Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Using Social Cognitive Theory To Predict Physical Activity In Inner-City African American School Children, Jeffrey J. Martin, Nate Mccaughtry

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Researchers using social cognitive theory and employing built environment constructs to predict physical activity (PA) in inner-city African American children is quite limited. Thus, the purpose of our investigation was to evaluate the ability of important social cognitive variables (e.g., self-efficacy) and built environment constructs (e.g., neighborhood hazards) to predict African American children’s PA. Children (N = 331, ages 10–14) completed questionnaires assessing social cognitive theory constructs and PA. Using multiple regression analyses we were able to account for 19% of the variance in PA. Based on standardized beta weights, the best predictors of PA were time spent outside …

Rhabdomyosarcoma Embryonal Type: In A Three And A Half Year Old Girl, Ameer A Khowaja, Saqib Ali Gowani, Asmatullah Khan, Saulat H. Fatimi

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Rhadomyosarcoma is the most common tumour of the soft tissues in infants and children. We report a case of a 3 1/2 year old girl who presented with a swelling over the neck. Swelling was diagnosed as Rhabdomyosarcoma (embryonal type). Tumour mass was found to be unresectable initially. The patient was subjected to multiple courses of checmotherapy, which shrunk the tumour significantly. There was simultaneous development of cystic lesions in upper lobe of right lung. Excision of the remnant rhabdomyosarcoma mass and biopsy of right lung with cystectomy of right upper lobe cystic lesion was performed. The patient fully recovered …

Enterocutaneous Fistulae In Children - A Management Challenge, Ali Imran Amjad, Saqib Hamid Qazi, Zafar Nazir

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

No abstract provided.

Recognition Of Emotion In Facial Expressions By Children With Language Impairment, Dorthy A. Stott

Theses and Dissertations

Recent research has shown that children with language impairment (LI) have increased social difficulties. This study examined the relationship between language skills and emotion understanding through recognition of facial expressions of emotion in children with LI and their typically developing peers. It is a replication of the research of Spackman, Fujiki, Brinton, Nelson, and Allen (2005) and Atwood (2006). Participants consisted of 22 children with LI and 22 age- and gender-matched peers with typically developing language, from the age range of 7:0 to 10:11 years. They were shown photographs of faces conveying one of the following emotions: happiness, sadness …

Performance On Natural Dissemblance Tasks In 7-11 Year-Old, Language-Impaired And Typically Developing Children, Noel Quist

Theses and Dissertations

Studies over the past several years have shown that children with language impairment (LI) have greater difficulty in social situations than typically developing children. More specifically, studies have shown that children with LI have more difficulty with dissemblance. This study was conducted to assess whether these children are less likely to dissemble in real-life situations. Forty-four children aged 7 to 11 years (22 LI and 22 typically developing) were presented with four situations designed to elicit dissemblance. Their reactions were scored and compared. The results of this study showed subtle differences between children with LI and typically developing children. Children …

England, Pamela (Fa 276), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid and full-text scan of paper (Click on “Additional Files” below) for Folklife Archives Project 276. Paper: "Pediatrics Clinic and Well-Child Care Clinic" written by Pamela England for a Western Kentucky University folk studies class.

What Are The Individual Preparations For Children With Special Health Care Needs In The Event Of An Emergency?, Karen Sue Barcelo

Master of Public Health Program Student Publications

Children with special health care needs are one of the most vulnerable groups in the event of an emergency. Natural and manmade disasters or emergency events occur on a daily basis. Government agencies, schools and day care centers have begun developing emergency disaster plans; fewer plans have been developed for children with special needs. One explanation for the lack of specific planning for children is that agencies may believe that plans for adults are not different from plans for children. There may be many reasons why parents who have children with special needs may not have an emergency plan in …

Type 1 Diabetes: A Non-Fiction Perspective/ Just A Kid: Emily’S Diabetes Story, Kristen Moody

