Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Implementing A Child Friendly Menu Guide In A Pediatric Unit: Promoting Healthful Choices, Lauren Hull

Dissertations

Problem: Over 1/3 of children in the United States are overweight or obese and children’s nutritional status while hospitalized worsens rather than improves. Hospital meals have too many calories, too much sugar, and too few nutrients compared to recommended guidelines for children. The primary purpose of this quality improvement project is to increase the amount of healthy foods ordered by children in a southeastern pediatric hospital unit through implementation of a menu guide.

Methods: A quality improvement pre-post interventional pilot study was done through implementation of a child friendly menu guide promoting healthful eating. Data was collected by retrospective and …

Mothers’ Reflections On Cat Ownership For A Child With Autism Spectrum Disorder During Covid-19, Saskia Keville, Sophia De Vita, Amanda K. Ludlow

People and Animals: The International Journal of Research and Practice

Animal- assisted interventions are increasingly used as a complementary therapy in clinical practice to support people with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), with promising outcomes compared to traditional therapies. Less is understood about the therapeutic benefits of more accessible and affordable small pet ownership for families with a child with ASD, alongside the pets’ welfare living in these homes. This study explored the experiences of cat ownership for young people with ASD from the perspective of their mothers during a time of transition generated by COVID-19. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with six mothers and transcripts analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three …

Optimal Dosing Of Enoxaparin In Overweight And Obese Children, Abdallah Derbalah, Stephen Duffull, Catherine M. Sherwin, Kathleen Job, Hesham Al‐Sallami

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

Aim:Current enoxaparin dosing guidelines in children are based on total bodyweight. This is potentially inappropriate in obese children as it may overestimate thedrug clearance. Current evidence suggests that obese children may require lower ini-tial doses of enoxaparin, therefore the aim of this work was to characterise the phar-macokinetics of enoxaparin in obese children and to propose a more appropriatedosing regimen.Methods:Data from 196 unique encounters of 160 children who received enoxa-parin treatment doses were analysed. Enoxaparin concentration was quantified usingthe chromogenic anti factor Xa (anti-Xa) assay. Patients provided a total of 552 anti-Xa samples. Existing published pharmacokinetic (PK) models were fitted …

Surgical Perspectives Of Primary Liver Tumors In Children: A Series Of 76 Consecutive Cases, Pailin Arunsopha, Kanokrat Thaiwatcharamas, Sinobol Chusilp, Patchareeporn Tanming, Pongserath Sirichindakul, Nimmita Srisan, Katawaetee Decharun, Soottiporn Chittmittrapap, Paisarn Vejchapipat

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

Background: Primary liver tumors in children are rare. The objective of this study was to review cases of primary liver tumors in children who underwent tumor removal. Methods: Children (0 - 15 years old) who underwent surgery for primary liver tumors between 2006 and 2019 were studied. Their clinical data and pathological reports were reviewed. Demographic data, types of procedures, operative time, and post-operative complications were described. Data are expressed as mean  standard deviation. Results: There were 76 children (male/female = 39/37), who underwent resection for primary liver tumors. Their average age was 27.9  32.0 months. Asymptomatic abdominal …

Measuring Orthographic Influences On Phonological Processing In Beginning Readers: An Eyetracking Study, Emily Grace Fisher

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose – Both orthographic and phonemic awareness are essential to reading. However, the role of orthographic knowledge in phonemic awareness has not been thoroughly investigated in beginning readers until recently. The purpose of this study was to examine if orthographic knowledge influenced phonological processing in beginning readers and to establish a proof of concept for the use of eyetracking measures to examine these skills in young children.

Method – 22 participants, aged 6-7 years, completed norm-referenced assessments of language and reading ability as well as experimental measures of orthographic and phonological awareness while their eye movements were monitored.

Results – …

A Practical Focus On Egg Oral Immunotherapy, Aikaterini Anagnostou

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Egg allergy usually develops in the first year of life, with an estimated prevalence of 2.6%-9%. Rates of resolution and timing vary, with approximately one-third of patients outgrowing their egg allergy by age 6 years. Persistent egg allergy has been associated with high egg white specific immunoglobulin E levels and sensitization to the egg allergen component Gal d 1, which is resistant to heat and digestion. These individuals seem to have a more severe and persistent phenotype of egg allergy. Recently, an active approach has emerged for patients with food allergy, including those with egg allergy, in the form of …

Institute For Global Health And Development : Issue 4 - July - Sept 2022, Institute For Global Health And Development

