Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Comparative Review Of “How To” Books For Parents Of Adhd Children And “How To” Books For Parents Of Typical Children, Bora Pajo, Paul H. Stuart Dr.

All Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Although an increasing number of children are diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and take medications to control their behaviors, a well-publicized controversy persists about whether ADHD refers to a common neurobehavioral disorder of childhood or to various medicalized temperamental, educational, and cultural differences and difficulties of children. Moreover, behaviors indicative of ADHD are commonly found among all children—although with different frequencies. This paper aims to identify and compare the type of information provided to parents of ADHD and non-ADHD diagnosed children through readily available self-help books. Searches using popular online bookstores were conducted to rank and select the …

Defiant Children: A Clinician's Manual For Assessment And Parent Training By Russell A. Barkley, M.D., Stephen Zerby M.D.

Jefferson Journal of Psychiatry

No abstract provided.

Early Detection Of Autism In The Population, John D. Mclennan M.D., Ph.D.

Jefferson Journal of Psychiatry

Frequently there is a delay in the diagnosis of autism in children which may result in a lost opportunity to provide early intervention. Signal detection studies have suggested that single items have good predictability for autism which suggests simple screening procedures may be helpful in the early detection of an autistic disorder. Studies of autism in the very young have found that specific social deficits appear to characterize this group. A three stage procedure is presented as a possible approach to detect autism at an early age in the population thereby allowing for early intervention.

Children And Adolexcents Of Distinction - Culturally Diverse Children And Adolescents: Assessment, Diagnosis, And Treatment By Ian A. Canino, M.D. And Jeanne Spurlock, M.D., Lloyda R. Broomes M.D.

Jefferson Journal of Psychiatry

No abstract provided.

Ethnic And Immigration Status Differences On Child Indicators Of Health For European Americans And Latinos, Christina Granillo, David V. Chavez, Donna M. Garcia, Kelly Campbell

Psychology Faculty Publications

This study examined the effects of ethnicity and immigration status on subjective and objective health (Body Mass Index; BMI) for Latino and European American children. Social identity and comparison theories were used to frame the investigation. Southern California parents were randomly selected to complete a telephone interview about their children’s health yielding a sample of 165 European American and 152 Latino participants. Compared to European Americans, Latinos evidenced poorer subjective and objective health. Latino children who had a caregiver who was a citizen had better subjective health than Latino children whose caregiver was not a citizen. BMI was correlated with …

Increased Prevalence Of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Nasal Colonization In Household Contacts Of Children With Community Acquired Disease, Yaseen Rafee, Nahed Abdel-Haq, Basim Asmar, Tanaz Salimnia, Celine Pharm, Michael J. Rybak Pharm, Muhammad Amjad

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

To measure Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) nasal colonization prevalence in household contacts of children with current community associated (CA)-MRSA infections (study group) in comparison with a group of household contacts of children without suspected Staphylococcus aureus infection (a control group).

Methods

This is a cross sectional study. Cultures of the anterior nares were taken. Relatedness of isolated strains was tested using pulse field gel electrophoresis (PFGE).

Results

The prevalence of MRSA colonization in the study group was significantly higher than in the control group (18/77 (23%) vs 3/77 (3.9%); p ≤ 0.001). The prevalence of SA colonization was …

Social And Emotional Outcomes Of Australian Children From Indigenous And Culturally And Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds, Naomi Priest, Jennifer Baxter, Linda Hayes

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

Objectives: 1) profile the living environments and 2) examine the social and emotional outcomes of Australian children from Indigenous and cultural and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds at school entry. Method: Secondary analysis of cross- sectional data collected in Wave 1 of the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (n=4,735). Child mental-health outcomes were measured using parent report of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: Significant differences in family and neighbourhood characteristics, including parental income, maternal education, maternal parenting quality and neighbourhood safety, were found in children of Indigenous and CALD backgrounds compared to the reference group of Australian-born, English-speaking children. …

Poor Food And Nutrient Intake Among Indigenous And Non-Indigenous Rural Australian Children, Josephine D. Gwynn, Victoria M. Flood, Catherine A. D'Este, John R. Attia, Nicole Turner, Janine Cochrane, Jimmy Chun-Yu Louie, John H. Wiggers

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

Background: The purpose of this study was to describe the food and nutrient intake of a population of rural Australian children particularly Indigenous children. Participants were aged 10 to 12 years, and living in areas of relative socio-economic disadvantage on the north coast of New South Wales.

Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study 215 children with a mean age of 11.30 (SD 0.04) years (including 82 Indigenous children and 93 boys) completed three 24-hour food recalls (including 1 weekend day), over an average of two weeks in the Australian summer of late 2005.

Results: A high proportion of children consumed …

Growing Up Our Way : The First Year Of Life In Remote Aboriginal Australia, Sue Kruske, Suzanne Belton, Molly Wardaguga, Conceptual Narjic

Aboriginal Policy Research Consortium International (APRCi)

In this study, we attempted to explore the experiences and beliefs of Aboriginal families as they cared for their children in the first year of life. We collected family stories concerning child rearing, development, behavior, health, and wellbeing between each infant’s birth and first birthday. We found significant differences in parenting behaviors and childrearing practices between Aboriginal groups and mainstream Australians. Aboriginal parents perceived their children to be autonomous individuals with responsibilities toward a large family group. The children were active agents in determining their own needs, highly prized, and included in all aspects of community life. Concurrent with poverty, …

The Influence Of The Method Of Cerebral Protection During Neonatal Cardiac Surgery On The Development Of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Joseph J. Sistino

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

Complex congenital heart disease is a common birth defect requiring surgery soon after birth. Surgery can use a complete interruption of cerebral blood flow (DHCA) or it can be performed using regional low flow perfusion (RLFP). Either approach places the neonate at risk for oxygen deprivation resulting in neurodevelopmental impairment and Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). RLFP has been widely adopted but its effect on ADHD has not been elucidated. We extracted surgical records data and surveyed parents of 5-16 year old children who had neonatal surgery using DHCA or RLFP in 1995-2006 to determine the prevalence of ADHD after DHCA …

Advancing Our Understanding Of The Inheritance And Transmission Of Pectus Excavatum, Lisa Horth, Michael W. Stacey, Virginia K. Proud, Kara Segna, Chelsea Rutherford, Donald Nuss, Robert E. Kelly

Bioelectrics Publications

Pectus excavatum is the most common congenital chest wall abnormality expressed in children, yet its inheritance is poorly understood. Here we present the first comprehensive assessment of the inheritance of this disorder. After evaluating 48 pedigrees and 56 clinical traits of probands and family members, we find strong evidence of autosomal recessive, genetic control for this disorder. Additionally there is likely more than one pectus disease-associated allele, as well as a relatively large number of disease allele carriers in the human population. Some clinical traits appear important and may serve as reliable indicators for predicting the likelihood of pectus excavatum …

Influence Of Perceived Racial Discrimination On Health And Behaviour Of Immigrant Children In British Columbia, Anne George, Cherylynn Bassani, Robert Armstrong

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

This study examines the influence of perceived discrimination on the health and behaviour of ethnic minority immigrant children in British Columbia, Canada. Using data from the New Canadian Children and Youth Study, we examine perceived discrimination experienced by the parent, family, and cultural group in Canada to test the influence of micro-, meso-, and macrolevels of discrimination on children. Families from 6 ethnic backgrounds participated in the study. Parents’ perceptions of the child’s health and six behavioral scales (hyperactivity, prosocial behaviour, emotional problems, aggression, indirect aggression, and a general combined behaviour scale) were examined as outcome variables. After controlling for …

Evaluation Of Age-Related Changes In Translocator Protein (Tspo) In Human Brain Using 11C-[R]-Pk11195 Pet, Ajay Kumar, Otto Muzik, Varun Shandal, Diane Chugani, Pulak Chakraborty, Harry T. Chugani

Wayne State University Associated BioMed Central Scholarship

Abstract

Background

We studied the distribution and expression of translocator protein in the human brain using ¹¹C-[R]-PK-11195 positron emission tomography (PK11195 PET) and evaluated age-related changes.

