Cardiology Commons^™

Extracorporeal Rescue In Massive Pulmonary Embolism: A Case Of Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension Unveiled, Kenzo Ramos, Kari Gorder

Journal of Shock and Hemodynamics

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a rare yet curable cause of pulmonary hypertension from unresolved pulmonary emboli. We present the case of a 48-year-old man with progressive dyspnea and leg swelling, who was found to have bilateral pulmonary emboli with right heart strain. He developed cardiac arrest during thrombectomy, requiring emergent veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (V-A ECMO). Further evaluation revealed acute emboli superimposed on CTEPH. After incomplete thrombectomy and persistent instability, he underwent successful pulmonary endarterectomy with ECMO decannulation, leading to recovery of right ventricular function and discharge in stable condition. This case illustrates that previously unrecognized CTEPH may …

Differential Roles Of Moesin And Vasp In Β-Catenin-Associated Networks During Zebrafish Heart Regeneration, Allen Rutman

Undergraduate Theses, Capstones, and Recitals

With cardiovascular disease remaining as the leading cause of mortality worldwide, it is largely due to the limited regenerative capacity of the human heart. However, zebrafish (Danio rerio) can fully regenerate cardiac tissue following injury, providing a valuable model for studying the mechanisms of heart repair. To investigate these mechanisms, we used proteomics methods in the past. Proximity labeling is a technique that identifies proteins based on their physical proximity to a protein of interest. It can be applied in organisms and in living cells (Roux et al., 2012; Cho et al., 2020). We used proximity labeling to characterize protein …

Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Prevention Bundle In Adult Cardiac Care Units, Marwa Abdo

Nursing

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is among the most common ICU infections for ventilated patients, associated with increased mortality (20-50%), morbidity, and health care costs. Nurses' knowledge of VAP prevention bundles is vital to reducing its incidence in critical care areas. Aim: To assess Nurses’ knowledge regarding the ventilator-associated pneumonia prevention bundle in Adult Cardiac Care Units. Study design: A cross-sectional study design was used. Setting: This study was conducted in both the adult cardiac intensive care unit and the cardiac care unit at Aswan Heart Centre–Magdy Yacoub Foundation, Egypt. Subject: A convenience sample of 67 nurses was selected. Data collection tool: …

Evaluating The Market Withdrawal Of Andexanet Alfa, Jordyn Linfield, Addisyn Cooper, Alexander Defranco, Emma Gerding, Jessica Kelley, Tyler Henney, Connor Dains, Brenna Hissong, Brittany Bates

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

The coagulation cascade comprises intrinsic, extrinsic, and common pathways that converge when thrombin converts fibrinogen (factor I) into fibrin, leading to fibrin mesh formation, stabilization of the platelet plug, and ultimately thrombus formation. Inhibition of the coagulation cascade can be achieved with a variety of anticoagulant medications, including direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). The mechanism of action of DOACs is to inhibit either factor Xa or thrombin. Reversal of anticoagulation remains an important clinical consideration when managing patients on DOACs who experience serious bleeding events. Andexanet alfa is a recombinant, modified human factor Xa protein previously indicated for patients receiving rivaroxaban …

Fda Approval Of Etripamil For The Treatment Of Paroxysmal Supraventricular Tachycardia, Kiley Devoll, Daniella Egbujor, Katy Grainger, Katherine Cook, Victoria Niese, Connor Dains, Brenna Hissong, Andrew Roecker

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) is characterized by sudden, brief, intermittent episodes that result in a heart rate of 150 to 250 beats per minute (bpm). PSVT is difficult to diagnose, making proper treatment challenging. According to the 2015 American Heart Association (AHA)/American College of Cardiology (ACC)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS) guidelines, current pharmacologic recommendations for PSVT include adenosine, verapamil, diltiazem, or nonpharmacologic vagal maneuvers.¹ These treatments each have a variety of adverse effects, contraindications, and dosing considerations, which highlight a need for novel therapies for the acute treatment and maintenance of PSVT.¹ The NODE-301 trial assessed the safety and …

Addressing Food Insecurity Through Partnering With The Community Teaching Kitchen On Lifestyle Medicine Hypertension Class, Emily Miyasako, Jill Christensen

Books, Presentations, Posters, Etc.