IGHD Newsletters Archives

• Research Highlights
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• Reflections from IGHD’s Summer Interns
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• Obituary
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A Practical Focus On Milk Oral Immunotherapy, Aikaterini Anagnostou

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is a common childhood food allergy associated with a significant burden for those children who are affected and their families, including unintentional exposures that result in allergic reactions, severe allergic reactions, and anaphylaxis. In young children, cow's milk is one of the most frequent food triggers in anaphylactic episodes, and fatalities have also been described as a result of unintentional exposures, which reinforces the notion that milk allergy can be severe in some individuals. The natural history of CMA is favorable, with the allergy resolving over time in the majority of individuals, although some will have …

The Nutritional Quality Of Kids’ Menus From Cafés And Restaurants: An Australian Cross‐Sectional Study, Gina S. A. Trapp, Claire E. Pulker, Miriam Hurworth, Kristy K. Law, Sally Brinkman, Christina M. Pollard, Amelia J. Harray, Ros Sambell, Joelie Mandzufas, Stephanie Anzman‐Frasca, Siobhan Hickling

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Australian families increasingly rely on eating foods from outside the home, which in-creases intake of energy‐dense nutrient‐poor foods. ‘Kids’ Menus’ are designed to appeal to families and typically lack healthy options. However, the nutritional quality of Kids’ Menus from cafes and full‐service restaurants (as opposed to fast‐food outlets) has not been investigated in Australia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional quality of Kids’ Menus in restaurants and cafés in metropolitan Perth, Western Australia. All 787 cafes and restaurants located within the East Metropolitan Health Service area were contacted and 33% had a separate Kids’ Menu. The …

Correlates Of Zero-Dose Vaccination Status Among Children Aged 12–59 Months In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multilevel Analysis Of Individual And Contextual Factors, Chamberline E. Ozigbu, Bankole Olatosi Ph.D., Zhenlong Li, James W. Hardin, Nicole L. Hair

Faculty Publications

Despite ongoing efforts to improve childhood vaccination coverage, including in hard-to-reach and hard-to-vaccinate communities, many children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remain unvaccinated. Considering recent goals set by the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030), including reducing the number of zero-dose children by half, research that goes beyond coverage to identify populations and groups at greater risk of being unvaccinated is urgently needed. This is a pooled cross-sectional study of individual- and country-level data obtained from Demographic and Health Surveys Program and two open data repositories. The sample includes 43,131 children aged 12–59 months sampled between 2010 and 2020 in 33 SSA countries. …

Correlates Of Zero-Dose Vaccination Status Among Children Aged 12-59 Months In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Multilevel Analysis Of Individual And Contextual Factors, Chamberline Ozigbu, Bankole Olatosi, Zhenlong Li, James W. Hardin, Nicole L. Hair

Faculty Publications

Despite ongoing efforts to improve childhood vaccination coverage, including in hard-to-reach and hard-to-vaccinate communities, many children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) remain unvaccinated. Considering recent goals set by the Immunization Agenda 2030 (IA2030), including reducing the number of zero-dose children by half, research that goes beyond coverage to identify populations and groups at greater risk of being unvaccinated is urgently needed. This is a pooled cross-sectional study of individual- and country-level data obtained from Demographic and Health Surveys Program and two open data repositories. The sample includes 43,131 children aged 12–59 months sampled between 2010 and 2020 in 33 SSA countries. …

“You Never Exhale Fully Because You're Not Sure What's Next”: Parents' Experiences Of Stress Caring For Children With Chronic Conditions, Stephanie Smith, Mary Tallon, Carrie Clark, Lauren Jones, Evalotte Mörelius

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Children with chronic conditions are experiencing improved survival worldwide, and it is well-known that their parents are stressed. Yet, despite this knowledge, parents continue to experience stress. Our study explored the lived experience of parental stress when caring for children with various chronic conditions to identify opportunities to potentially reduce stress for these parents. This was an exploratory qualitative study using semi-structured interviews. To ensure appropriate research priorities were addressed, the study was co-designed with consumer and stakeholder involvement. Twenty parents were interviewed. Parents were recruited through a recognized family support organization for children with various care needs in Western …

Does Hiv-Related Stigma Depress Social Well-Being Of Youths Affected By Parental Hiv/Aids?, Yafei Zhao, Jiaojiao Wan, Lili Ji, Giagai Lui, Yixin Shi, Junfeng Zhao, Xiaoming Li Ph.D.