Methods

A dynamic PK11195 PET scan was performed in 15 normal healthy adults (mean age: 29 ±8.5 years (range: 20 to 49); 7 males) and 10 children (mean age: 8.8 ±5.2 years (range: 1.2 to 17); 5 males), who were studied for potential neuroinflammation but showed no focally increased PK11195 binding. The PET images were evaluated by calculating standard uptake values and regional binding potential, based on a simplified reference region model, as …

Suicide In Prepubertal Children, Kimberly K. Mcclanahan, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Assessment Of Single-Word Production For Children Under Three Years Of Age: Comparison Of Children With And Without Cleft Palate, Nancy J. Scherer, A. Lynn Williams, Carol Stoel-Gammon, Ann Kaiser

ETSU Faculty Works

Background. This study reports comparative phonological assessment results for children with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP) to typically developing peers using an evaluation tool for early phonological skills. Methods. Children without clefts (NC = noncleft) and 24 children with CLP, ages of 18–36 months, were evaluated using the Profile of Early Expressive Phonological Skills (PEEPSs) [1]. Children interacted with toy manipulatives to elicit a representative sample of target English consonants and syllable structures that are typically acquired by children between 18 and 27 months of age. Results. Results revealed significant differences between the two groups with regard to measures of …

Phonological Memory Associations Of Language Impairment In Bilingual Children, Marcela Susa

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Knowledge-based assessments of language impairments have been found to contain bias for assessing performance in bilingual children from diverse cultural backgrounds. As an alternative, measures related to performance of phonological working memory are becoming more popular for bilingual children. The purpose of the current study was to investigate how bilingual children with language impairment (BILI) would perform on nonword repetition and sentence repetition when compared to typically developing peers (BITD). Also, the current study investigated the extent to which the nonword repetition task and sentence repetition task were associated with each other in bilingual (English-Spanish) children. Results demonstrated that typically …

Rating Scale Analysis And Psychometric Properties Of The Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale For Transfers, Daniel Cipriani, Francine E. Hansen, Danielle L. Mcpeck, Gina L.D. Kubec, Julie J. Thomas

Physical Therapy Faculty Articles and Research

Parents and caregivers faced with the challenges of transferring children with disability are at risk of musculoskeletal injuries and/or emotional stress. The Caregiver Self-Efficacy Scale for Transfers (CSEST) is a 14-item questionnaire that measures self-efficacy for transferring under common conditions. The CSEST yields reliable data and valid inferences; however, its rating scale structure has not been evaluated for utility. The aims of this study were to evaluate the category response structure of the CSEST, test the utility of a revised rating scale structure, and confirm its psychometric properties. The Rasch Measurement Model was used for all analyses. Subjects included 175 …

Normal Weight Is Associated With Significant Reductions In Cardiovascular Risk For Adults, Even In Those Who Were Overweight Or Obese As Children, Commentary On "Childhood Adiposity, Adult Adiposity, And Cardiovascular Risk Factors", Marilyn Frenn

College of Nursing Faculty Research and Publications

No abstract provided.

How Fundamental Are Fundamental Movement Skills?, Beth P. Hands

Health Sciences Papers and Journal Articles

If you take the time to observe children playing in a playground you will notice some whose movements are fluid and graceful, who clearly experience the joy of successful movement and feel confident in their actions. Look further and you may notice some less confident children who may be hovering on the sidelines, causing fights with their peers, sitting quietly by themselves on the verandah or even hidden away in the library reading a book. These children find participation in playground games and many other physical activities challenging, tiring and even embarrassing. They are worried they will miss a ball …

Geographical Information Systems Facilitate Child Lead Screening Efforts, Daniel Kruger, Lauren Shirey, Sherry Taylor

Michigan Journal of Public Health

Background: Children at the highest risk for lead poisoning are African American, living in families with low incomes, or are living in housing built prior to 1946. The Greater Flint Lead Safe Children Program (GFLSCP) was designed to increase the proportion of African Americans under 6 years of age who are tested for lead in a State-designated high risk area for childhood lead poisoning. Objective: We used Geographical Information Systems to create maps that facilitate program process and evaluation. Methods: We created maps of neighborhood outreach coverage and lead screening results. We identified areas with higher concentrations of African American …

Primary Closure Without Diversion In Management Of Operative Blunt Duodenal Trauma In Children, Katherine Smiley, Tiffany Wright, Sean Skinner, Joseph A. Iocono, John M. Draus

