation.

Methods and results

The safety factor, i.e. the ratio of median effective doses (ED50) for electroporative damage and defibrillation, was assessed for nanosecond and conventional (millisecond) defibrillation shocks in Langendorff-perfused New Zealand white rabbit hearts. In order to allow for multiple shock applications in a single heart, a pair of needle electrodes …

Routine Outpatient Electrocardiogram: What Is The Diagnosis?, Muzamil Khawaja, Vincent R J Siebert, John Allison, Yochai Birnbaum

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

No abstract provided.

Benign Metastasizing Leiomyoma In The Heart Of A 45-Year-Old Woman, Mohamad Karnib, Isaac Rhea, Robin Elliott, Saneka Chakravarty, Sadeer G Al-Kindi

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

We report a rare case of benign metastasizing leiomyoma in the heart of a 45-year-old woman 2 years after a uterine leiomyoma had been discovered during hysterectomy. Computed tomograms at presentation showed a large mixed cystic mass in the pelvis and bilateral lung nodules suggestive of metastatic disease. A large cardiac mass, attached to the chordae of the tricuspid valve and later shown to be histopathologically consistent with uterine leiomyoma, was successfully resected through a right atriotomy. This case suggests that benign metastasizing leiomyoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of right-sided cardiac tumors.

Effect Of Vegan Diet On Cardiovascular Health, Rachel Schottenfeld

Capstone Showcase

Abstract

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally, and in the United States, regardless of socioeconomic strata. Current diet guidelines in the US endorse the consumption of animal products, but research show retrospective, prospective and cross-sectional studies that a vegan diet is more effective at reducing BP, cholesterol, blood sugar levels, and body mass index (BMI) as compared to a non-vegan diet. This paper will focus on the benefits of a vegan diet (I) in reducing CVD risk (O) in adults (P) as compared to a non-vegan diet (C). It is the hope that increased focus …

The Use Of Continuous Positive Airway Pressure In Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea To Decrease The Risk And Progression Of Cardiovascular Disease, Haley Duncan

Capstone Showcase

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is one of the most prevalent illnesses worldwide and the leading cause of death in the United States. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been found to be a risk factor correlated to cardiovascular disease and events. Treatment for OSA includes the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), but patients are often non-compliant due to discomfort. Therefore, the following clinical question arises: [P] In an adult patient (35-75 years old) diagnosed with OSA, [I] does the use of CPAP [C: compared to patients with OSA who do not use CPAP] [O]decrease the risk and/or progression of cardiovascular …

Device-Related Adverse Events From Watchman Flx Implants As Reported By The Food And Drug Administration, Dongjin Suh Bs, Paul Eugene Kim Bs, Emmanuel Magsino Bs, Tae Shik Park

Graduate Research Posters

No abstract provided.

Management Of Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation With Double Sequential Defibrillation, Kaitlyn A. Brown

Capstone Showcase

Patients experiencing cardiac arrest are treated according to ACLS protocols, however current protocols lack recommendations for the treatment of refractory Ventricular Fibrillation which persists after more than 3 cycles of CPR and defibrillation. One potential intervention for these cases that is being researched is the use of simultaneous or sequential activation of two defibrillators. This literature review analyzed the results of several studies to determine if double sequential defibrillation (DSD) is a viable treatment to achieve return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and improved patient survival. The results of the studies were mixed with some showing positive outcomes, and others showing …

Statins And Women, Debra Schulte

Rural Health Professions Projects

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) elevation is a primary risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular problems such as heart disease and stroke. Heart disease is the leading cause of death in the United States and stroke is the fifth leading. Earlier LDL reduction improves morbidity and mortality. Literature indicates fewer women start statin medications compared to men.

