Bioethics and Medical Ethics Commons^™

Real-World Use Of Classic And Non-Classic Psychedelics In Hispanic/Latino Adults With Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: International Findings From The Latino Study, David S Mathai, Jill O Robinson, Kevin Wagner, Logan Neitzke-Spruill, Dayan Berrones, Jacey L Anderberg, Renee M Frederick, Vanessa Zavala Cruz, Josselyn S Muñoz, Latin American Trans-Ancestry Initiative For Ocd Genomics, Brazilian Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorder Working Group;, Carolyn I Rodriguez, Lynnette A Averill, James J Crowley, Eric A Storch, Amy L Mcguire

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Objective: Despite growing research on the potential mental health benefits of psychedelics, there has been limited study of these drugs in populations with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and with Hispanic and Latin American (H/L) ancestry.

Methods: Demographic and clinical assessments were conducted as part of the Latin American Trans-ancestry Initiative for OCD genomics (LATINO) Study in H/L participants with OCD living throughout the Americas. Self-reported data on the prevalence of naturalistic psychedelic use and associated outcomes on OCD symptoms were collected in a subsample of 2,639 adults. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were used to assess psychedelic use, predictors of use, …

Parental Expectations Of Pediatric Care For Children, Brenan T. Cash, Jacquelyn D. Wiersma-Mosley, Donia Timby, Laura Herold

Discovery, The Student Journal of Dale Bumpers College of Agricultural, Food and Life Sciences

Access to childhood pediatrics is a major factor for a full and healthy childhood for all children from adolescence to adulthood. However, the physical health aspect has been the main focus of most primary care clinics, and there is little focus on mental health. Mental health issues, which involve anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress, are more prominent than they have ever been, as up to 30% of children have experienced mental health issues that involve post-traumatic stress disorder, especially during the pandemic years. This study employed a non-experimental, quantitative analysis utilizing online closed-ended survey questions. Caretakers were offered an anonymous, …

Combined Annual Modulation Dark Matter Search With Cosine-100 And Anais-112, N Carlin, J Y Cho, J J Choi, S Choi, A C Ezeribe, L E França, C Ha, I S Hahn, S J Hollick, S B Hong, E J Jeon, H W Joo, W G Kang, M Kauer, B H Kim, H J Kim, J Kim, K W Kim, S H Kim, S K Kim, W K Kim, Y D Kim, Y H Kim, Y J Ko, D H Lee, E K Lee, H Lee, H S Lee, H Y Lee, I S Lee, J Lee, J Y Lee, M H Lee, S H Lee, S M Lee, Y J Lee, D S Leonard, N T Luan, V H A Machado, B B Manzato, R H Maruyama, R J Neal, S L Olsen, H K Park, H S Park, J C Park, J S Park, K S Park, K Park, S D Park, R L C Pitta, H Prihtiadi, S J Ra, C Rott, K A Shin, D F F S Cavalcante, M K Son, N J C Spooner, L T Truc, L Yang, G H Yu, J Amaré, J Apilluelo, S Cebrián, D Cintas, I Coarasa, E García, M Martínez, Y Ortigoza, A Ortiz De Solórzano, T Pardo, J Puimedón, M L Sarsa, C Seoane

Faculty and Staff Publications

The annual modulation signal, claimed to be consistent with dark matter as observed by DAMA/LIBRA in a sodium-iodide based detector, has persisted for over two decades. COSINE-100 and ANAIS-112 were designed to test the claim directly using the same target material. COSINE-100, located at Yangyang Underground Laboratory in South Korea, and ANAIS-112, located at Canfranc Underground Laboratory in Spain, have been taking data since 2016 and 2017, respectively. Each experiment published its respective results independently. In this Letter, we present the results of an annual modulation search as a test of the signal observed by DAMA/LIBRA with the first three …

Ethical Issues Involved In Solid Organ Xenotransplantation., Daniel J Hurst, Chris Bobier, Luz A Padilla