Senior Honors Projects

How many people do you know with diabetes? Many Americans are living with this disease in our society today. As adults, acknowledging this prevalence seems to be an easy task. However, imagine yourself as a young elementary school child. How much do you know about diseases? What happens if a student in your classroom has a disease? What do you think of this person? For some children, these questions are an imminent reality, part of their everyday childhood life. Thinking about the answers to similar questions mentioned above, I understand the importance of a reliable, accurate, and knowledgeable source for …

Short-Course Versus Long-Course Antibiotic Therapy For Non-Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia In Children Aged 2 Months To 59 Months, Batool A. Haider, Muhammad Ammad Saeed, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Background: Pneumonia is the leading cause of mortality in children under five years of age. Treatment of pneumonia requires an effective antibiotic used in adequate doses for an appropriate duration. Recommended duration of treatment ranges between 7 and 14 days, but this is not based on any empirical evidence. Shorter duration of therapy, if found to be effective, could be particularly important in resource-poor settings where there is a high risk of death, poor access to medicines and health care, and limited budgets for medicines.
Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of short- course versus long-course therapy with the same antibiotic …

An Assessment Of An Education Intervention On Youth Sports Coaches Knowledge Of Concussions, Heidi Elizabeth Brigham

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Research has shown that sport related concussions are occurring at high rates across the United States. Research has also shown that there are many misconceptions among youth sports coaches regarding concussions. Therefore the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an educational intervention on the knowledge of concussion recognition, management and prevention for youth sports coaches. A secondary purpose was to compare various relationships between demographic characteristics and the concussion knowledge assessment scores. A twenty-one question multiple choice assessment and 16 option symptom recognition checklist was utilized to assess concussion knowledge prior to and following an educational …

Event Related Potentials Of Syntactic Language Processing In Two Children With Specific Language Impairment: A Case Study, Melissa Ann Willes

Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the electrophysiological activity of two children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and two aged-matched peers while listening to syntactically correct sentences versus syntactically incorrect sentences. The study specifically analyzed the N400 and P600 components. The N400 component is a negative wave occurring approximately 400 ms post-stimulus and is elicited by semantically incorrect stimuli. The P600 component is a positivity that occurs approximately 600 ms post-stimulus and reflects processing of syntactically incorrect stimuli. The participants in the study included a 7-year-old child and a 9-year-old child with SLI and two age-matched peers with typically developing language. Each participant …

Developing The Anker Bilateral Spatial System, Janet Richmond

ECU Posters

Determining the effect of using the Anker Bilateral Spatial System (ABSS) to enhance the development of bilateral and spatial functioning of individuals with visual perceptual or sensory processing difficulties.

Serum Transforming Growth Factor-Β (Tgf-Β), Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 (Mmp-2), Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 (Mmp-9) And Tissue Inhibitors Of Metalloproteinase (Timp-1) Levels In Childhood Asthma, Fi̇gen Doğu, Ali̇şan Yildiran, Deni̇z Güloğlu, Funda Erol Çi̇pe, Mutlu Yüksek, Emel Babacan, Aydan İki̇nci̇oğullari

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aims: Airway remodelling is a characteristic feature of asthma and is a dynamic process involving extracellular matrix (ECM) production and its degradation. In this regard, the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their specific inhibitors known as tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) have been shown to be important in this process. In the present study, transforming growth factor (TGF)-\beta, MMP-2, MMP-9 and TIMP-1 levels in serum samples of children with stable asthma and healthy controls were evaluated to determine whether these levels show any difference between asthmatic and healthy children and whether or not these levels change with atopic status. Materials and …

Unexpected Complication Due To Shigella Flexneri In A Child: Acute Appendicitis, Cüneyt Tayman, Alparslan Tonbul, Emi̇n Mete, Ferhat Çatal, Burhan Köseoğlu

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Acute bacillary dysentery (shigellosis) occurs due to infections with shigella sp. The spectrum of acute shigellosis ranges from mild watery diarrhea to severe dysentery. Surgical complications of shigellosis described in children have included appendicitis with or without perforation, colonic perforation, intestinal obstruction, and intraabdominal abscess. Acute appendicitis and infective diarrheal illness can be difficult to differentiate, particularly in children. Thus, patients must be followed up closely until the differentiation between bacterial gastroenteritis and acute appendicitis can be made. We report herein a 10-year-old boy who had acute appendicitis due to Shigella flexneri.