Background: Food insecurity is defined as limited or unreliable access to adequate and nutritious food. In Oregon, approximately 1 in 8 residents experience food insecurity, with rates disproportionately affecting low-income individuals, racial and ethnic minorities, and households with children or elderly individuals. Food insecurity remains a significant threat to our patients’ health and is associated with obesity, malnutrition, and poor mental health. As a primary care provider, I have seen the effects of food insecurity on my patients, but I am thankful for the presence of our Community Teaching Kitchen. The Community Teaching Kitchen (CTK) at Providence Milwaukie provides nutritional …

Prognostic Value Of Baseline Qfr In Single-Vessel Intermediate Coronary Stenosis, Yanfeng Lu, Abdulrahman Alqazzaz, Jasmine Bao, Gary S. Mintz, Jiahao Feng, Yong Zhang, Shanshan Gao, Qiang Song, Feifei Ning, Xin Huang, Ning Guo

Student Papers, Posters & Projects

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The prognostic value of baseline Quantitative Flow Ratio (QFR) in real-world patients remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of baseline QFR and its three-tier model-low, grey-zone, and high QFR-in patients with single-vessel intermediate stenosis.

METHODS: This retrospective study included 478 patients with QFR between 0.70 and 0.90 who underwent coronary angiography between May and June 2023. Patients were stratified into Low (0.70-0.74), Grey-Zone (0.75-0.85), and High (0.86-0.90) QFR groups. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac events (MACE); the key secondary endpoint was target vessel failure (TVF). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models …

Animal Models Of Aortic Aneurysm And Dissection: A Comparative Guide For Mechanism, Therapeutic Testing, And Translational Readouts, Shayan Mohammadmoradi, Sidney W. Whiteheart

Saha Cardiovascular Research Center Faculty Publications

Aortic aneurysms and dissections are devastating vascular diseases with high mortality, yet no pharmacological therapy has proven effective in halting growth or preventing rupture. Surgical and endovascular repair remain the only treatment options for advanced disease. Animal models have been indispensable in defining mechanisms and testing candidate therapies, but the diversity of protocols, strain-dependent variability, and heterogeneous endpoints complicate interpretation and translation. This review provides an update focused on how to match models to specific research questions. We critically compare commonly used abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) models (angiotensin II ± hyperlipidemia, elastase, calcium chloride, β-aminopropionitrile BAPN hybrids, and mineralocorticoid agonist/fludrocortisone …

The Structure Of The Native Cardiac Crossbridge In The Rigor State, Cristina M. Risi, Tyler Nguyen, Betty Belknap, Howard D. White, Jose R. Pinto, Prescott B. Chase, Vitold E. Galkin

Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

Cardiac contraction is driven by double-headed myosin cycling on cardiac thin filaments, where troponin-tropomyosin regulates myosin access to actin. Prior high-resolution structural studies used a single-headed myosin bound to bare actin, thereby limiting insight into coordination between myosin heads and the influence of troponin-tropomyosin on actomyosin interactions. Here, we report a high-resolution structure of the native cardiac rigor cross-bridge formed by heavy meromyosin bound to the thin filament. We show that direct communication between the two bound heads, uneven interactions between the heads and tropomyosin, and spatial constraints imposed by troponin govern myosin placement along the thin filament. Additionally, the …

Defining Clinically Meaningful Within-Patient Changes In Heart Failure: Jacc Heart Failure Position Statement, Amin Yehya, Rebecca Hahn, Barry Borlaug, Victoria Delgado, Andrew Ambrosy, Ross Arena, Nosheen Reza, Gregory Lewis, Natalie Tapaskar, Salvatore Carbone, Cynthia Chauhan, Mitchell A. Psotka, Norman Stockbridge, James Januzzi, Javed Butler, Jennifer Cowger, Biykem Bozkurt, John Spertus

Department of Medicine Faculty Publications

Heart failure (HF) clinical trials increasingly rely on diverse endpoints beyond mortality, including hospitalizations, imaging, hemodynamic status, biomarkers, functional capacity, and patient-reported outcomes. Although statistically significant differences between treatment groups are commonly reported, interpreting whether these changes are clinically meaningful for individual patients remains challenging. This JACC: Heart Failure position statement proposes a pragmatic framework for defining clinically meaningful within-patient change across commonly used HF outcomes by integrating measurement variability, prognostic associations, and patient-anchored evidence where available. Relative and absolute risk reductions should both inform interpretation of clinical events, while imaging, hemodynamic, biomarker, and functional measures require changes exceeding measurement …

The Treatment Of Obesity In The Context Of The Obesity Paradox In Patients With Heart Failure: A Narrative Review, Pamela L. Alebna, Sarah Martey, Anurag Mehta, Carl J. Lavie, Salvatore Carbone

EVMS School of Health Professions Faculty Publications

Purpose of review

While excess adiposity is a known risk factor for incident heart failure ( HF), once the condition is established, observational data suggest that increased body mass index (BMI) may confer a survival advantage. This paradox has emphasized the underlying roles of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), and body composition, particularly lean mass (LM), in influencing clinical outcomes.