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Xenotransplantation (specifically, genetically modified pig-to-human transplant of organs, tissues, or cells) clinical trials are set to begin in the United States after decades of pre-clinical studies and recent decedent and compassionate use investigations. This article provides a primer on the key ethical issues attendant with this emerging therapy. We explore four central areas of concern: (i) the use of animals to meet human transplant needs, as well as their welfare since they are housed in non-natural conditions, (ii) the risk of infectious disease transfer from the porcine graft to the human recipient, known as xenozoonosis, (iii) patient selection criteria for …

Dementia As A Critical Lens On The Role Of Narrative In Medical Training And Practice, Erin Gentry Lamb

Faculty Scholarship

Narrative holds an important place within medicine and medical education, but an uncritical use of narrative can have troubling consequences for the care of patients who have limited or no capacity for self-narration, such as those living with dementia. We argue that the guiding principles in the use of narrative within medicine and medical education must be inclusivity and opportunity. We illustrate how medical training can benefit from a more inclusive definition of narrative, and we present a selection of innovative approaches to narrative coming out of literary studies, narrative gerontology, and medical and health humanities that focus on metaphor, …

A Qualitative Exploration Of Child, Caregiver, And Clinician Perspectives On Mental Health In Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta, Justin H Qian, Andrew D Wiese, Clarissa Gonzalez, Whitney S Shepherd, Hannah Cho, Gianna M Colombo, Julia M Morales, Selena Guo, Kristin M Kostick-Quenet, Dianne Nguyen, Sophie C Schneider, Kara Ayers, Members Of The Bbdc, Marie-Eve Robinson, Chaya N Murali, Brendan Lee, V Reid Sutton, Eric A Storch

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heritable connective disorder with clinical manifestations including bone fragility and short stature. Previous research identified psychosocial themes related to mental health among children with OI and their caregivers, such as independence, social isolation, depression, and anxiety. Several studies have also examined clinicians of individuals with OI for their perspectives on mental health among their patients. However, no known studies have compared psychosocial themes among all three participant groups concurrently. This qualitative study examined mood and anxiety, along with risk and protective factors, from perspectives of youths, parents, and clinicians. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, which were …

Cosine-100 Full Dataset Challenges The Annual Modulation Signal Of Dama/Libra, Nelson Carlin, Jae Young Cho, Jae Jin Choi, Seonho Choi, Anthony C Ezeribe, Luis Eduardo França, Chang Hyon Ha, In Sik Hahn, Sophia J Hollick, Eunju Jeon, Han Wool Joo, Woon Gu Kang, Matthew Kauer, Bongho Kim, Hongjoo Kim, Jinyoung Kim, Kyungwon Kim, Sunghyun Kim, Sun Kee Kim, Won Kyung Kim, Yeongduk Kim, Yong-Hamb Kim, Young Ju Ko, Doohyeok Lee, Eun Kyung Lee, Hyunseok Lee, Hyun Su Lee, Hye Young Lee, In Soo Lee, Jaison Lee, Jooyoung Lee, Moo Hyun Lee, Seo Hyun Lee, Seung Mok Lee, Yujin Lee, Douglas S Leonard, Nguyen Thanh Luan, Vitor Hugo De Almeida Machado, Bruno B Manzato, Reina H Maruyama, Robert J Neal, Stephen L Olsen, Byung Ju Park, Hyang Kyu Park, Hyeonseo Park, Jong-Chul Park, Kangsoon Park, Se Dong Park, Ricardo L C Pitta, Hafizh Prihtiadi, Sejin Ra, Carsten Rott, Keon Ah Shin, David F F S Cavalcante, Min Ki Son, Neil J C Spooner, Lam Tan Truc, Liang Yang, Gyun Ho Yu

Faculty and Staff Publications

For over 25 years, the DAMA/LIBRA collaboration has claimed to observe an annual modulation signal, suggesting the existence of dark matter interactions. However, no experiment using different target materials has observed a dark matter signal consistent with their result. To address this puzzle, the COSINE-100 collaboration conducted a model-independent test using sodium iodide crystal detectors, the same target material as DAMA/LIBRA. Analyzing data collected over 6.4 years by the effective mass of 61.3 kilograms, with improved energy calibration and time-dependent background modeling, we found no evidence of an annual modulation signal, challenging the DAMA/LIBRA result with a confidence level greater …