Innovation In Surgical Training: Simulating Prosthetic Heart Valves And Annuloplasty Rings Using Pacifiers For Cardiac Surgery Wet-Labs In A Resource Limited Setting, Sara Iqbal, Waris Ahmad

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

Conducting a hands-on cardiac wet-lab on valvular surgeries in a resource-limited setting is restricted by the lack of prosthetic heart valves and annuloplasty rings for developing cognitive and technical skills required to understand and protect the three-dimensional cardiac anatomy. In recent times, simulation is regarded as an effective tool in surgical education and has proven to improve the technical skills of trainees. The current short report presents a novel simulator to mimic heart valve replacement surgeries by using a pacifier as a prosthetic valve and annuloplasty ring. Considering resource-constraints in the local context, pacifier-based valve simulators can be usedful as …

Paradigm Shift In The Surgical Training: The Era Of Innovation, Simulation And Beyond, Syed Shahabuddin, Shiraz Hashmi, Yasir Khan, Shahid Ahmed Sami

Section of Cardiothoracic Surgery

This is an era of transformation of surgical education and training. Modern methods of training are being introduced at a rapid pace and are being adopted in surgical practice not only to improve the outcomes and patient satisfaction, but also to provide an opportunity to develop a new well-structured training curriculum by integrating both traditional and modern approaches to teach and learn surgical skills. Various surgical simulators are in use as training aids and are constantly undergoing further refinement and development. To achieve a smooth transition in surgical training to modern methods, a structured programme has to be developed and …

Surgical Education And Training, Ather Enam, Hammad Ather, Nadeem Ahmed Siddiqui

Section of Neurosurgery

No abstract provided.

Circulating Exosomal Microrna Expression Patterns Distinguish Cardiac Sarcoidosis From Myocardial Ischemia., Elliott D Crouser, Mark W Julian, Sabahattin Bicer, Vikas Ghai, Taek-Kyun Kim, Lisa A Maier, May Gillespie, Nabeel Y Hamzeh, Kai Wang

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

OBJECTIVE: Cardiac sarcoidosis is difficult to diagnose, often requiring expensive and inconvenient advanced imaging techniques. Circulating exosomes contain genetic material, such as microRNA (miRNA), that are derived from diseased tissues and may serve as potential disease-specific biomarkers. We thus sought to determine whether circulating exosome-derived miRNA expression patterns would distinguish cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) from acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODS: Plasma and serum samples conforming to CS, AMI or disease-free controls were procured from the Biologic Specimen and Data Repository Information Coordinating Center repository and National Jewish Health. Next generation sequencing (NGS) was performed on exosome-derived total RNA (n = 10 …

A Rocking Catastrophe: An Unusual Case Of Late Onset Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis Leading To Prosthetic Valve Dehiscence, Tuan Pham, Md, Shanana Baig-Lewis, Md, Mph

Articles, Abstracts, and Reports

2021-2022 PGY3

Atrial Fibrillation In Covid-19: A Descriptive Study Of Incidence, Mortality And Related Factors, Diana L. Taylor

DNP Research Projects

Abstract

This scholarly project determined the relationship of atrial fibrillation (AF) occurrences in COVID-19, as it is the most frequent arrhythmia in the U.S. and is driven by inflammatory pathology. In COVID-19 positive patients with AF occurrences understanding the relationship between these conditions could help identify patients with poor prognosis, higher morality, and other factors earlier in the hospital course.

This single-center scholarly project was a retrospective descriptive chart review to determine the relationship between AF and COVID-19 over a 6-month timeline in Chattanooga, TN. Of the 565 hospitalized COVID-19 positive patients included, 82 (14.5%) had AF occurrences. A higher …

The Effects Of Interleukin-1Β On Cardiac Reserve And Exercise Capacity In The Mouse, Habeebah Z. Vohra

Theses and Dissertations

Heart failure (HF) is characterized by dyspnea, fatigue, and exercise intolerance. Clinical evidence points to increased interleukin-1β (IL-1β) activity in patients with HF, with an IL-1 blockade improving the exercise capacity in HF patients. In healthy mice, recombinant-mouse IL-1β (rmIL-1β) induces acute systolic dysfunction, peaking 4 hours after administration. However, the direct effects of rmIL-1β on exercise capacity are unknown. We hypothesized that rmIL-1β diminishes the exercise capacity in the mouse. Adult mice were trained to run on a treadmill and exercise capacity was assessed before, 4 hours, and 96 hours after intraperitoneal administration of rmIL-1β (3 μg/kg) or vehicle …