Recent findings

In this review, we explore the multifaceted nature of the obesity paradox in HF, with a focus on emerging anti-obesity incretin-mimetic therapies, such as glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and dual GLP-1/glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) receptor agonists. These agents …

Effect Of Plant-Based Vs. Standard American Diet On Cardiovascular Parameters In College Students, Timothy J. Horanic

Honors Undergraduate Theses

This study examines how adherence to different dietary patterns—specifically a plant-based diet compared to the standard American diet—can influence physiological indicators tied to cardiovascular health, including heart rate variability (HRV), blood pressure (BP), and heart rate (HR). Among these markers, HRV is considered especially sensitive to autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation and may offer earlier insight into physiological stress or dysfunction than HR or BP alone. Although nutritional habits are widely believed to impact heart health, few investigations have focused on how specific long-term diets affect autonomic and cardiovascular metrics in healthy, college-aged adults. This study aims to investigate if …

Incidental Extracardiac Findings In Cardaic Mr Imaging, Shaimaa S Mohamed, Elhardalo O Mohamed, Mohamed A Ali, Shimaa S Attia

Journal of Medicine in Scientific Research

Background: Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) is recently a pivotal noninvasive technique for comprehensive cardiac assessment, providing detailed cardiac anatomy and motility insights. Given its expansive field of view, cMRI facilitates the identification of incidental extracardiac findings (IEFs), that may have clinical significance beyond the primary cardiac evaluation.

Objective: This study aims to assess the prevalence of incidental extracardiac findings noted in cMRI and to address the most frequent detected lesions.

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on patients who have done cMRI in the period between July 2021 and July 2023. The study cohort consisted of 219 individuals referred …

Stim1-Dependent Treg Dysfunction Promotes Cardiometabolic Hfpef: Insights From Patients And Animal Studies, Balaji Srinivas, Alluri Kiran, Hongmei Peng, Jiang Xu, Paula Fortuno, Jennifer May, Ismail El Moudden, Nour-Eddine Rhaleb, John M. Herre, Raymond L. Benza, Khalid Matrougui

Department of Biomedical and Translational Sciences Faculty Publications

Background

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) arises from chronic cardiometabolic and vascular stress and is increasingly recognized as an inflammatory syndrome with immune dysregulation. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are critical modulators of cardiovascular inflammation, yet the mechanisms driving Treg dysfunction in HFpEF remain poorly defined. stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1)-dependent calcium signaling is a key stress-responsive pathway in immune cells; however, its role in Treg maladaptation during HFpEF remains unknown.

Methods

Circulating Tregs from patients with and without HFpEF were analyzed for abundance, STIM1 expression, and stress-associated signaling pathways. To establish causality, mice with Treg-specific deletion of STIM1 …

Physiologic Markers Of Mortality In Acute Valve Syndrome: An Ischemic Physiology Score Stratifies Patient Risk, Omar Saleh, Nicholas J. Valle, Israa Saleh, Raymond Benza, Deepak R. Talreja, Matthew R. Summers

Department of Medicine Faculty Publications

Background: Acute valve syndrome (AVS) represents a high-risk phenotype of advanced valvular disease with largely uncharacterized risk heterogeneity. We aimed to validate an expanded AVS definition and develop a physiology-dependent risk stratification tool using available clinical markers.

Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 2380 patients undergoing aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis and classified them as AVS (n = 1556) or progressive valvular disease (n = 824). The primary outcome was 1-year all-cause mortality. An L2-regularized logistic regression model was developed to predict 1-year mortality using admission laboratory markers and comorbidity burden. Model performance was assessed using nested cross-validation with …

A Review Of Recent And Developing Studies Regarding Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (Pci): A Narrative Review, Bisher Alsabbagh, Azeez Shala, Joshua Rupert, Abdallah Elsayed

School of Integrative Biological & Chemical Sciences (Formerly Dept. of Biology)