The Ethics Of Clinical Ethics, Matthew Shea

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

The concept ethics defines health care ethics as a professional practice. Yet the meaning of "ethics" is often unclear in the theory and practice of clinical ethics. Clarity on this matter is crucial for understanding the nature of clinical ethics and for debates about the professional identity and proper role of ethicists, the sort of training and skills they should possess, and whether they have ethics expertise. This article examines two different ways the ethics of clinical ethics can be understood: Real Ethics, which consists of objective moral norms grounded in moral truth; and Conventional Ethics, which consists of conventional …

Governance Of Polygenic Embryo Screening: A Qualitative Study On The Perspectives Of Clinicians And Patients, Jason Bach, Jonathan Frumovitz, Dorit Barlevy, Rémy A Furrer, Abigail Martinez, Ana Battaglino, Shai Carmi, Todd Lencz, Gabriel Lázaro-Muñoz, Stacey Pereira

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Objective: To investigate the perspectives of stakeholders on their attitudes toward potential regulation of polygenic embryo screening (PES), a new form of preimplantation genetic testing that is used to screen embryos for the genetic chances of developing medical conditions and nonmedical traits involving hundreds or thousands of genes.

Design: We conducted individual, semistructured interviews and analyzed transcripts using thematic analysis.

Subjects: Twenty-seven US-based reproductive endocrinology and infertility specialists and 26 patients who were currently undergoing in vitro fertilization or had within the past five years.

Main outcome measures: Repeating ideas and patterned responses were organized into themes and subthemes.

Results: …

Factors Associated With Adolescents' Self-Efficacy To Meet With Their Health Care Provider Alone, Albert C Hergenroeder, Blanca Sanchez-Fournier, Cassandra Enzler, Mary Majumder, Beth H Garland, Constance M Wiemann

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Adolescents with special health care needs (ASHCNs) must develop self-management skills to effectively transition into adult-based care. This requires having the self-efficacy to meet with their health care provider independent of caregivers. This study aims to identify the factors associated with self-efficacy in meeting with a provider alone among ASHCN preparing for this transition.Eighty-three English-speaking 18-year olds with renal, gastrointestinal, neurologic, or rheumatologic diseases, and their English- or Spanish-speaking caregivers were recruited at a large children's hospital, and completed a one-time assessment as the historical control group for a larger intervention study. The main outcome measure was self-efficacy to meet …

Ethics Committees In Outpatient Medical Practice: A Scoping Review, Milan Arya, Tyler Cholankeril, Marlowe Bogino, Meghan Crnic, Niharika Sathe, Isha M. Di Bartolo

Cooper Rowan Medical Journal

Introduction: This scoping review consolidates existing research on outpatient ethics committees (OECs). While inpatient or hospital ethics committees are well-researched and established, OECs are scarce in number and have received less attention from scholars, ethicists, and physicians, despite the increase in outpatient care utilization over the past two decades.

Methods: We conducted a scoping review following the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis. Key information sources included MEDLINE PubMed, Embase, and Academic Search Complete. Gray literature searching was conducted through Web of Science Database, keyword searching in Google Scholar, and backward citation searching was utilized. Relevant articles were screened …

Analyzing The Role Of Ai In Resident Education: An Evaluation Of Chatgpt On Ophthalmology Trainee Examination Questions By Subtopic, Kimberly Cartagena, Simran Ohri, Carolina Ramos, Yaxel Levin-Carrion, Alexandra Sanchez, Marko Oydanich, Albert S. Khouri

Journal of Academic Ophthalmology

Background: ChatGPT is a large-scale language model trained on various datasets to learn, analyze, and generate human-like answers to user’s questions. To assess its applicability to medical education, more information is required to understand whether its analyses can provide accurate and coherent responses to questions. The aim of this study was to characterize ChatGPT responses to ophthalmology questions according to subtopic to determine where the system might be used reliably in resident education and where its performance remains weak.

