Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Racial/Ethnic Disparities Related To Health Insurance Coverage, Access To Care And Ease In Health Care Services Among Children In 2012 Cchaps Data, Jacquelynn Meeks, Sweety Baidhya

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

nObjective:The aim of this study was to examine racial/ethnic disparities in unmet medical care, dental care and prescription medications and ease of using heath care services.

Methods:This is a cross sectional study of households in a six-county service region in Texas (Tarrant, Johnson, Hood, Parker, Wise and Denton Counties). The participants included the parents/guardians of children aged 1-15 years. In 2012, a total of 8,439 parents completed the survey. In 2012, 4194 completed the version containing the health insurance type and unmet medical, prescription and dental health care and ease/difficulty in access to health care questions.The dependent variables …

Pubh 4230 A - Maternal And Child Health, Val Malika Reagon

College of Public Health: Faculty Syllabi (2014-2021)

This course will review the historical and contemporary maternal and child health trends and issues. The application of health behavior and education theories to understanding the health status of women and their children will be central to the course. Emphasis is on promotion and education efforts designed to improve the health, well­being, and quality of life for women and children globally.

Clinical Profiles And Outcomes Of Children Admitted To The Pediatric Intensive Care Unit From The Emergency Department, Anwarul Haque, Naveed Ur Rehman Siddiqui, Sidra Kaleem Jafri, Mehar Hoda, Surraiya Bano, Asad Mian

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

The aim of this study was to describe clinical profiles and outcomes of children admitted directly from the Emergency Room (ER) to the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of academic hospital. The medical records of all children (1 month to 16 years) admitted in PICU from ER, from January 2011 to December 2012 were reviewed. Of the 26,774 patients seen in the ER during the study period, 468 (1.7%) were admitted to the PICU which constituted about 41.5% (468/1127) of all the total PICU admissions. Sixty three percent (n=294) were under-five; males were 60.9% (285), 82.3% (385) were in medical …

Haematological Causes Of Thrombocytopenia In Children At Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Amna Jawaid

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Objective: To identify the haematological causes of thrombocytopenia in children admitted at a tertiary care hospital.
Methods: The prospective, descriptive study was carried out at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from September 3, 2009 to March 3, 2010, and comprised children between one month and 14 years of age with platelet count less than15000. After reviewing the record, a questionnaire was filled and data was analysed using SPSS 15.
Results: Out of 108 patients in the study, 69(64%) were male and 39(36%) were female. The overall mean age was 69±46.54 months (range: 12-168 months). The mean platelet count was …

Choices: A Family-Based Childhood Obesity Intervention For Low Income Minority Children, Cynthia Williams Brown, Claudia Warren, Marian Booker

National Youth Advocacy & Resilience Conference

The objective of this presentation is to discuss the effectiveness of a 6-week summer childhood obesity intervention for low-income minority children ages 10-12. Topics will include strategies and best practices for effective summer programming for youth. The target audience includes practitioners, educators, and researchers interested in childhood obesity interventions involving families and communities.

Silence Improves Anxiety Levels And Test Scores Among Children With Disabilities, Hanna Matatyaho

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Students with disabilities may experience more anxiety when taking a test than do students without a disability. The purpose of this study was to assess whether a technique called 1-minute of silence reduces anxiety and improves test scores among students with disabilities. The theoretical framework for this study was the theory of planned behavior/reasoned action and the health belief model. Two research questions were used, one to determine the difference in anxiety levels in students with special needs and the other to determine the difference in New York State (NYS) Math posttest scores in children with special needs (no silence, …

Tracking Energy Balance In Adolescents: Levels Of Compliance, Energy Flux, And Learning, Senlin Chen, Xihe Zhu, Gregory J. Welk, Youngwon Kim

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Faculty Publications

Background/Objective: Advancing knowledge about energy balance (EB) is important for helping to reverse the obesity epidemic in many modern societies. This study examined adolescents' experience and perception of using an objective self-monitoring tool (SenseWear armband; SWA) and a portable diet journal to track EB for 7 days.

