Bioethics and Medical Ethics Commons^™

Book Review Of Solutions To Ethical And Legal Problems In Social Research, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Animals In Testing: How The Cpi Is Handling A Hot Issue, Anonymous

Popular Press Items

No abstract provided.

Update - Fall 1984, Loma Linda University Center For Christian Bioethics

Update

In this issue:

-- Robert Veatch to lecture in January at Loma Linda
-- Bioethics conference slated for April
-- Charles Teel Jr. will lead Central America probe

[ Reflections Regarding Baby Fae ]
-- Ethical Issues Evoked by Baby Fae
-- The Best Available Therapy
-- The Morality of Experimenting Upon Children

-- Who Should Live When All Can? (Review)
-- Ruffcorn pledges yearly $10,000
-- Cafferky's provide $100,000
-- Ethics center seeks $500,000

Ada Code Of Ethics (May 1984), American Dental Association

Code of Ethics

The ADA Code of Ethics has three main components: The Principles of Ethics, the Code of Professional Conduct and the Advisory Opinions. Contents may also include: Amendment to ADA Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct and Insert for the ADA Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct. The most current issue is available on the ADA’s website.

Psychosocial, Legal, And Ethical Dimensions Of Ultrasound Imaging In Pregnancy, Karen H. Rothenberg

Faculty Scholarship

No abstract provided.

Ada Constitution & Bylaws (1984), American Dental Association

Constitution & Bylaws

The ADA Commons Constitution & Bylaws archival collection comprises printed issues of the American Dental Association's Constitution and Bylaws. The collection also includes the ADA Charter and the ADA Code of Ethics issued 1924-1946.

Whales Are Not Cetacean Resources, Dale Jamieson, Tom Regan

Conservation Collection

What we know about whales is sufficient for ascribing to them the analogues of human rights, including the fundamental right to be treated with respect. Once we recognize their possession of this right, it follows that whales are not to be used or exploited by us for the promotion of our ends, however "benign" they may appear. In the case of humans, to refrain from killing them is to discharge only a small part of our total duties. We must also refrain from exploiting them, whether "consumptively" or "nonconsumptively." Having come as far as we have in our understanding of …

Handicapped Babies And The Law: The United States Position, George P. Smith Ii

Scholarly Articles

No abstract provided.

Quality Of Life, Sanctity Of Creation: Palliative Or Apotheosis?, George P. Smith Ii

Scholarly Articles

This Article will suggest an approach to facilitate decision-making where the concepts of quality of life and sanctity of life appear to clash. It is hoped that a reconciliation of these two ideas will provide an alternative to the increasing federal intervention in the process of family decision-making vis-a-vis handicapped infants.

The construct will combine deontological standards with situational, or consequential, ethics. This unique synthesis will then be placed within a sphere of expanded family advisers-medical, social, spiritual, legal, etc.-who are called into being with the birth of a genetically defective newborn. The force of the construct arises from the …

The Plight Of The Genetically Handicapped Newborn: A Comparative Analysis, George P. Smith Ii

Scholarly Articles

Confusion and controversy surround efforts to re-evaluate and, thus, redefine the extent to which governmental intrusion should be allowed in the doctor-patient relationship vis-a-vis the treatment or non treatment of genetically handicapped, at risk infants. The purpose of this article is to present a succinct comparative analysis of the medical-legal posture in Britain and the United States and from this analysis to develop a construct to aid the physician and the family in making decisions concerning the administration or the withholding of treatment for genetically defective newborns.

Sexuality, Privacy And The New Biology, George P. Smith Ii, Roberto Iraola

Scholarly Articles

This Article investigates two alternative methods of human conception: Specifically, the artificial insemination of unmarried women for either their own personal purposes of pregnancy without the benefit of marriage or as surrogates for infertile women. Surrogation is evaluated, then, as an analytic complement to the sexual privacy of women who are expressing their sexual freedom through unconventional means to become pregnant.