Surgery Faculty Publications

Background. Operative blunt duodenal trauma is rare in pediatric patients. Management is controversial with some recommending pyloric exclusion for complex cases. We hypothesized that primary closure without diversion may be safe even in complex (Grade II-III) injuries. Methods. A retrospective review of the American College of Surgeons' Trauma Center database for the years 2003-2011 was performed to identify operative blunt duodenal trauma at our Level 1 Pediatric Trauma Center. Inclusion criteria included ages < 14 years and duodenal injury requiring operative intervention. Duodenal hematomas not requiring intervention and other small bowel injuries were excluded. Results. A total of 3,283 hospital records were reviewed. Forty patients with operative hollow viscous injuries and seven with operative duodenal injuries were identified. …

Sleep Quality, Stress, Caregiver Burden, And Quality Of Life In Maternal Caregivers Of Young Children With Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, Christine A. Feeley

All ETDs from UAB

Mothers are usually the primary caregivers of young children with a chronic illness such as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and may have no formal caregiver training. Children with BPD often require complex healthcare at home (complex medication regimens, oxygen via nasal cannula, Gastrostomy feedings, etc.), thus many maternal caregivers experience difficulty balancing the needs of their child with their own needs and other responsibilities. As such, maternal caregivers may report increased levels of stress and caregiver burden, as well as decreased quality of life (QOL). Additionally, a great number of maternal caregivers report poor sleep quality due to nighttime caregiving duties. …

Early Diet Quality In A Longitudinal Study Of Australian Children: Associations With Nutrition And Body Mass Index Later In Childhood And Adolescence, Claire Meyerkort, Wendy H. Oddy, Therese O'Sullivan, J Henderson, Craig Pennell

Research outputs 2012

Obesity has origins extending to antenatal and early postnatal periods; however, the relationship between early postnatal diet and subsequent obesity is not well defined. The aims of this study were to determine whether early childhood dietary quality was associated with (a) infant and adolescent nutrition and (b) body mass index (BMI) in childhood and adolescence. The degree to which early nutrition and growth factors determine BMI throughout childhood and adolescence was also explored. This research was conducted using the Raine Study, a longitudinal survey of Australian children assessed from mid-gestation to 17 years of age. A dietary quality index, the …

Vitamin D Levels In Peanut Allergic Children, Adam Fowlie, Laura Kim, Trefford Simpson, Harold Kim

Department of Medicine Presentations

Background

The prevalence of peanut allergy is increasing. The reasons for this are not entirely known. A factor may be vitamin D (Vit D).

Methods

This study was performed in a referral allergist’s office in Ontario. Prospectively, all patients (<18 years old) with peanut allergy who were tested for peanut specific IgE (PN IgE) also had Vit D measured. All measurements were done between December 2010 and May 2011. The Vit D measure was 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Patients were divided into three groups: deficient (less than 25 nmol/L), insufficient (25-75 nmol/L) and sufficient (75-250 nmol/L). Vit D levels were compared to PN IgE, sex, age, body mass index (BMI) and other allergies.

Results

Fifty peanut allergic patients were included. The mean Vit D level of the patients was 73.8 nmol/L and the 95% confidence interval was 69.6 - 75.7 nmol/L. One patient (2%) had deficient and thirty-one (62%) of the patients had insufficient Vit D levels. Nineteen (38%) had Vit D levels in the sufficient range. There was no correlation between Vit …

Beverage Consumption And Bmi Of British Schoolchildren Aged 9-13 Years, Tara Coppinger, Y. M. Jeanes, M. Mitchell, S. Reeves

Publications

Objective Adequate fluid intake has been well documented as important for health but whether it has adverse effects on overall energy and sugar intakes remains under debate. Many dietary studies continue to refrain from reporting on beverage consumption, which the present study aimed to address. Design A cross-sectional survey investigated self-reported measures of dietary intake and anthropometric measurements. Setting Primary and secondary schools in south-west London, UK. Subjects Boys and girls (n 248) aged 9-13 years. Results Boys consumed 10 % and girls consumed 9 % of their daily energy intake from beverages and most children had total sugar intakes …

