Diseases Commons^™

Multiple-Micronutrient Supplementation In Pregnant Adolescents In Low- And Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review And A Meta-Analysis Of Individual Participant Data, Emily C. Keats, Nadia Akseer, Pravheen Thurairajah, Simon Cousens, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Global Young Women’S Nutrition Investigators’ Group

Woman and Child Health

Context: Approximately 7.3 million births occur annually among adolescents in low- and middle-income countries. Pregnant adolescents constitute a nutritionally vulnerable group that could benefit from intervention to mitigate the mortality and adverse birth outcomes associated with adolescent pregnancy.
Objective: The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the following: (1) the effect of multiple-micronutrient (MMN) supplementation vs iron and folic acid (IFA) supplementation among adolescents on maternal morbidity, birth outcomes, and mortality outcomes, (2) the effects of MMN supplementation in adolescents compared with the effects in adult women, and (3) the effect modification, if any, of MMN …

Determining Bone Turnover Status In Patients With Chronic Liver Disease, Tayyaba Bukhari, Lena Jafri, Hafsa Majid, Aysha Habib Khan, Imran Siddiqui

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Introduction: Hepatic osteodystrophy is an osteoporotic bone disease that occurs in chronic liver disease patients. The global prevalence of osteoporosis in patients with chronic liver disease is 30% to 40%. The pathogenesis of hepatic bone disease is not clear, but it occurs due to unstable bone remodeling with increased bone resorption and decreases bone formation. There has been an interest in determining the clinical utility of bone turnover markers (BTMs) in the assessment of osteoporosis in chronic liver patients.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in patients with chronic liver disease at the section of chemical pathology, department of …

Osteoporosis, Diana Alvarez

Campus Research Month

I will be creating a poster to present in the poster session and also a 5-minute pre-recorded video presentation comparing normal tissue of a healthy individual with the damaged tissue in people with Osteoporosis.

B31: Identifying New G Protein Coupled Receptor Kinase 2 And 3 Substrates Among Proteins Closely Linked To Breast Cancer With Positive Prognosis, Theresa Tran

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

C25: The “Spot Sign”: A Predictor Of Hematoma Expansion, Mckenzie Merritt

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

C21: Diagnostic Accuracy Of Rapid Antigen Tests For Covid-19 Compared To The Viral Genetic Test In Adults: A Systematic Review Protocol, Ellyn Hirabayashi, Shelby Feliciano

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

C17: Programmed Cell Death Ligand- 1 Expression As A Prognostic Indicator In Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Dr. Samar Saeed Khan

Annual Research Symposium

No abstract provided.

Acne Vulgaris, Yejun Oh

Campus Research Month

Acne vulgaris is a common chronic skin disease where sebaceous glands that are inflamed or infected occur in the skin. It is well known as red pimples on the face and a lot of teenagers suffer from it. There are several factors that cause acne vulgaris such as excess oil production, hair follicles clogged by oil and dead skin cells, bacteria, and inflammation. There are some foods that can cause acne easily, recommending people to avoid. To give examples, those are fast foods, greasy foods, dairy products, and so on.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Dustin Kim

Campus Research Month

Osteogenesis Imperfecta is an inherited disease that has varying stages of severity. The effects of this disease results in a person's bones becoming brittle and weak to where it can easily fracture or completely break. Though this disease is similar to other bone-deteriorating diseases, like osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta begins with a person having abnormalities in the genes that produce collagen in bones. Collagen is an important component of bone, keeping it strong and resilient against injuries. Yet, those genes end up shutting off, and the victim begins to lack collagen in their bones, making their bones susceptible to breaking.

Coronary Heart Disease, Judy Ornelas

Campus Research Month

The aim of this research is to study the effects of coronary heart disease produced by plaque buildup in the arteries.