Physical Activity And Blood Pressure In Childhood: Findings From A Population-Based Study, Sam D. Leary, Andy R. Ness, George Davey Smith, Calum Mattocks, Kevin Deere, Steven N. Blair, Chris J. Riddoch

Faculty Publications

The pathological processes associated with development of cardiovascular disease begin early in life. For example, elevated blood pressure (BP) can be seen in childhood and tracks into adulthood. The relationship between physical activity (PA) and BP in adults is well-established, but findings in children have been inconsistent, with few studies measuring PA mechanically. Children aged 11 to 12 years were recruited from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. 5505 had systolic and diastolic BP measurements, plus valid (at least 10 hours for at least 3 days) accelerometer measures of PA; total PA recorded as average counts per minute …

Conclusions And Recommendations Of A Who Expert Consultation Meeting On Iron Supplementation For Infants And Young Children In Malaria Endemic Areas [Conclusions Et Recommandations À L'Issue De La Consultation De L'Oms Sur La Lutte Contre La Carence Martiale Chez Le Nourrisson Et Le Jeune Enfant Dans Les Pays D'Endémie Palustre], L. Allen, R.E. Black, N. Brandes, G. Brittenham, G. Chazot, C Chunming, J. Crawley, B. De Benoist, N. Dalmiya, I. Darnton-Hill, K. Dewey, S. El-Arifeen, O. Fontaine, C. Geissler, H. Haberle, P. Harvey, J. Hasler, C. Hershko, R. Hurrell, M.A. Juma, B. Lonnerdal, B. Lozoff, S. Lynch, H. Martines Salgado, E. Mclean, J. Metz, S. Oppenheimer, Zul Premji, A. Prentice, M. Ramsan, C. Ratledge, R. Stoltzfus, J. Tielsch

Pathology, East Africa

This article presents the results of an expert consultation meeting aimed at evaluating the safety and public health implications of administering supplemental iron to infants and young children in malaria-endemic areas. Participants at this meeting that took place in Lyon, France on June 12-14, 2006 reached consensus on several important issues related to iron supplementation for infants and young children in malaria-endemic areas. The conclusions in this report apply specifically to regions where malaria is endemic.

Special Article: Physical Activity, Physical Fitness, And Cardiovascular Risk Factors In Childhood, Samuel S. Gidding

Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers

In adults, physical activity and exercise training are associated with reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, a reduced likelihood of developing adverse cardiovascular risk factors, and improved insulin sensitivity. In childhood, participation in appropriate physical activity may prevent the development of cardiovascular risk factors in the future and complement treatment of existing cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and overweight. Exercise in children can also significantly improve insulin sensitivity independent of weight loss. These e fects are mediated in overweight children by increases in lean body mass relative to fat mass and associated improvements in inflammatory mediators, endothelial function, and the …

The Influence Of Ambient Lighting Levels On Postural Sway In Healthy Children Ages 9 To 11, Yvette Blanchard, Rebecca Mcveigh, Megan Graham, Melissa Cadet, Kabulo Mwilambwe, Christi Scott

All PTHMS Faculty Publications

The purpose of this study was to determine whether postural sway in healthy children varied in different levels of ambient lighting. Twelve boys and 26 girls with a mean age of 118 months stood on a force platform under three conditions: eyes closed, eyes opened in regular light (200 lx) and eyes opened in dim light (3 lx). Analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons revealed significantly more postural sway with the eyes closed condition compared to the regular and dim light conditions but no differences between the regular and dim light conditions. While our results on postural sway during the …

Engaging Primary Health Care Providers In The Promotion Of Healthy Weight Among Young Children: Barriers And Enablers For Policy And Management, Lydia A. Hearn, Margaret R. Miller, Donna S. Cross