This comprehensive literature review synthesizes the most recent evidence and evolving clinical guidelines concerning percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) from 2015 to 2025. The study integrates findings from 42 peer-reviewed trials, meta-analyses, registries, and international guideline statements issued by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), European Society of Cardiology (ESC), and related societies. Results reveal a decade-long evolution in PCI practice marked by a shift from anatomy-driven to physiology and imaging-guided decision-making, supported by tools such as fractional flow reserve (FFR), instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR), intravascular ultrasound (IVUS), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Modern guidelines emphasize individualized, team-based revascularization …

Interplay Of Menopause, Coronary Artery Calcium Score And Cardiovascular Disease Risk, Tanisha Mishra, Diksha Sanjana Pasnoor, Murtaza Gandhi, Nida Mohamed, Shaylika Chauhan, Kokou Adompreh-Fia, Kesha Mayank Doshi, Prerana Sevella, Rupak Desai

Abington Jefferson Health Papers

BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal women face an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to estrogen withdrawal, which exacerbates traditional cardiovascular risk factors such as dyslipidemia, glucose intolerance, and hypertension. Coronary Artery Calcium Score (CACS), a well-established marker of subclinical atherosclerosis, has emerged as a key predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. Despite the recognized association between menopause and heightened CVD risk, there remains a paucity of literature exploring the specific role of menopause in influencing CACS and its implications for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.

AIM: To examine the interplay between menopause, CACS, and cardiovascular health by synthesizing existing literature.

METHODS: A comprehensive …

Development Of A Longitudinal, Small-Group Pocus Curriculum For Internal Medicine Residents, Shah N. Mahmud Do, Ammar W. Bhatti Do, Ariq Rahman Md, Omar Al Qassab Md, Fraser Mackay Md

The Lahey Journal

Development of a Longitudinal, Small-Group POCUS Curriculum for Internal Medicine Residents

Introduction

Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) is integral for clinicians to enhance their diagnostic and procedural skills. Unlike Emergency Medicine or Anesthesia training programs, Internal Medicine programs often lack a structured and standardized curriculum. We thus developed a longitudinal and multi-pronged POCUS curriculum aimed at building trainee competency when utilizing ultrasound for diagnostic and procedural work-up.

Methods

The curriculum encompasses the following: basics of ultrasound, ultrasound-guided procedures, thoracic ultrasound/Bed Lung Ultrasound in Emergency (BLUE), and cardiac ultrasound/Focus-Assessed Transthoracic Echocardiography (FATE). These modules were integrated into the residents’ clinic blocks. We utilized …

Orthostatic Hypotension In Older Adults And Its Economic Impact On The Healthcare System: A Systematic Literature Review, Olushola E. Ilogho, Jennifer Broyles, Viet Le, Denise Rizzolo

Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science

ABSTRACT

Orthostatic Hypotension (OH) has been shown to lead to poor quality of life, falls, and death. Literature suggests that falls from OH may be preventable, therefore opportunities to reduce its associated cost to the healthcare system exist. This literature review aims to evaluate the importance of diagnosing and treating OH in older adult patients. OH is the drop in blood pressure upon changing to an upright position. This acute hemodynamic drop in blood pressure causes hypoperfusion in the brain, leading to dizziness, syncope, and falls. An extensive literature search for publications in PubMed and Cumulative Index in Nursing and …

Association Of Estimated Plasma Volume Status With Invasive Hemodynamics And Adverse Clinical Outcomes In Patients With Pulmonary Hypertension And Chronic Kidney Disease, Andrew Geller, Jose Manuel Martinez Manzano, Esteban Kosak Lopez, Phuuwadith Wattanachayakul, John Malin, Raul Leguizamon, Tara John, Rasha Khan, Ian Mclaren, Alexander Prendergast, Simone Jarrett, Kevin Bryan Lo, Christian Witzke

Einstein Health Papers

Identifying noninvasive measures to assess intravascular volume status and risk stratify patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is needed. We assessed the predictive value of estimated plasma volume status (ePVS) using the Strauss-derived Duarte formula in PH-CKD patients. This single-center retrospective cohort analysis included patients with PH and CKD Stage 3b (CKD3b), Stage 4 (CKD4), or Stage 5 (CKD5) who underwent right heart catheterization from 2018 to 2023. Patients were categorized into low ePVS (< 6.2) and high ePVS (≥ 6.2) using Youden's J statistics. We used the Cox-proportional hazards model, adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index, to investigate the association between …

Impact Of Tricuspid Regurgitation On The Clinical Outcomes Of Patients With Heart Failure, Muhammad U. Almani, Rasha Khan, Noor Fatima, Muhammad Yousuf, Aman Amanullah

Einstein Health Papers

BACKGROUND: Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is a common occurrence in patients with heart failure (HF), and its role in disease progression has gained attention in recent years. Although TR can worsen clinical outcomes in HF patients, the impact of gender, racial, and socioeconomic factors remains largely unexplored. With growing evidence supporting the role of percutaneous interventions for the treatment of significant TR, understanding these disparities is more crucial than ever.