Methods: Ophthalmology questions were obtained from a widely utilized study resource, OphthoQuestions. Thirteen sections, each with a differing ophthalmic …

Osteogenesis Imperfecta And The Family: A Qualitative Analysis Of The Experiences Of Family And Caregivers, Gianna M Colombo, Andrew D Wiese, Amelia E Mercado, Whitney S Shepherd, Michelle Fynan, Kara Ayers, W Conor Rork, Kristin M Kostick-Quenet, Dianne Nguyen, Sophie C Schneider, Julia M Morales, Saniah I Kazimi, Hannah E Cho, Members Of The Bbdc, Chaya N Murali, Marie-Eve Robinson, Brendan Lee, V Reid Sutton, Eric A Storch

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Introduction: Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) describes a group of rare, heritable bone disorders causing bone fragility, tendency to fracture with minimal trauma, and chronic pain due to abnormal collagen synthesis. Limited research exists on the psychosocial impact of OI during childhood on caregivers and families.

Purpose: This study aimed to understand caregiver experiences, existing social support provided for families affected by OI, and the impact of OI on family life.

Method: Thirteen caregivers of individuals with OI participated in semistructured interviews. Researchers coded, abstracted, and analyzed qualitative data to develop themes on the psychosocial impact of OI on the family unit. …

Artificial Intelligence Policies In Bioethics And Health Humanities: A Comparative Analysis Of Publishers And Journals, Christopher Bobier, Daniel Rodger, Daniel Hurst

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

INTRODUCTION: Rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) pose novel ethical and practical challenges for scholarly publishing. Although AI-related policies are emerging in many disciplines, little is known about the extent and clarity of AI guidance in bioethics and health humanities journals.

METHODS: A search of publicly available journal lists from the American Society for Bioethics and Humanities, Health Humanities Consortium, and Association for Medical Humanities was supplemented with Google Scholar's top 20 bioethics journals ranked by h5-index. This yielded 54 unique journals, of which 50 remained after excluding those without a functional website or recent publications. AI policies were reviewed …

Pilot Survey Of Attitudes Toward Xenotransplantation Among Nursing Students In London, Uk., Daniel Rodger, Luz A. Padilla, Daniel J. Hurst, David K C Cooper, Gilberto Buzzi, Antonio Ríos

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

BACKGROUND: Solid organ xenotransplantation has been approved for clinical trials in the United States. Because of the role of nurses in patient decision-making, it is important to understand the attitudes of the future nursing workforce toward xenotransplantation. This pilot study aimed to investigate the attitudes of adult nursing students toward xenotransplantation.

METHODS: A cross-sectional survey design was used. The online pilot survey was completed by 33 undergraduate adult nursing students at one university in London, England. A minority of the hospitals that students may have had a clinical placement in had a transplant unit. The protocol for this study was …

Teaching Pathographies Of Mental Illness, Nathan Carlin, Angela Gomez, Margarita Ortiz

Faculty and Staff Publications

This paper describes the content and evolution of a fourth-year course for medical students on teaching pathographies of mental illness. (It is a follow-up to Nathan Carlin's Pathographies of Mental Illness that appeared as an Element in the Bioethics and Neuroethics series published by Cambridge University Press.) The course originally centered on classic (and some contemporary) memoirs; however, responding to student evaluations, newer material now ensures more diversity, with material written by women and people of color, and describes the difference that can make.

The Climate Is Changing Should Clinical Ethics Change, Too?, Joelle Robertson Preidler, Keisha Ray

Faculty and Staff Publications

No abstract provided.