Research outputs pre 2011

Recent national efforts to stem the alarming growth of childhood overweight and obesity in Australia have highlighted the importance of preventative strategies that focus beyond the child-on parents, families, primary health care providers (PHCPs) and child care services. But, while such efforts have to date focused on school-based interventions, once poor eating habits and sedentary lifestyles have set in, a growing body of research is indicating that PHCPs can play a more influential role in monitoring and modifying factors affecting prevention and early intervention in preschool children. This paper presents the findings of a systematic review to: (a) identify key …

Phase I Study Of Medi-534 Of A Live, Attenuated Intranasal Vaccine Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus And Parainfluenza-3 Virus In Seropositive Children, Margarita Gomez, Maurice A. Mufson, Filip Dubovsky, Conor Knightly, Wen Zeng, Genevieve Losonsky

Internal Medicine

A live, attenuated respiratory syncytial virus and parainfluenza virus type 3 vaccine was evaluated in healthy respiratory syncytial virus/parainfluenza virus type 3 seropositive children aged 1 to 9 years. Three cohorts of 40 children were randomized 1:1 to receive 10^4, 10⁵ or 10⁶ median tissue culture infectious dose₅₀ MEDI-534 vaccine of placebo. The vaccine's safety profile was similar to placebo, no viral shedding was detected, and the vaccine was minimally immunogenic.

Intervention For Children With Developmental Coordination Disorder: A Systematic Review, Susan Hillier

Internet Journal of Allied Health Sciences and Practice

Prevalence of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD) is high (6-13% of all school children) and the negative impact of their movement difficulties on their participation in recreation and academic pursuits is well documented. This secondary research systematically reviewed the available literature for evidence of effectiveness of interventions that aim to improve the movement capability of children with DCD. Specified databases were searched for appropriate studies, these were retrieved and two reviewers appraised the level and quality of evidence. Thirty one studies were included between levels I and III-3 of the NH & MRC protocol. Scoring using an established critical …

Blindness In Children At The Ida Rieu School For The Blind And Deaf, Sadia Javed Khan, Afshan Hassan, Laila Khalid, Uzma Karim, Erum Hashmi, Fariha Gul, Imtiaz Jehan

Community Health Sciences

Objective: To identify the causes of blindness at the Ida Rieu school for the blind and deaf, Karachi, Pakistan.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at the Ida Rieu School for the blind and deaf. The data collected from medical record of students was entered into the WHO/PBL eye examination form for children with blindness and low vision.Results: Records of 144 pupils aged between 4-30 years were reviewed, including 67% males and 33% females. One third (31%) children had visual impairment (< 6/18-6/60) and 69% were blind (< 3/60-NPL). The commonest anatomical site was retina (41%) and whole globe (20%). The etiology was unknown in 49% cases. In 33% of cases, the data suggested hereditary cause as the etiology, 40% of cases were preventable and 13% treatable.CONCLUSION: Avoidable causes of blindness were seenin 53% of children, 58% of which were preventable and 19 were treatable.

Psychometric Evaluation Of An Instrument For Assessing Policy Outcomes For Families With Children Who Have Severe Developmental Disabilities: The Beach Center Family Quality Of Life Scale, Joni Taylor Mcfelea

Health Services Research Dissertations

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Beach Center Family Quality of Life Scale (BCFQLS) in a sample of families with children who have severe developmental disabilities. The study sought to determine whether or not the scale could be used to measure the quality of life of such families and to differentiate between the quality of life of two family groups—those whose child lives in the family home and those whose child lives outside the family home.

The study used an observational, cross-sectional design and both qualitative and quantitative methods. Self-identified primary caregivers of …

The Theory Of Planned Behavior: Predicting Physical Activity In Mexican American Children, Jeffrey J. Martin, Kimberly L. Oliver, Nate Mccaughtry

Kinesiology, Health and Sport Studies

Theoretically grounded research on the determinants of Mexican American children's physical activity and related psychosocial variables is scarce. Thus, the purpose of our investigation was to evaluate the ability of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict Mexican American children's self-reported moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Children (N = 475, ages 9–12) completed questionnaires assessing the TPB constructs and MVPA. Multiple regression analyses provided moderate support for the ability of the TPB variables to predict MVPA as we accounted for between 8–9% of the variance in MVPA. Attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control accounted for 45% of the …