METHODS: Data were extracted from the National Inpatient and National Readmission 2016-2020 Databases. We used ICD-10 code I50 to identify the patients primarily admitted for HF and subdivided the cohort into …

Bilateral Pulmonary Embolism With Bi-Atrial Cardiac Thrombi Entrapped In A Patent Foramen Ovale, Denise Mourad, Fahd Eissa Mohamed, Yashi Ballal, Elie Mrad, Natasa Petreska, Sachin Singh, Paritharsh Ghantasala

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Bi-atrial thrombi with bilateral pulmonary embolism (PE) through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) is rare and life-threatening, requiring urgent management due to embolization risk. We present a 53-year-old female with left lower extremity extensive deep vein thrombosis (DVT), bilateral PE, and bi-atrial thrombi straddling a PFO. She underwent thrombectomy, PFO closure, and pulmonary embolectomy but later experienced recurrent DVT and PE. Anticoagulation was limited due to bleeding risk given a recent neurosurgery. Literature lacks clear guidelines for managing such cases necessitating individualized treatment. This case highlights the complexity of bi-atrial thrombi with PFO and the need for further research to …

Using Atrial Pacing Trials After Tavr To Assess Conduction Abnormalities And Predict Need For Pacemaker Implantation, Hemish M. Philip, Matthew R. Summers, Shirish R. Yasa, Hasani Amir, Daiwik P. Munjwani, Thomas A. Cook, Matthew G. Jackson

Cardiovascular Research Symposium

Abstract:

Background: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) is the standard of care for many patients with severe aortic stenosis who cannot undergo surgical intervention. However, conduction disturbances remain a frequent complication, particularly with self-expanding valves. This often leads to permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI). At Sentara Heart Hospital, atrial pacing at 140 bpm is standard practice during TAVR to assess AV conduction.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate whether preserved 1:1 atrioventricular (AV) conduction during routine atrial pacing at 140 bpm after self-expanding TAVR predicts a low likelihood of requiring PPI, thus yielding a high negative predictive value (NPV).

Methods: We …

Development Of Overt Hypo-Attenuated Leaflet Thickening Following Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement, Stephonda Lewis, Hemish M. Philip, Matthew Summers

Cardiovascular Research Symposium

Background: Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) is a cornerstone therapy for severe aortic stenosis. Up to one-third of patients develop hypoattenuated leaflet thickening (HALT) within the first year post-TAVR. HALT, a form of leaflet thrombosis, can progress to leaflet immobility and structural deterioration. Despite its significance, no unified approach exists for screening or management of HALT after TAVR.

Case Presentation: A 64-year-old woman presented with shortness of breath on exertion. Exam revealed a 3/6 systolic murmur, and echocardiogram confirmed severe aortic stenosis. She underwent TAVR with resolution of symptoms and was discharged on clopidogrel (Plavix) as single antiplatelet therapy. Two …

Effectiveness Of Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 Receptor Agonists In The Treatment Of Heart Failure, Lisa Kristen Schloemann

SIU Journal of Medical Science Scholarly Works

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to review the use of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA) in heart failure (HF) treatment considering the HF phenotype and comorbidities, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity.

Method: A PubMed and Google Scholar literature search was conducted with search terms, HF and GLP-1 RA. Seven pertinent articles were retrieved and served as the basis for this clinical review.

Results: The efficacy of GLP-1 RA therapy in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fractions (HFrEF) is unclear, with one study showing increased adverse cardiac events including tachyarrhythmias, and …

A Brief History Of Circadian Time In The Heart, Martin E Young, Vanya Khanna, Mallory Metcalfe, Niruththaan Rameshkumar, Sarah Harington, Leo H Li, Janan Shoja Doost, Heinrich Taegtmeyer, Tami A Martino

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

This review tracks the discovery of circadian biology in cardiovascular science, starting with early clinical observations of daily changes in heart rate, blood pressure, and cardiovascular events. These patterns suggested that time of day matters, but it was not until the past two decades that the mechanisms and knowledge translation of these rhythms were uncovered. We describe the heart's intrinsic circadian properties and importantly how this leads to regulation of cardiac gene and protein expression, neuroendocrine and vascular rhythms, metabolism, cellular electrophysiology, and cell signaling pathways. Next, we explore emerging themes, including the impact of circadian timing on ischemic injury, …