Smokeless Tobacco Initiation, Use And Cessation In South Asia: A Qualitative Assessment, Faraz Siddiqui, Ray Croucher Ray Croucher, Fayaz Ahmad, Zarak Hussain Ahmed, Roshani Babu, Linda Bauld, Fariza Fieroze, Rumana Huque, Maira Mubashir, Narjis Rizvi

Community Health Sciences

Introduction: Smokeless tobacco (ST) is a significant South Asian public health problem. This paper reports a qualitative study of a sample of South Asian ST users.
Methods: Interviews, using a piloted topic guide, with 33 consenting, urban dwelling adult ST users explored their ST initiation, continued use and cessation attempts. Framework data analysis was used to analyse country specific data before a thematic cross-country synthesis was completed.
Results: Participants reported long term ST use and high dependency. All reported strong cessation motivation and multiple failed attempts because of ease of purchasing ST, tobacco dependency and lack of institutional support.
Conclusions: …

Improving Antibiotic Prescribing For Acute Respiratory Illnesses, Laurinia Hunter

Student Scholarly Projects

Practice Problem: Unwarranted antibiotic prescribing practices when treating acute respiratory illnesses contribute to the national health threat of antibiotic resistance.

PICOT: In a pediatric outpatient setting for patients ages 6-25 who have no documented uncontrolled comorbidities, presenting with an acute respiratory illness (P), does provider utilization of clinical guidelines, and patient and (caregivers) utilization of educational pamphlets, to collectively develop a plan of care (I), compared to providers and patients who do not utilize such strategies(C) result in a reduction in antibiotics prescribed for acute respiratory illnesses (O) in a 6-week timeframe (T)?

Evidence: The evidence reviewed reported the utilization …

Coronavirus Update 4-9-2021, The Coronavirus Planning Team

University Briefings & Virtual Events

As we prepare to assist students with getting vaccinated before the end of the semester, we once again have a brief survey for you to fill out --JP's temporarily closed --Weekend fun --Active cases.

Coronavirus Update 4-9-2021, The Coronavirus Planning Team

University Briefings & Virtual Events

We are preparing to assist students with getting vaccinated before the end of the semester --JP's Temporarily Closed --Weekend Fun --SHU Football Watch Party is Cancelled --Active Cases.

Characterizing Micronutrient Status And Risk Factors Among Late Adolescent And Young Women In Rural Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Assessment Of The Mapps Trial, Jo-Anna B. Baxter, Yaqub Wasan, Amjad Hussain, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Imran Ahmed, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Nutritional deficiencies are a leading underlying risk factor contributing to the global burden of disease. In Pakistan, late adolescence is considered a nutritionally vulnerable period, as micronutrient requirements are increased to support maturation, and dietary staples are nutrient poor. However, there has been limited evaluation of micronutrient status beyond anemia and its determinants. Using cross-sectional data from late adolescent and young women (15-23 years) at enrolment in the Matiari emPowerment and Preconception Supplementation (MaPPS) Trial, we aimed to describe the prevalence of key micronutrient deficiencies of public health concern, and generate hierarchical models to examine associations with proxies for social …

Physical Activity Patterns Among Adults With Arthritis And Diabetes Who Receive Self-Management Education, A. M. Hall, J. R. Churilla, D. C. Segura, M. R. Richardson, T. M. Johnson

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Project of Merit Winner

PURPOSE: To examine the physical activity (PA) patterns among adults with arthritis and diabetes who receive self-management education. METHODS: Sample (n=28,860) included adults (≥ 18 years of age), with arthritis and diabetes who participated in the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Categories of PA were classified as highly active (HACT), moderately active (MACT), low activity (LACT), and inactive (INACT). Multinomial logistic regression analyses adjusted for age, gender, body mass index, race, smoking status, and socioeconomic status. RESULTS: When compared to a referent group of inactive adults, our findings suggest that adults with arthritis and diabetes …

Systematic Review Of Water-Related Diseases In The Florida Environment, Mckinley Chapman, Amber N. Barnes

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Honorable Mention Winner

Background: Florida’s environments are suitable reservoirs for many disease-causing microorganisms. Pathogens and toxins in Florida waterways hold the potential to infect vectors, animal and human hosts. Many conditions are reportable to the Florida Department of Health. Our objective in this review was to determine which waterborne, water-based, and water-related pathogenic organisms have been documented in Florida’s environments over the last twenty years. Methods: Nineteen databases were searched using keywords relating to the waterborne, water-based toxins, and water-related vector-borne diseases. Peer-reviewed journal articles were included if written in English, published between January 1, 1999 and December 31, 2019, …

Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma: Clinicopathological Parameters And Prognostic Profile, Saroona Haroon, Shamail Zia, Umme Aiman Shirazi, Omer Ahmed, Ishaq Azeem Asghar, Asad Diwan, Anoshia Afzal, Muhammad Irfan, Syed Jawwad Ali, Atif A. Hashmi

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Introduction: Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is defined as breast cancer with a heterologous non-glandular component. MBC is considered a special type of breast cancer with a prognosis that is worse than invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. MBC is the most common breast cancer with a triple-negative profile. Therefore, in this study, we evaluated the clinicopathological parameters, recurrence and survival of MBC in our population.
Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study in the Department of Histopathology at Prince Faisal Oncology Centre, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia, over a period of five years. All cases diagnosed as MBC were included in …

Positive Psychological Well‐Being And Cardiovascular Disease: Exploring Mechanistic And Developmental Pathways, Julia K. Boehm

Psychology Faculty Articles and Research

Empirical research regarding the health benefits of positive psychological well‐being (e.g., positive emotions, life satisfaction, purpose in life, and optimism) has flourished in recent years, particularly with regard to cardiovascular disease. This paper reviews the state of evidence for well‐being's association with cardiovascular disease in both healthy individuals and those diagnosed with a disease. Prospective studies consistently indicate well‐being reduces cardiovascular events in healthy and, to a lesser extent, patient populations. Potential pathways that link well‐being with cardiovascular disease are discussed (including health behaviors, physiological processes, and stress buffering), although the existing evidence is mostly cross‐sectional which limits conclusions about …

Concordance Between Clinical And Pathological Response Assessment After Neo-Adjuvant Chemotherapy In Patients With Invasive Lobular Carcinoma, Aisha Shaikh, Muhammad Usman Tariq, Shaista Khan, Romana Idress, Lubna Mushtaque Vohra, Saira Fatima Shaikh, Hira Waheed

Department of Surgery Docs

Background: Neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is frequently administered in breast carcinoma patients. The clinical response to NAC guides further treatment. The pathological response is not only an independent prognostic factor, but it also guides further treatment and prognosis.
Objectives: The aim of our study was to find the degree of concordance between clinical and pathological response assessments after NAC in Invasive lobular Carcinoma (ILC) cases by using World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and different pathological systems, respectively. We also tried to identify any useful parameter of clinical assessment that could better correlate with pathologic assessment and provide a better estimation of …

Dear Future Researcher: Reflections On Covid-19, Benjamin Wetzel

Reflections, Poetry, Photos, and other Writings

No abstract provided.

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 66), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

Ua12/2/1 College Heights Herald, Vol. 96, No. 24, Wku Student Affairs

WKU Administration Documents

WKU campus newspaper reporting campus, athletic and Bowling Green, Kentucky news. This issue contains articles:

• Latimer, Jacob. Original Title IX Reporter Anticipates Records Release – Nicole Ares
• Bunton, Gabrielle. Bowling Green’s Redevelopment Effect on Black Community – Shake Rag, Jonesville
• Gaskin, Loren. How Twitch Will Be the Future of Media
• Meyer-Thornton, Zane. Nestled in Nature – Lost River Cave
• Gaylord, Kaden. Appreciating Success in Women’s Sports – Softball, Soccer, Volleyball, Basketball
• Sparkman, Wyatt. Hilltoppers Drop Series at Florida International University, Host Marshall – Baseball
• Lamb, Cassady. WKU Volleyball Set to Play in NCAA Tournament

Coronavirus Update 4-6-2021, The Coronavirus Planning Team

University Briefings & Virtual Events

SHU students can get vaccinated in Connecticut even if they live in another state --Please Answer the Phone if the Area Code is 720 or 949 --SHU Football Watch Party! --Today’s dashboard shows 30 active cases.