Manic Symptoms And Behavioral Dysregulation In Youth With Velocardiofacial Syndrome (22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome)., Alka Aneja, Wanda Fremont, Kevin M. Antshel, Stephen V. Faraone, Nuria Abdulsabur, Anne Marie Higgins, Robert J. Shprintzen, Wendy R. Kates

Communication Disorders Faculty Publications

Mania and bipolar disorder have been reported in adolescents and adults with velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS; also known as 22q11.2 deletion syndrome). Children with VCFS have a high prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which may constitute a risk factor for the eventual development of bipolar disorder in this population. Therefore, we sought to determine whether children with VCFS exhibit more manic symptoms than community controls that also may have learning disorders and ADHD. The study population consisted of 86 children with VCFS and 36 community controls from ages 9 to 15 years, using measures of Young Mania Rating Scale-Parent Version, Schedule …

Objectively Measured Physical Activity And Fat Mass In A Large Cohort Of Children, Andy R. Ness, Sam D. Leary, Calum Mattocks, Steven N. Blair, John J. Reilly, Jonathan Wells, Sue Ingle, Kate Tilling, George Davey Smith, Chris J. Riddoch

Faculty Publications

Background: Previous studies have been unable to characterise the association between physical activity and obesity, possibly because most relied on inaccurate measures of physical activity and obesity.

Methods and Findings: We carried out a cross sectional analysis on 5,500 12-year-old children enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. Total physical activity and minutes of moderate and vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured using the Actigraph accelerometer. Fat mass and obesity (defined as the top decile of fat mass) were measured using the Lunar Prodigy dual x-ray emission absorptiometry scanner. We found strong negative associations between MVPA and …

Cryptosporidiosis Among Children Attending Al-Nasser Pediatric Hospital, Gaza, Palestine, Adnan Ibrahim Al-Hindi, Abdelraouf A. Elmanama, Kamal Jad Allah Elnabris

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Aim: The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of cryptosporidiosis in patients with diarrhea who attended Al-Nasser Pediatric Hospital in Gaza. Materials and Methods: From January to May 2005, single stool specimens from each of 416 children attending Al-Nasser Hospital were examined by Ziehl Neelsen (ZN) stain and ELISA for the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Results: Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected in 62 (14.9%) of the tested specimens by acid-fast staining technique and in 68 (16.3%) using ELISA kit. The number of infected females was found to be significantly higher than males (P = 0.03). The highest number of …

Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy, N. Prapphal

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

On A Multinational Assessment Of Rotavirus Disease In Europe, David O. Matson

Community & Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Rotaviruses were discovered in the 1960s in animals and in the 1970s in humans; the latter discovery was made by an intrepid group who performed duodenal biopsies on children with acute gastroenteritis (AGE) [1]. By the late 1970s, data already clearly indicated that rotavirus was the cause of the annual winter peak of AGE affecting young children, as well as a frequent cause of severe gastroenteritis in various animal species (e.g., [2–5]). Use of the retrospectroscope clarified or left as tantalizing the suggestion that rotaviruses were the cause of the annual “winter vomiting syndrome” first described in children in 1910 …

Analysis Of Speech Motor Control In Children With Normal Development: Preliminary Report, Liang-Yi Yang, Chai-Ling Chen, Wei-Hsien Hong, Hsieh-Ching Chen, Ching-Yi Wu, Alice M.K. Wong

Rehabilitation Practice and Science

Speech is a complex motor skill. It requires the coordination of articulatory and phonation systems, including the chest wall, larynx and oral system, to produce precise oral motor control. Treatment of motor speech dysfunction is based on understanding the mechanism underlying normal speech development and motor control. The purpose of this study is to establish speech motor control patterns in children with normal development (ND) by kinematic analysis.Twenty-eight children with ND (16 males and 12 females) aged 4 to 12 years participated in this study. The children were split into three groups based on age: group A aged 4 to …