Faculty Publications

Parental illness or death due to HIV/AIDS has long-term impacts on children’s social well-being, potentially challenging the children’s basic developmental needs and future. Based on the theoretical model of social well-being, the present study tested a moderated mediation model that HIV-related stigma moderated the mediating role of social trust on the relationship between perceived social support (PSS) and social well-being. A sample of 297 youths aged 20–30 years affected by parental HIV/AIDS (57.2% male), including 129 (43.40%) AIDS orphans and 168 vulnerable youths (56.60%) completed questionnaires of perceived social support, social well-being, social trust, and HIV-related stigma. IBM SPSS 25.0 …

Psychosocial Considerations For The Child With Rare Disease: A Review With Recommendations And Calls To Action., Leslee Belzer, Margaret Wright, Emily J. Goodwin, Mehar N. Singh, Brian S. Carter

Manuscripts, Articles, Book Chapters and Other Papers

Rare diseases (RD) affect children, adolescents, and their families infrequently, but with a significant impact. The diagnostic odyssey undertaken as part of having a child with RD is immense and carries with it practical, emotional, relational, and contextual issues that are not well understood. Children with RD often have chronic and complex medical conditions requiring a complicated milieu of care by numerous clinical caregivers. They may feel isolated and may feel stigmas in settings of education, employment, and the workplace, or a lack a social support or understanding. Some parents report facing similar loneliness amidst a veritable medicalization of their …

Estimating Circadian Phase In Elementary School Children: Leveraging Advances In Physiologically Informed Models Of Circadian Entrainment And Wearable Devices, Jennette P Moreno, Kevin M Hannay, Olivia Walch, Hafza Dadabhoy, Jessica Christian, Maurice Puyau, Abeer El-Mubasher, Fida Bacha, Sarah R Grant, Rebekah Julie Park, Philip Cheng

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Examine the ability of a physiologically based mathematical model of human circadian rhythms to predict circadian phase, as measured by salivary dim light melatonin onset (DLMO), in children compared to other proxy measurements of circadian phase (bedtime, sleep midpoint, and wake time).

METHODS: As part of an ongoing clinical trial, a sample of 29 elementary school children (mean age: 7.4 ± .97 years) completed 7 days of wrist actigraphy before a lab visit to assess DLMO. Hourly salivary melatonin samples were collected under dim light conditions (<5 >lx). Data from actigraphy were used to generate predictions of circadian …

Development, Validity, And Cross-Context Equivalence Of The Child Food Insecurity Experiences Scale For Assessing Food Insecurity Of School-Age Children And Adolescents, Edward A. Frongillo Jr., Maryah S. Fram, Hala Ghattas Ph.D., Jennifer Bernal, Zeina Jamaluddine, Sharon I. Kirkpatrick, David Hammond, Elisabetta Aurino, Sharon Wolf, Sophie M. Goudet, Mara Nyawo, Chika Hayashi

Faculty Publications

Background: Children ages 6 to 17 years can accurately assess their own food insecurity, whereas parents are inaccurate reporters of their children's experiences of food insecurity. No globally applicable scale to assess the food insecurity of children has been developed and validated.

Objectives: We aimed to develop a globally applicable, experience-based measure of child and adolescent food insecurity and establish the validity and cross-contextual equivalence of the measure.

Methods: The 10-item Child Food Insecurity Experiences Scale (CFIES) was based on items previously validated from questionnaires from the United States, Venezuela, and Lebanon. Cognitive interviews were conducted to check understanding of …

All You Knead Is Love, Donna Madoff

Expressive Therapies Capstone Theses

This thesis explores the development of a method to gain a deeper understanding of the process of making bread’s potential as art therapy. The Expressive Therapies Continuum (ETC), mindfulness arts-based research, and neurobiological research provide the foundation for understanding the method. Lusebrink and Hinz's schematic framework, the ETC provides a therapeutic model for the applications of media in art therapy. Research posits that the three levels of the ETC, Kinesthetic/Sensory, Perceptual/Affective, and Cognitive/Symbolic reflect different functions and structures in the brain that process visual and affective information (Lusebrink, 2004). In addition, the application of new techniques in brain imaging has …