Athletics As A Life Curriculum: Lessons Learned Through Different Aspects Of Athletics, Thomas J. Davis

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

For my dissertation, I decided to write a memoir to have the opportunity to go through the self-reflection process and learn more about my inner self. I wanted to learn how the life experiences I write about have affected me as a student-athlete, coach, teacher, parent, and how they have shaped me into who I am today. I took instances from my life in athletics that I believe are significant in the development of my overall being. Educational scholars such as William Pinar (1995, 2004), John Dewey (1916/2019, 1933), Frederic Gros (2011), Immanuel Kant (1908/2015), Nel Noddings (2005), and Paulo …

Evaluating The Use Of Telehealth To Manage Hypertension In Primary Care, Alexandra M. Wiesner

DNP Projects

Background: Hypertension remains one of the most common chronic conditions in the United States leading to several health complications and immense financial burdens, yet it remains grossly undertreated despite the availability of evidence-based treatment options. The 2017 guidelines from the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association recommended the use of home blood pressure monitoring with a telehealth component as an adjunct to regular hypertension treatment; however, implementing this into practice can be difficult depending on the setting, available resources, and the knowledge and skills of the providers. Aims: The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate patient adherence …

Incident Aortic Stenosis In 49 449 Men And 42 229 Women Investigated With Routine Echocardiography, Simon Stewart, Yih-Kai Chan, David Playford, Geoffrey Strange

Medical Papers and Journal Articles

Objective

We addressed the paucity of data describing the characteristics and consequences of incident aortic stenosis (AS).

Methods

Adults undergoing echocardiography with a native aortic valve (AV) and no AS were studied. Subsequent age-specific and sex-specific incidence of AS were derived from echocardiograms conducted a median of 2.8 years apart. Progressive AV dysfunction and individually linked mortality were examined per AS category.

Results

49 449 men (53.9%, 60.9±15.8 years) and 42 229 women (61.6±16.9 years) with no initial evidence of AS were identified. Subsequently, 6293 (6.9%) developed AS—comprising 5170 (5.6%), 636 (0.7%), 339 (0.4%) and 148 (0.2%) cases of mild, …

Endovascular Mechanical Thrombectomy Versus Thrombolysis In Patients With Iliofemoral Deep Vein Thrombosis - A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis., Michael K W Lichtenberg, Stefan Stahlhoff, Katarzyna Młyńczak, Dominik Golicki, Paul Gagne, Mahmood K Razavi, Rick De Graaf, Raghu Kolluri, Katarzyna Kolasa

Heart and Vascular Articles

Background: This study sought to compare effectiveness and safety of percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) and thrombolysis alone (THR) in patients with acute or subacute iliofemoral deep vein thrombosis (IfDVT). Patients and methods: Observational and randomized trials, published between January 2001 to February 2019 were identified by searching MEDLINE. Studies on deep venous thrombosis (DVT) treated with either THR or PMT adjunctive to conventional anticoagulation and compressive intervention were included. Meta-analysis of proportions was conducted to assess effectiveness outcomes of successful lysis and primary patency, post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS), valvular reflux, recurrent DVT, as well as safety outcomes of major bleeding, hematuria, …

Preoperative Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter Impact On Risk-Adjusted Repeat Aortic Intervention Patients[Protocol], Samantha Novotny, Julia Dokko, Xiaoyue Zhang, Sohaib Agha, Ashutosh Yaligar, Natalie Kolba, Vineet Tummala, Puja Parikh, Aurora Pryor, Henry Tannous, A. Laurie Shroyer, Thomas Bilfinger

Department of Surgery Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Predictors And Risk-Adjusted Outcomes Of New-Onset Postoperative Atrial Fibrillation In Surgical And Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement [Post-Af Ravr Protcol], Julia Dokko, Samantha Novotny, Xiaoyue Zhang, Sohaib Agha, Ashutosh Yaligar, Natalie Kolba, Vineet Tummala, Puja Parikh, Aurora Pryor, Henry Tannous, A. Laurie Shroyer, Thomas Bilfinger

Department of Surgery Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.