Efficacy Of Integrating Cbt For Mental Health Care Into Substance Abuse Treatment In Patients With Comorbid Disorders Of Substance Abuse And Mental Illness, Laura U. Madu, Jacqueline Sharp, Bobby Bellflower

Doctor of Nursing Practice Projects

Abstract: Multiple studies have found that psychiatric disorders, like mood disorders and substance use disorders, are highly comorbid among adults with either disorder. Integrated treatment refers to the treatment of two or more conditions and the use of multiple therapies such as the combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy. Integrated therapy for comorbidity per numerous studies has consistently been superior to the treatment of individual disorders separately. The purpose of this QI project was to identify the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) instead of current treatment as usual for treating Substance Use Disorder (SUD) or mental health diagnosis independently. It …

Structure, Function And Inhibition Of Critical Protein-Protein Interactions Involving Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1 And Its Fusion Oncoproteins, Xin Li, Yongcheng Song

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1, also known as MLL or KMT2A) is an important transcription factor and histone-H3 lysine-4 (H3K4) methyltransferase. It is a master regulator for transcription of important genes (e.g., Hox genes) for embryonic development and hematopoiesis. However, it is largely dispensable in matured cells. Dysregulation of MLL1 leads to overexpression of certain Hox genes and eventually leukemia initiation. Chromosome translocations involving MLL1 cause ~ 75% of acute leukemia in infants and 5-10% in children and adults with a poor prognosis. Targeted therapeutics against oncogenic fusion MLL1 (onco-MLL1) are therefore needed. Onco-MLL1 consists of the N-terminal DNA-interacting domains …

Regional Variations In Heart Failure Quality And Outcomes: Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure Registry, Luke C Cunningham, Gregg C Fonarow, Clyde W Yancy, Shubin Sheng, Roland A Matsouaka, Adam D Devore, Hani Jneid, Anita Deswal

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background

Regional patient characteristics, care quality, and outcomes may differ based on a variety of factors among patients hospitalized for heart failure (HF). Regional disparities in outcomes of cardiovascular disease have been suggested across various regions in the United States. This study examined whether there are significant differences by region in quality of care and short‐term outcomes of hospitalized patients with HF across the United States.

Methods and Results

We examined regional demographics, quality measures, and short‐term outcomes across 4 US Census Bureau regions in patients hospitalized with HF and enrolled in the GWTG‐HF (Get With The Guidelines–Heart Failure) registry …

Late Gadolinium Enhancement Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation Of Post-Atrial Fibrillation Ablation Esophageal Thermal Injury Across The Spectrum Of Severity, Qussay Marashly, Chaitra Gopinath, Alex Baher, Madan Acharya, Mobin Kheirkhahan, Benjamin Hardisty, Mossab Aljuaid, Ibrahim Tawhari, Mark Ibrahim, Alan K Morris, Eugene G Kholmovski, Brent D Wilson, Nassir F Marrouche, Mihail G Chelu

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background Esophageal thermal injury (ETI) is a byproduct of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation using thermal sources. The most severe form of ETI is represented by atrioesophageal fistula, which has a high mortality rate. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows identification of ETI. Hence, we sought to evaluate the utility of LGE-MRI as a method to identify ETI across the entire spectrum of severity. Methods and Results All AF radiofrequency ablations performed at the University of Utah between January 2009 and December 2017 were reviewed. Patients with LGE-MRI within 24 hours following AF ablation as well as patients …

Predicting Tumor Response To Radiotherapy Based On Estimation Of Non-Treatment Parameters, Yutian Huang, Allison L. Lewis

Spora: A Journal of Biomathematics

Though clinicians can now collect detailed information about a variety of tumor characteristics as a tumor evolves, it remains difficult to predict the efficacy of a given treatment prior to administration. Additionally, the process of data collection may be invasive and expensive. Thus, the creation of a framework for predicting patient response to treatment using only information collected prior to the start of treatment could be invaluable. In this study, we employ ordinary differential equation models for tumor growth and utilize synthetic data from a cellular automaton model for calibration. We investigate which parameters have the most influence upon treatment …

Racial And Ethnic Disparities In Illinois Lung Cancer Incidence, Mortality Stage At Diagnosis, Surgical Treatment, And Screening, Ritika Golechha, Mickyas Hezekiel Eskender, David D. Odell, Joe Feinglass

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

This study analyzes the extent of racial and ethnic disparities in lung cancer in Illinois as compared to national trends. Cancer registry data were used to compare lung cancer incidence, mortality and stage at diagnosis rates for non-Hispanic (NH) white, NH Black and Hispanic Illinois residents. Hospital discharge data were used to compare medical and surgical admission and screening rates. Smoking across race and ethnic groups was compared using data from the Illinois Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to determine the extent to which disparities might be related to smoking prevalence. Rate ratios for NH Black and Hispanics compared to …