Zinc Supplementation As An Adjunct To Antibiotics In The Treatment Of Pneumonia In Children 2 To 59 Months Of Age, Batool A. Haider, Zohra S. Lassi, Amina Ahmed, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background:Diarrhoeal disorders and acute respiratory infections (ARIs), especially pneumonia, are the most common causes of death in low-income countries. Studies evaluating the impact of zinc supplementation as an adjunct in the management of pneumonia are limited and have shown variable results.
Objectives: To evaluate zinc supplementation, as an adjunct to antibiotics, in the treatment (clinical recovery) of pneumonia in children aged two to 59 months.
Search strategy: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2011, Issue 1), which contains the Cochrane Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) Group's and the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group's Specialised …

Associations Of American Indian Children's Screen-Time Behavior With Parental Television Behavior, Parental Perceptions Of Children's Screen Time, And Media-Related Resources In The Home, Daheia J. Barr-Anderson, Jayne A. Fulkerson, Mary Smyth, John H. Himes, Peter J. Hannan, Bonnie Holy Rock, Mary Story

Faculty Publications

Introduction: American Indian children have high rates of overweight and obesity, which may be partially attributable to screen-time behavior. Young children's screen-time behavior is strongly influenced by their environment and their parents' behavior. We explored whether parental television watching time, parental perceptions of children's screen time, and media-related resources in the home are related to scree time (ie, television, DVD/video, video game, and computer use) among Oglala Lakota youth residing on or near the Pine Ridge Reservation in South Dakota.

Methods: We collected baseline data from 431 child and parent/caregiver pairs who participated in Bright Start, a group-randomized, controlled, school-based …

Association Between Caries, Obesity And Insulin Resistance In Mexican Adolescents, Juan Pablo Loyola-Rodgriguez, Carlos Villa-Chavez, Nuria Patiño-Marin, Celia Aradillas-Garcia, Cesar D. Gonzalez, Esperanza De La Cruz-Mendoza

School of Dentistry Faculty Research and Publications

Aim: To determine the association among dental caries, obesity and insulin resistance in Mexican adolescents. Methods: Body Mass Index, obesity (OB) blood pressure, insulin level, insulin resistance (IR), triglycerides level, serum HDL-cholesterol (cHDL), DMFT index and salivary flow were measured. Results: Anthropometric measures showed a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). Insulin level was 8.98 for healthy subjects, whereas for OB-IR group was 25.35, there was a statistical significant difference (p < 0.05). Triglycerides level was 88.50 for healthy subjects and 169.40 mg/dL for OB-IR; cHDL was 52.88 for healthy and 41.82 mg/dL for OB-IR group, both showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Salivary flow was 4.30 for healthy and for OB-IR group was 5.48 ml/min showed a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). DMFT index was 3.02 for healthy and for OB-IR adolescents was 4.78, showed a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). The caries component of DMFT index was 1.84 for healthy and was 3.52 for OB-IR adolescents, showed a significant statistical difference (p < 0.05). According to the multivariate analysis, DMFT (OR=3.10; IC95%=0.20-1.02, p=0.042) and decay (OR=3.30; IC95%=0.19-1.0, p=0.011) were associated with subjects with OB-IR. Conclusion: OB-IR Mexican adolescents showed a positive association with DMFT.

The Effects Of Gender And Elicitation Method On The Prosodic Cues Used By 7- To 11-Year-Old Children To Signal Sentence Type, Lacey Ann Powell

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the prosodic cues used by 7 to 11 year-old children to signal questions and declarative statements in terms of changes in fundamental frequency (F0), duration, and intensity. Additional aims were to evaluate how children's use of prosody changes as a function of gender and method of elicitation. A group of 16 children participated in three different types of elicitation tasks (imitative, reading, and naturalistic). An acoustic analysis revealed that the participants produced the different sentence types using a variety of acoustic cues. Not only do children vary the mean of F0 and …

The Contribution Of Dance To Daily Physical Activity Among Adolescent Girls, Jennifer R. O'Neill, Russell R. Pate, Steven P. Hooker

Faculty Publications

Background: Structured physical activity (PA) programs are well positioned to promote PA among youth, however, little is known about these programs, particularly dance classes. The aims of this study were to: 1) describe PA levels of girls enrolled in dance classes, 2) determine the contribution of dance classes to total moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and 3) compare PA between days with a dance class (program days) and days without a dance class (non-program days).

Methods: Participants were 149 girls (11-18 years) enrolled in dance classes in 11 dance studios. Overall PA was assessed with accelerometry for 8 consecutive days, and …