Against The Phrase "Aggressive Care", Trevor M Bibler

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Language is the primary technology clinical ethicists use as they offer guidance about norms. Like any other piece of technology, to use the technology well requires attention, intention, skill, and knowledge. Word choice becomes a matter of professional practice. The Brief Report offers clinical ethicists several reasons for rejecting the phrase "aggressive care." Instead, ethicists should consider replacing "aggressive care" with the adjacent concept of a "recovery-focused path." The virtues of this neologism include: the opportunity to set aside the emotion of "aggression," the phrase's accuracy when capturing the intention of the patient or their representative, and an unappreciated rhetorical …

Sequencing-Based Detection Of Measles In Wastewater: Texas, January 2025, Sara Javornik Cregeen, Michael J Tisza, Blake Hanson, Marissa Cook, Anil Surathu, Rebecca Schneider, Jingjing Wu, Kirstin Short, Kaavya Domakonda, Loren Hopkins, Matthew C Ross, Joseph F Petrosino, Jennifer Deegan, Lauren B Stadler, Eric Boerwinkle, Anthony Maresso

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Measles is a potentially deadly viral infection spread via respiratory droplets from infected individuals. Outbreaks occur when vaccine coverage drops below the threshold of herd, or community, immunity. Using a sequencing-based approach, we report the prospective (January 7, 2025) detection of measles in nucleic acid extracts from 2 wastewater treatment plants in Houston, Texas, with a population of more than 218 000 residents. The sequencing data from 2 samples contained 53 unique reads mapping to 11 different regions of the measles virus genome with a 99.4% match to genotype B3. Importantly, no detections were observed from 821 previous samples from …

A Phase 2 Trial Of Short-Term Intravenous N-Acetylcysteine In Biliary Atresia After Kasai Portoenterostomy, Sanjiv Harpavat, Kristin A Borovsky, Michael E Scheurer, Laurel Cavallo, Franca E Erhiawarie, Sanjeev Vasudevan, Adam M Vogel, Dana Cerminara, Elizabeth M Tessier, Kalyani R Patel, Sridevi Devaraj, Benjamin L Shneider

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: For infants with biliary atresia, the only treatment that can establish bile flow and delay need for liver transplant is the Kasai portoenterostomy (KP). Unfortunately, the KP has variable success. In this study, we hypothesized that intravenous N-acetylcysteine (IV NAC) treatment following KP would improve bile flow.

Methods: This was a phase 2 study following the two-stage "minimax" trial design. Participants received IV NAC (150 mg/kg/day) for 7 days after KP, and the primary endpoint was achieving total serum bile acids (TSBA) ≤10 μmol/L within 24 weeks of KP. Secondary endpoints were clinical markers and the occurrence of sentinel …

"Holy Cow, Where Do I Sign Up?" Attitudes Of Military Veterans Toward Epigenomic Biomarker Toxic Exposure Testing, Stacey Pereira, Calvin Apodaca, Kyle Slominski, Rachele K Lipsky, Cristian Coarfa, Cheryl L Walker, Amy L Mcguire, Lea Steele, Drew A Helmer

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Introduction: After the Sergeant First Class Heath Robinson Honoring Our Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics Promise to Address Comprehensive Toxics (PACT) Act in 2022, there has been a great interest in studying toxic exposures encountered during military service. Development of epigenomic biomarkers for exposures could facilitate understanding of exposure-related health effects, but such testing could also provide unwanted information.

Materials and methods: We explored attitudes toward epigenomic biomarker research and the potential to test for past exposures using semistructured interviews with Veterans (n = 22) who experienced potentially harmful exposures.

Results: Twenty Veterans said they would hypothetically want to receive …

Trends In Adolescent Research And Practice: A Focused Study Of An Institutional Review Board Protocols For 2023, Kayode O. Ogunwenmo, Dora O. Akinboye, Grace O. Tayo, Cajethan O. Ezeamagu

Adventist Human-Subject Researchers Association

Adolescence is a complex phase of life with experiences and changes too rapid than apparent. A structured review of 1,023 protocols (2023) at our Review Board reflected the magnitude of diverse issues and challenges facing adolescents, which include health-seeking (41.5%), psycho-social (22.7%), risky behavior (21.2%), education (13.2%) and safety (1.45%).