Burden, Clinical Characteristics, Risk Factors, And Seasonality Of Adenovirus 40/41 Diarrhea In Children In Eight Low-Resource Settings, Godfrey Guga, Sarah Elwood, Caroline Kimathi, Gagandeep Kang, Margaret N. Kosek, Aldo A M Lima, Pascal O. Bessong, Amidou Samie, Najeeha Talat Iqbal, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Background: The application of molecular diagnostics has identified enteric group adenovirus serotypes 40 and 41 as important causes of diarrhea in children. However, many aspects of the epidemiology of adenovirus 40/41 diarrhea have not been described.
Methods: We used data from the 8-site Etiology, Risk Factors, and Interactions of Enteric Infections and Malnutrition and the Consequences for Child Health and Development Project birth cohort study to describe site- and age-specific incidence, risk factors, clinical characteristics, and seasonality.
Results: The incidence of adenovirus 40/41 diarrhea was substantially higher by quantitative polymerase chain reaction than enzyme immunoassay and peaked at ∼30 episodes …

Resilience Training & Parental Support For Children Who Stutter - A Systematic Review, Rachel Elizabeth Davis

Honors Theses

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between emotional resilience and family/parental/caregiver support for children who stutter, and to review existing research on resilience training and family support relative to enhancing the quality of life in children who stutter. Thus, A systematic review of appropriate published studies was conducted utilizing the electronic databases PubMed and Google Scholar. Analysis revealed that there is an abundance of research supporting parental support and resilience training; however, there was limited direct clinical application relative to the unification of these concepts. Data indicates that the clinical application of emotional resilience and cognitive …

Effect Of Sin Lek Rice Intervention On Cognitive Function, Dietary Patterns, And Fecal Microbiota Of Elementary School Children In Chiang Rai, Thailand, Angie Setthavongsack, Siam Popluechai,, Jackilen Shannon, Justin Denny, Eleni Gentekaki, Kongkiat Kespechara, Lucky Gruneck, Thomas J. Sharpton, Eddie Niwed, Lisa K. Marriott

Student Research Symposium

I will be speaking about our ongoing project with OHSU and Mae Fah Luang University about the effects of a highly fibrous rice called “Sin Lek” and the changes it will do to both the gut microbiome and cognitive function. My data analysis focuses solely on memory, attention span, and impulsivity on Thai schoolchildren. The poster will document baseline data and it’s outcomes, along with brief information about Dr. Siam Popluechai’s lab findings on certain microbiome species. I will also be going in depth about the area of the study, along with how these were tested such as explaining the …

Assessment And Treatment Of Childhood Apraxia Of Speech: The Perspective Of Current Speech-Language Pathologists, Sabrina White

Rehabilitation, Human Resources and Communication Disorders Undergraduate Honors Theses

“Childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) is a neurological childhood (pediatric) speech sound disorder in which the precision and consistency of movements underlying speech are impaired in the absence of neuromuscular deficits (e.g. abnormal reflexes, abnormal tone)” (ASHA, 2007b, Definitions of CAS section, para. 1). The role of speech-language pathology in conjunction with childhood apraxia of speech is the treatment of whichever speech sound disorders exist. The variable nature of CAS creates challenges for SLPs. Presently, “there are no validated diagnostic features that differentiate CAS from other childhood speech sound disorders.” (ASHA, 2007b, Signs and Symptoms, para 1). Due to this …

Bullied Because Of Their Teeth: Evidence From A Longitudinal Study On The Impact Of Oral Health On Bullying Victimization Among Australian Indigenous Children, Md Irteja Islam, Verity Chadwick, Tuguy Esgin, Alexandra Martiniuk

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Making life better for Indigenous peoples is a global priority. Although bullying and oral health have always been a topic of concern, there is limited information regarding the impact of this problem on the general population, with no evidence in this regard among the Australian Indigenous population. Thus, we aimed to quantify the relationship between bullying victimization and oral health problems by remoteness among 766 Australian Indigenous children aged between 10–15-years using data from the LSIC study. Bivariate and multilevel mixed-effect logistic regression analyses were employed. Findings indicated children self-reported bullying more than parents reported their children were being bullied …

Using Height-Adjusted Stunting Prevalence Will Fail Disadvantaged Children Worldwide, Jef L. Leroy, Edward A. Frongillo Jr. Ph.D., Elaine Borghi

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

A Child's Experience Working Through Grief: A Booklet For School Aged Children Navigating Their Grief Journeys, Alyssa Johnson

Senior Honors Projects

The term grief describes the feelings you experience in response to the death of a person in your life, while the term mourning represents the period in which you feel or express signs of grief or sorrow. A child’s grief experience after the death of a significant person in their life is an often overlooked and understudied topic. The importance of being open and honest with children as they navigate their grief journey is at the forefront of this project. Using research regarding how children process, express, and understand grief, I created, “A Person In My Life Has Died, What …