The conclusion drawn is that an unmarried woman’s fundamental right to privacy or procreation does not encompass a right to either artificial insemination or surrogation. To allow unfettered access to these two methods of conception would - quite simply …

Ada Constitution & Bylaws (1983), American Dental Association

Constitution & Bylaws

The ADA Commons Constitution & Bylaws archival collection comprises printed issues of the American Dental Association's Constitution and Bylaws. The collection also includes the ADA Charter and the ADA Code of Ethics issued 1924-1946.

Ada Code Of Ethics (January 1983), American Dental Association

Code of Ethics

The ADA Code of Ethics has three main components: The Principles of Ethics, the Code of Professional Conduct and the Advisory Opinions. Contents may also include: Amendment to ADA Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct and Insert for the ADA Principles of Ethics and Code of Professional Conduct. The most current issue is available on the ADA’s website.

Vivisection And Misanthropy, George P. Cave

Experimentation Collection

Goodman recognizes that it is reasonable to question whether all experiments performed on animals really contribute to human welfare, and he even concedes that the use of animals in laboratories "could no doubt be reduced further without harm to humankind." On the other hand, it is quite clear that he is completely unaware of the sheer quantity of absolutely worthless experiments currently being conducted, ,and that he subscribes to the popular misconception, deliberately perpetrated by the research establishment, that animal experimentation is coextensive with biomedical research, thereby contributing directly to human welfare through the conquering of disease. Furthermore, Goodman seems …

Thoughtful Use Of Animals, Hyram Kitchen

Experimentation Collection

As part of a symposium held in Cincinnati entitled, "Ethical Issues Related to the Use of Research Animals," I was asked by the program director to consider whether further legislation regarding the use of animals might be necessary to ensure more thoughtful use of animals at universities. The following is my response.

Protection Of Animals And Animal Experimentation: A Survey Of Scientific Experts, Norbert Lagoni, Joachim Fiebelkorn, Hans-Joachim Wormuth

Experimentation Collection

This article summarizes information from a survey of biomedical scientists, specifically pharmacologists and toxicologists, on the use of laboratory animals and the potential for replacing their use with alternative methods for the development and evaluation of pharmaceutical substances. The majority of those surveyed felt that the alternatives could supplement or complement animal tests, but not replace the tests altogether. However, most favored the use of nonsentient material in safety tests.

Alternatives To Animal Experimentation, Steven M. Niemi

Experimentation Collection

Alternatives to animal experimentation are highly touted today by animal welfare advocates. Their campaign for adoption of alternatives has caused much discussion and debate within and outside of the biomedical community. The purpose of this paper was to examine the controversy and assess the more common alternatives, including the bacterial mutagenicity assay or Ames test, cell culture, and mathematical models for toxicity prediction. Safety testing of chemicals is the most promising of the fields for alternatives where laboratory animals are used, and incorporation of alternatives with live-animal assays is increasing. However, due to limitations of alternatives in use currently, there …

Cryonic Suspension: A Prospect For Immortality, George P. Smith Ii

Scholarly Articles

No abstract provided.

The Razor’S Edge Of Human Bonding: Artificial Fathers And Surrogate Mothers, George P. Smith Ii

Scholarly Articles

This article will examine the plight of the artificial father and surrogate mother by focusing on how the law views artificial insemination. From this focus, the author will explore alternative responses for dealing with problems involving surrogate mothers, donor insemination, and infertility and show their symbiotic, if not direct, relation to the problem of infertility.

Intimations Of Immorality: Clones, Cyrons And The Law, George P. Smith Ii

Scholarly Articles

This article examines some legal and moral issues associated with two developing areas of biomedicine; cloning and cryonics. The author firstly considers the practical benefits to society of developing perfecting and utilizing the process of cloning. These include the ability to overcome inheritable genetic defects and the provision of organs for transplantation. Against this must be weighed some moral and ethical problems of genetic engineering. Professor Smith then discusses the process of deep-freezing a person and the development of cryonics as a social movement. The major legal problem stemming from cryonics is determining the time at which a cryonically suspended …

Book Review Of Genetics, Ethics, And The Law, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Dealing With Terminally Ill Patients: An Institutional Approach, Larry I. Palmer

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Laboratory Animals: Unification Of Legislation In Europe, H. Rozemond