Transforming Primary Care: Innovative Post Graduate Pa Training For Real-World Solutions, Kenneth Botelho, James Ali

Lynchburg Journal of Medical Science

The ongoing crisis in primary care demands innovative and scalable strategies to prepare and retain advanced practice providers. This article introduces the Primary Care Practitioner (PCP) Program, a conceptual postgraduate training model designed for certified physician associates/assistants (PAs) who aim to serve in underserved and rural communities. The program integrates advanced clinical training, leadership development, telehealth competencies, VR-enhanced simulation, and evidence-based strategies to promote provider resilience. Rooted in systems-based thinking and real-world applicability, the PCP Program culminates in capstone projects that encourage innovation in care delivery and population health.

Aligned with national frameworks such as the HRSA Primary Care Training …

Multiscale Modeling Of Drug-Induced Liver Injury From Organ To Lobule, Alon Malka-Markovitz, Stelian Camara Dit Pinto, Mohammed Cherkaoui, Steven M Levine, Sharmila Anandasabapathy, Gagan K Sood, Sadhna Dhingra, Gao Yujia, John M Vierling, Nicolas R Gallo

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Drug-induced liver injury poses significant challenges in drug development and in clinical care. This study builds on prior work developing a Human Liver Virtual Twin by creating a Multiscale Computational Fluid Dynamics framework that integrates patient-specific anatomical data to predict acetaminophen-induced liver injury as a demonstration of its capability. The model bridges vascular, lobular, and cellular scales to simulate dynamic blood flow, drug transport, and injury mechanisms that accurately reflect clinically observed spatial heterogeneity. Results demonstrate accurate blood flow dynamics, predictions of hepatocellular damage, and a scalable framework for studying spatial heterogeneity applicable to other hepatic pathologies. This work establishes …

Culture Wars In The Icu: When Medicine And Religion Collide, Ami Darby

Doctoral Dissertations and Projects

The overarching aim of this dissertation is to contribute to the research gap by investigating the experiences of Christian SDMs by asking two core questions: (1) Do covariates (Gender, Age, Education) and Religion predict satisfaction with care? and (2) Do covariates (Gender, Age, Education) and Religion predict satisfaction with decision making? This study contributes to the academic literature by addressing the gap in literature regarding the ICU experiences of Christian SDMs, and it extends John Kingdon’s Multiple Streams Theory (MST) to include its limitations in its failure to capture the political landscape within healthcare systems and the effect of institutional …

Representation Of Diseases And Health Care In Selected African Gyno-Texts, Rachael K. Aderoju

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This study explores the interdisciplinary field of literature and medicine through a feminist psychoanalytic lens, focusing on how Nigerian female writers represent illness, healthcare, and medical ethics in post-independence gyno-texts. Traditionally, scholarship in this field has centered on andro-texts (literary works authored by men), leaving a critical gap in the exploration of women’s perspectives. This research addresses that gap by analyzing nine prose works authored by Nigerian women, including texts by Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, Ayobami Adebayo, Lola Shoneyin, and Samira Haruna Sanusi. These texts are examined for their portrayal of diseases such as infertility, cancer, bipolar disorder, and renal failure, …

Comparative Effects Of Combustible Cigarette Versus Electronic Cigarette Exposures On Kras Mutant Lung Cancer Promotion, Walter V Velasco, Maria T Grimaldo, Nastaran Karimi, Michael J Clowers, Avantika Krishna, Ranran Wu, Rahmah Ejaz, Bo Yuan, Segundo Del Aguila, Iman Bouchelkia, Javier Eduardo Moreno Barragan, Katherine E Larsen, Yasmina Rezai, Farbod Khalaj, Kyler Mitra, Carlos Reyna Rodriguez, Ricardo Millares, Angelica Baca De Anda, Susana Castro-Pando, Umesh C Karandikar, Joseph F Petrosino, Florencia Mcallister, Humam Kadara, Edwin J Ostrin, Johannes F Fahrmann, Kristi Louise Hoffman, Seyed Javad Moghaddam