Methods: Forty-five 6th grade students in a midwestern state of the United States [Caucasian: n = 34, 76%; age: 11.7 ± 1.8 years; body mass index (BMI): 20.84 ± 3.94] participated in the study. The SWA, diet journal, and semistructured individual interview were used to measure energy expenditure (EE) and physical activity (PA), …

Transition: A Concept Of Significance To Nursing And Health Care Professionals, Nabeel Al-Yateem, Charles Docherty

Centre for Innovation in Medical Education

The concept of transition has growing significance within the healthcare settings. Healthcare professionals’ encounters with patients and family during periods of health-illness transitions in addition to other transitions (e.g., developmental) can be significant. Therefore healthcare professionals should be aware of the meaning and the process of transition, to ensure efficient and competent provision of care. This paper will explore the concept of transition in the context of healthcare, and will suggest strategies to enable professionals to manage transition effectively.

The Injustice Of Inclusion And Fair Opportunity: Exploiting Children In Medical Research For The Benefit Of An Unworthy Society, Ruqaiijah Yearby

All Faculty Scholarship

The history of pediatric medical research has been characterized as a history of child abuse. Usually, the debate regarding the use of children in medical research has centered on questions of Autonomy (informed consent) and Beneficence (the best interest of the child based on a benefit risk analysis). The debate has rarely focused on the question of which children should participate in medical research by discussing the legal principle of Justice (prohibits use of vulnerable populations for medical research who are already overly burdened for medical research unrelated to health issues affecting them and requires that populations who participate in …

Comparison Of Blood Lead Levels Between Children In An Urban Setting And Children In A Rural Setting, Juan Manuel Alvarez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Environmental heavy metal exposure is a public health problem that is of great concern because it is highly toxic for children. The urban setting in downtown El Paso is historically known to be contaminated through various sources of contamination of heavy metals. The goal of this study was to compare whether children in a historically contaminated urban downtown area had significantly increased levels of lead exposure as compared to children in a demographically similar rural area approximately 20 miles north of the urban center, while controlling for gender and age. Cadmium and mercury were also measured for comparison purposes. It …

Hypo- And Hypervolemic Edema In Children With Steroid Sensitive Nephrotic Syndrome, Mehmet Aki̇f Büyükavci, Mahmut Çi̇vi̇li̇bal, Murat Elevli̇, Hati̇ce Ni̇lgün Selçuk Duru

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

The mechanism of edema formation in nephrotic syndrome is still poorly understood. We aimed to evaluate the volume status in children with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and to emphasize the importance of echocardiography in demonstrating of volume changes. Materials and methods: Thirty-two SSNS patients and 30 healthy children were enrolled in this study. The volume statuses of patients were evaluated by clinical and laboratory features, including fractional sodium excretion (FENa) and distal sodium/potassium exchange (UK/UNa+K ratio). Inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI), left atrial diameter (LAD), aortic diameter (AD), and left ventricular mass index (LVMI) were measured using conventional echocardiographic …

Bioimpedance For Assessing Volume Status In Children With Nephrotic Syndrome, Kadri̇ye Özdemi̇r, Makbule Sevgi̇ Mi̇r, Ni̇da Di̇nçel, Si̇bel Bozabali, İpek Kaplan Bulut, Ebru Yilmaz, Betül Sözeri̇

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: The effectiveness of assessing volume load via bioimpedance in pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome (NS) was investigated. Materials and methods: Patients with NS (n = 34) were compared with healthy controls (n = 20). The inferior vena cava index and inferior vena cava collapsibility index (IVCCI) scores were determined for all subjects. Bioimpedance measurements were used to directly determine volume load. Clinical findings, relative fluid load, and echocardiographic measurements were determined and compared with bioimpedance in calculating volume load. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of bioimpedance in determining volume load were found to be 65% and 90%, respectively. IVCCI …

Familial Mediterranean Fever In Children From The Aegean Region Of Turkey:Gene Mutation Frequencies And Phenotype?Genotype Correlation, Ebru Yilmaz, Ni̇da Di̇nçel, Betül Sözeri̇, Kadri̇ye Özdemi̇r, İpek Kaplan Bulut, Afig Berdeli, Makbule Sevgi̇ Mi̇r

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is diagnosed by fever episodes with sterile peritonitis, arthritis, pleurisy, and erysipelas-like erythema. The relationship between phenotype and genotype in FMF has not been adequately explained. The aim of this study was to characterize the phenotype and genotype correlation in FMF. Materials and methods: Clinical diagnosis of FMF was conducted according to the Tel Hashomer criteria. Pras scoring was used to determine clinical severity. FMF strip assay analysis was used, and the hotspot regions were observed with PCR amplification and automatic DNA sequence analysis method. Results: We showed commonly seen mutations (most frequently M694V) in …