Incorporating Trust-Based Relational Intervention In Occupational Therapy To Address Mental Health Needs Of Elementary Students, Maci K. Stouffer

Occupational Therapy Capstone Presentations

Background. The rate of children experiencing mental health issues is increasing exponentially. Many mental health conditions could be successfully treated in childhood, yet they are overlooked, with only half of the diagnosed cases treated and many others undiagnosed. Youth spend much of their day in school. Therefore, their mental health must be addressed within this setting. Purpose. This capstone project aimed to develop and implement a trauma-informed, occupation-based intervention program for elementary students. Equipping students with self-regulation skills, teaching appropriate calming strategies, and providing opportunities to practice the main components of building healthy relationships. The school staff was educated on …

The Prevalence Of Iron Deficiency And Obesity Among Young Children In The United States, Mirriam Abunaja

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Background The coexistence of obesity and iron deficiency among children is one manifestation of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) and is a public health concern. This study aims to provide useful insight on public health knowledge by presenting a current snapshot of the coexistence of obesity and iron deficiency among pre-school aged children as well as specific risk factors.

Methods This analysis utilizes secondary data from a publicly accessible, national database, the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). The data examined were retrieved from the years 2015-2016 and 2017-2018. Chi-squared tests were used to test each thesis question. …

Sustainability Via Active Garden Education: The Sustainability Action Plan Model And Process, Rebecca E Lee, Jacob Szeszulski, Elizabeth Lorenzo, Anel Arriola, Meg Bruening, Paul A Estabrooks, Jennie L Hill, Teresia M O'Connor, Gabriel Q Shaibi, Erica G Soltero, Michael Todd

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Sustainability of intervention programming is challenging to achieve under real world conditions, since few models exist and many studies do not plan far beyond the funding period. Programming content in early care and education centers (ECECs) is often driven by guidelines. However, implementation is very sensitive to contextual factors, such as the setting and implementer (teacher) characteristics. This paper presents the model, definitions, and methodology used for the sustainability action plan capitalizing on a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach, developed for a multi-site, multi-level garden-based childhood obesity prevention study, Sustainability via Active Garden Education (SAGE). The Ecologic Model of Obesity …

Comparative Effects Of High-Intensity Interval Warm-Up Exercise And Bronchodilator On Exercise-Induced Bronchoconstriction In Children With Mild Asthma, Michael Wong

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

Purpose: The troubling link between obesity and asthma in children, along with greater associated detrimental health effects, warrants investigation to better understand the mechanisms driving this relationship as well as its consequences, especially during exercise. Bronchodilators and interval warm-up exercises are recommended by the American Thoracic Society to prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Whether interval warm-up exercise can prevent EIB to the same extent as bronchodilators in asthmatic children is unknown but clinically important. Therefore, the first purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of obesity on pulmonary function, exercise tolerance, and exercise-induced bronchoconstriction in asthmatic children. The second …

Pre-Migration To Post-Migration – Mental Health Problems In Unaccompanied Migrant Children From The Northern Triangle Of Central America, Paola Zuniga

Electronic Theses, Projects, and Dissertations

Background - The number of unaccompanied migrant children arriving at the U.S. southern border has significantly increased. Each year, children are forced to flee from their native countries of Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador. These countries form the Northern Triangle region of Central America, which is recognized as “one of the most dangerous places on earth” according to the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR). Children from this region, experience significant trauma during their pre-migration, in-transit, and post-migration journey. This raises significant concerns about potential mental health problems. For this reason, access to mental health services for UMCs is …

Parents' Experiences Of Children With A Rare Disease Attending A Mainstream School: Australia, Mandie Foster, Esther Adama, Diana Arabiat, Kevin Runions, Rena Vithiatharan, Maggie Zgambo, Ashleigh Lin

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Purpose:

To explore the perceptions of parents who had a child or adolescent (6-18 years) diagnosed with a rare disease who attended a mainstream school in Western Australia.

Design and methods:

A cross-sectional online survey was conducted with 41 parents of children with a rare disease. Here we report the findings of 14 open-ended questions on their experience of illness-related factors and impact on school-related social activities, such as sports, school camps and leadership roles whilst their child with a rare disease attended a mainstream school in Australia. Responses were analysed using an inductive thematic content approach.

Results:

We identified …