Multivalvular Native Valve E. Coli Endocarditis, Madison Baker, Jose Reyes, Natasha Singh, Samir Shah, Rohail A. Baig, Justin Nistico

Advances in Clinical Medical Research and Healthcare Delivery

E. coli is a rare cause of infective endocarditis. This report describes an 81-year-old-woman with a history of aortic stenosis and recurrent urinary tract infections who presented in sepsis secondary to E. coli urinary tract infection which was complicated by multivalvular infective endocarditis of the aortic and tricuspid native valves identified on transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). The patient was managed medically with ceftriaxone, and resolution of both vegetations was seen on TEE without the need for cardiothoracic surgery. Literature review did not yield prior cases of multivalvular E. coli endocarditis.

Impacts Of Radiation On Metabolism And Vascular Cell Senescence, Junichi Abe, Khanh Chau, Anahita Mojiri, Guangyu Wang, Masayoshi Oikawa, Venkata S K Samanthapudi, Abigail M Osborn, Keila C Ostos-Mendoza, Karla N Mariscal-Reyes, Tammay Mathur, Abhishek Jain, Joerg Herrmann, Syed Wamique Yusuf, Sunil Krishnan, Anita Deswal, Steven H Lin, Sivareddy Kotla, John P Cooke, Nhat-Tu Le

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Significance: This review investigates how radiation therapy (RT) increases the risk of delayed cardiovascular disease (CVD) in cancer survivors. Understanding the mechanisms underlying radiation-induced CVD is essential for developing targeted therapies to mitigate these effects and improve long-term outcomes for patients with cancer.

Recent Advances: Recent studies have primarily focused on metabolic alterations induced by irradiation in various cancer cell types. However, there remains a significant knowledge gap regarding the role of chronic metabolic alterations in normal cells, particularly vascular cells, in the progression of CVD after RT.

Critical Issues: This review centers on RT-induced metabolic alterations in vascular cells …

Xbp1s-Edem2 Prevents The Onset And Development Of Hfpef By Ameliorating Cardiac Lipotoxicity, Oveena Fonseka, Rida Raja, Claire Ross, Sanskruti R Gare, Jiayan Zhang, Susanne S Hille, Katharine King, Andrea Ruiz-Velasco, Namrita Kaur, Xinyi Chen, Jessica M Miller, Riham R E Abouleisa, Qinghui Ou, Zhiyong Zou, Xiangjun Zhao, Cristian Sotomayor-Flores, Derk Frank, Eileithyia Swanton, Martin R Pool, Sara Missaglia, Daniela Tavian, Gabriele G Schiattarella, Tao Wang, Luigi Venetucci, Christian Pinali, Martin K Rutter, Bernard D Keavney, Elizabeth J Cartwright, Tamer M A Mohamed, Oliver J Müller, Wei Liu

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Morbidity and mortality of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is increased in metabolic disorders. However, options for preventing and treating these prevalent outcomes are limited. Intramyocardial lipotoxicity contributes to cardiac dysfunction. Here, we investigate the mechanisms underlying EDEM2 (endoplasmic reticulum degradation-enhancing alpha-mannosidase-like protein 2) regulation of cardiac lipid homeostasis and assess strategies that inhibit the incidence and progression of HFpEF.

Methods: Metabolic stress was induced in C57BL/6 male mice using a high-fat diet and Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. The recombinant adeno-associated virus 9 delivery system was used for loss- and gain-of-function studies. Palmitic acid and oleic acid …

Renal Denervation Improves Cardiac Function And Exercise Duration In A Miniswine Model Of Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction, David J. Lefer, Thomas E. Sharp, Amy L. Scarborough, Amelia G. Haydel, Sanjiv J. Shah, Zhen Li, Traci T. Goodchild

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Aims: Overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system is a common underlying mechanism in development and progression of several heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) comorbidities. Decreasing renal sympathetic nerve activity using catheter-based renal denervation (RDN) systems have shown efficacy in treating resistant hypertension and cardiac dysfunction in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. The purpose of this study was to determine if modulation of renal sympathetic nerve activity by RDN improves cardiac function and exercise tolerance in a clinically-relevant minipig model of cardiometabolic HFpEF. Methods and results: Multiple HFpEF comorbidities were induced in adult female Göttingen minipigs by mineralocorticoid …