The Patterns And Clinical Relevance Of Contact Allergen Sensitization In A Pediatric Population With Atopic Dermatitis, Ayşegül Akan, Müge Toyran, Emi̇ne Vezi̇r, Di̇lek Azkur, Ayşenur Kaya, Mustafa Erkoçoğlu, Ersoy Ci̇velek, Emi̇ne Di̇bek Misirlioğlu, Can Naci̇ Kocabaş

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

Background/aim: Data about contact allergen sensitization (CAS) in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) are limited. The purpose of this study was to identify the frequency and patterns of CAS in children with AD by using a ready-to-use patch test system. Materials and methods: After receiving the history of CAS in the patients, the severity of AD and IgE-mediated allergen sensitization were determined. Results: Of 134 children with AD, 33.8% (n = 45) had at least 1 positive reaction. The most frequent positive reaction was to nickel sulfate (NS) (37.8%, 17/45), followed by methylchloroisothiazolinone (20.0%, 9/45) and thimerosal (15.6%, 7/45). The …

Farm To School Programs And Children's Dietary Behaviors, Kathleen Evers

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

There is an increasing promotion of the importance of fruit and vegetable consumption through prevention efforts, specifically in school systems, to control and prevent childhood obesity. Farm to School (FTS) programs offer interactive hands on experiences involving fruits and vegetables. This study examines a specific FTS program including a farmer interaction, and a broccoli taste testing experience for kindergarten and fourth grade students in a rural Kentucky county. By using a digital still photography method of plate waste, the decisions of approximately 115 students to take/not take broccoli and percentage of students’ consumption of broccoli was analyzed. Using chi-square and …

Perceptions Of Classroom Physical Activity, Kailey Snyder, Danae M. Dinkel, Connie Schaefer, Jung-Min Lee

Research Presentations

Background: Few children meet the physical activity (PA) recommendations. One new and innovative ways school have tried to improve this is through classroom PA. Studies have found that incorporating opportunities for classroom PA can not only increase PA but also increase children’s time on-task as well as academic scores. However little is known about teachers’ perceptions of.classroom PA Purpose: The purpose of the study was to determine teacher’s perceptions regarding classroom PA. Methods: Four school districts in a metropolitan Midwest City were recruited to participate. Twelve teachers from each district took part in a semi-structured interview over the …

Utilization Of Classroom Physical Activity Breaks, Danae M. Dinkel, Jung-Min Lee, Caitlin Golden, Connie Schaffer

Research Presentations

Historically within schools, physical education and recess periods have been utilized as the primary times for children to obtain some portion of physical activity (PA) recommendations during the school day. Due to academic pressure, opportunities for physical education and recess periods have been reduced. Fewer than 5% of schools require daily physical education and fewer than 12% require daily recess. Additional PA opportunities are needed throughout school day.

PURPOSE: The overall purpose of this study was to examine teachers’ utilization of classroom PA breaks.

METHODS: 332 Elementary school teachers from five school districts in a Midwest city were …

African American Eighth Grade Students' Attitudes Toward Hiv/Aids In The District Of Columbia, Enock Kolawole Adewuyi

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

The group most affected by HIV/AIDS, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), is African Americans. The purpose of this study was to explore the knowledge of HIV/AIDS held by African American children as a first step towards developing prevention strategies for these youths. In order to bridge the knowledge-behavior gap, this study sought to investigate the attitude towards HIV/AIDS of African American 8th grade students. The study involved secondary data from the 2012 District of Columbia (DC) Middle School Youth Risk Behavior Survey, obtained from the District of Columbia Office of Superintendent of Education (OSSE). Guided …

Children With Asthma: What About The Quality Of Life Of Their Parents?, Anna Trzcieniecka-Green, Kamilla Bargiel-Matusiewicz, Agnieszka Wilczyńska, Hatim A. Omar