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Despite the emerging public health concern related to the use of electronic cigarette vapors (ECV), its impact on lung cancer is poorly understood. We assessed the effect of ECV on lung tumorigenesis in a mouse model of lung adenocarcinoma. Mice were exposed to either room air, combustible cigarette smoke (CCS), or ECV 2 hours daily for 8 weeks at which lung samples were harvested and studied for different outcomes. We found that CCS, but not ECV, led to a significant increase in tumor burden. Immunophenotyping of both CCS- and ECV-exposed lungs displayed pronounced pro-tumor immunosuppressive phenotypes, characterized by significantly decreased …

Attitudes Toward Pig Islet Xenotransplantation For Type 1 Diabetes: A Scoping Review, Daniel J Hurst, Daniel Rodger, Luz A Padilla, Fernando Ovalle

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

BACKGROUND: Over 8 million people globally have type 1 diabetes. Islet allotransplantation offers an alternative to insulin therapy but is constrained by donor availability. Genetically modified pig islet transplantation presents a potential solution, yet understanding stakeholder attitudes is crucial before clinical adoption.

METHODS: This scoping review followed Joanna Briggs Institute methodology and PRISMA guidelines. CINAHL, EMBASE, PubMed, PsychINFO, and SCOPUS were searched for studies examining attitudes toward pig islet xenotransplantation among patients, healthcare workers, and other stakeholders.

RESULTS: From 199 sources, 16 met eligibility criteria, spanning ten countries from 2003 to 2023. The 23,780 participants included 1,535 (6.5%) patients/family members, …

Self-Collection For Cervical Cancer Screening In A Safety-Net Setting: The Prestis Randomized Clinical Trial, Jane R Montealegre, Susan G Hilsenbeck, Shaun Bulsara, Susan L Parker, Trisha L Amboree, Matthew L Anderson, Maria Daheri, Maria L Jibaja-Weiss, Kathleen M Schmeler, Ashish A Deshmukh, Elizabeth Y Chiao, Michael E Scheurer

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Importance: There are limited data on the effectiveness of mailed self-collection to increase cervical cancer screening (CCS) participation in underresourced health care settings.

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of mailed self-collection kits, with and without patient navigation, to telephone reminders to increase CCS in a safety-net health system.

Design, setting, and participants: This pragmatic, parallel, single-blinded, randomized clinical trial within a publicly funded safety-net health system in Houston, Texas, compared (1) telephone reminder (TR) for clinic-based screening, (2) TR with mailed self-collection (SC), and (3) TR with mailed SC and patient navigation among a random sample of CCS-eligible patients not …

Prediction Of Methotrexate Neurotoxicity Using Clinical, Sociodemographic, And Area-Based Information In Children With Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia, Rachel D Harris, Olga A Taylor, Maria Monica Gramatges, Amy E Hughes, Mark Zobeck, Sandi Pruitt, M Brooke Bernhardt, Ashley Chavana, Van Huynh, Kathleen Ludwig, Laura Klesse, Kenneth Heym, Timothy Griffin, Rodrigo Erana, Juan Carlos Bernini, Ashley Choi, Yuu Ohno, Melissa A Richard, Alanna C Morrison, Han Chen, Bing Yu, Philip J Lupo, Karen R Rabin, Michael E Scheurer, Austin L Brown

Center for Medical Ethics and Health Policy Staff Publications

Background: Methotrexate is a critical component of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) therapy that can result in neurotoxicity which has been associated with an increased risk of relapse. We leveraged machine learning to develop a neurotoxicity risk prediction model in a diverse cohort of children with ALL.

Methods: We included children (age 2-20 years) diagnosed with ALL (2005-2019) and treated in Texas without pre-existing neurologic disease. Clinical information was obtained by medical record review. Neurotoxicity occurring post-induction and prior to maintenance therapy was defined as neurologic episodes occurring within 21 days of methotrexate. Suspected cases were independently confirmed by 2 …