Laboratory Experiments Collection

A committee of experts within the Council of Europe is currently making preparations for a European convention on the protection of laboratory animals. The committee has been designated as the Comite Ad Hoc pour Ia Protection des Animaux (CAHPA). The Council of Europe, the sponsoring organization, is an institution whose chief goal is the peaceful cooperation of most European countries concerning cultural, economic, and social affairs; expressly excluded are matters of military concern. The countries represented on the Council include Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, the Federal Republic of Germany, France, Greec:e, Great Britain, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxemburg, Malta, the …

A Message From Pano, William G. Conway

Zoos and Aquariums Collection

The memo attached was found in an unstamped envelope with no return address on the grounds of the Bronx Zoo. It appears to have been written by a chimpanzee on assignment from a clandestine organization in Africa.

Effects Of Psycho-Physiological Stress On Captive Dolphins, Nick Carter

Conservation Collection

Morgane (1978) has stated that:

Man sees all other creatures through the narrow focus of his own knowledge and sees the whole image in distortion. We patronize animals for their incompleteness and dependence and for their fate in having taken form so far below ourselves ... a great mistake, for animals should not and cannot, be measured by man. Many are gifted with many extensions of senses we have lost or never attained .... They live by voices we may never hear. Some may not be our accepted brethren, but also they are not our underlings.

If this "narrow focus …

Reporting Requirements Under The Animal Welfare Act: Their Inadequacies And The Public's Right To Know, Mark Solomon, Peter C. Lovenheim

Laws and Legislation Collection

We conclude from the analysis that the Reporting System, as presently administered, fails to achieve its primary statutory objective: it does not provide APHIS with information sufficient to demonstrate that researchers have used pain-relieving drugs "appropriately" and in accordance with "professionally acceptable standards." The chief reasons for this failing are (1) regulations and guidelines do not define "pain" or "distress," (2) regulations and guidelines do not adequately define "routine procedures," and (3) regulations and guidelines do not require meaningful explanations for the withholding of pain-relieving drugs in procedures acknowledged to cause pain.

Intrusions Of A Parvenu: Science, Religion, And The New Biology, George P. Smith Ii

Scholarly Articles

Both religion and the law must seriously consider artificial insemination so that dogma and laws are formed to incorporate the process. Science has brought the procedure to a society unequipped to deal with the religious and legal implications of birth through artificial insemination in any of its forms. Not all religions or jurisdictions can be expected to treat the process exactly alike, but there must be an effort on the part of each organization to react to the situation facing them so that their citizens will have some guidance.

Section II of this article illuminates the path science is on …

The Promise Of Abundant Life: Patenting A Magnificent Obsession, George P. Smith Ii

Scholarly Articles

The purpose of this essay will be to explore the parameters of the scientific imperative to explore truth. The scope of this inquiry is shaped in part by the United States patent laws and administrative interpretations and, more specifically, by the United States Supreme Court in its recent holding allowing the new forms of life created in a laboratory to be patented. The ultimate purpose of this piece, then, is to refute the arrogance of power theory expressed as being implicit in the investigations of the vast potential for the positive achievement of good through harnessing the "New Biology." Thus, …

Health Care Expenditures In Maine 1978 : A Funds Flow Analysis, Bruce Armstrong

Maine Collection

Health Care Expenditures in Maine 1978 : A Funds Flow Analysis

by Bruce Armstrong, Research Consultant

Maine Department of Human Services, Bureau of Health Planning and Development, Division of Data and Research, Augusta, Maine (August 1981).

Contents: Preface / Highlights / List of Tables and Figures / Introduction / Definitions / Health Expenditures / Sources of Funds / Type of Expenditure / Comparison of Maine and U.S. Per Capita Expenditures

Trends In Health Care Expenditures, Maine 1974-1978, Bruce Armstrong

Maine Collection

Trends in Health Care Expenditures, Maine 1974-1978

by Bruce Armstrong, Research Consultant

Maine Department of Human Services, Bureau of Health Planning and Development, Division of Data and Research, Augusta, Maine (August 1981).

Contents: Preface / Highlights / List of Tables and Figures / Yearly Tables / Trend Illustrations and Tabular Descriptions