Pediatrics Faculty Publications

An increased frequency of asthma in children has been lately observed. The course of asthma depends not only on treatment. but also on the actions taken by the parents of a sick child. Design: A non-experimental cross-sectional design. Methods: In this study the Pediatric Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (PACQLQ) and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) were administered to 60 parents of children with :asthma. Two groups of parents were compared. The first group consisted of parents of children who had been diagnosed with asthma less than three months before the beginning of the study. The second group consisted of …

Demographic Disparities In Children With Behavioral Or Conduct Disorders, Caitlin Dunworth

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

This study examines the demographic disparities in children with externalizing behavior disorders, such as oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder, utilizing secondary data from the 2011/2012 National Survey of Children’s Health (NSCH). Current literature suggests that children with externalizing behavior disorders are more likely to be male, live in a low-­‐income family, receive lower grades in school, and to develop later conditions such as depression. Chi square tests and logistic regression were used to examine the associations of presence of a current behavioral or conduct problems with age group, race/ethnicity, sex, household income level, and insurance type. Additionally, associations were …

Does Low-Level Arsenic Exposure Predict Blood Pressure In Children?, Tania Angelica Mayorga

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Background & Significance: Inorganic arsenic is a heavy metal naturally found in soil and human exposure to this heavy metal causes adverse effects. Exposure risks are particularly high in developing children. Arsenic is mainly found in bedrock. It is also a by-product of smelting, it is used in cement production, and historically is has been found in crop pesticides. Among other ill-effects, arsenic exposure in humans can cause respiratory diseases, peripheral neuropathy and liver fibrosis. In particular arsenic has been shown in many studies to be a contributing factor in the risk for hypertension in adults however no studies have …

Monolingual And Bilingual Intervention Outcomes In A Bilingual Child With Autism, Victoria Alexander

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Background: When treating bilingual children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), the language of intervention has been a controversial topic among professionals. There is limited research on the treatment of bilingual children with ASD.

Purpose: To extend the limited research on the use of language of intervention in bilingual children with ASD. This study compared a monolingual English treatment and a bilingual English-Spanish treatment, to examine which one was more efficient.

Methods: A single-subject alternating treatment design with a baseline was used to compare the efficacy of two treatment conditions in increasing language skills in a bilingual child with ASD. The …

Is Rabeprazole A Safe Treatment For Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease In Children Ages 1-16 Years?, Sarah Applegarth

PCOM Physician Assistant Studies Student Scholarship

Objective: The objective of the selective EBM review is to determine whether or not Rabeprazole is a safe treatment for GERD in children less than sixteen years old.

Study Design: Review of three randomized controlled studies. All three studies were published in English between 2007-2013.

Data Sources: Three randomized, un-blinded, controlled studies found using Medline and PubMed

Outcomes Measured: Each trial measured the adverse events that occurred with the use of Rabeprazole for the treatment of GERD in children less than sixteen years of age. This was done by using subjective reporting of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAE’s). Differences in the …

Therapeutic Animal Camp For Children Affected By Cancer, Katie Fleck

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

This research project looks at the therapeutic benefits of an animal camp for children touched by cancer. Animal assisted therapy techniques were used for children to connect with animals during a week long summer camp. The benefits of working with animals are discussed, as well as research on many therapeutic activities including reiki, labyrinth walking, zentangle drawing, yoga, and drumming. Past camp attendees were recorded and interviewed about their personal experiences at camp. Caregivers of campers were also interviewed, who shared about the positive impact camp had on their family. Multiple benefits were found for this type of camp in …

Caregiver Perceptions Of Healthcare Providers And Environments Related To Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Deanna Klettlinger, Lynn Wirfel, Brittany Bielak

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The healthcare setting can be intimidating for any child. For children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), in particular, this setting can cause anxiety and elicit disruptive behavior. The reactions of children with ASD to healthcare settings have not been widely studied. This study explores the lived experience of caregivers of children with ASD related to healthcare providers and environments. A qualitative phenomenological approach and methods guide the study. Purposive sampling was utilized at a resource center to identify and recruit participants fulfilling inclusion criteria. Sample size consisted of four female and two male adults. Semi-structured interviews were performed and voice …

Predictors Of Use Of Hydroxyurea And Its Impact On Clinical And Economic Outcomes Among Children With Sickle Cell Disease, Manasi Datar

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and predictors of use of hydroxyurea (HU) and its impact on clinical and economic outcomes in pediatric patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) enrolled in Medicaid. Methods: A cohort of patients with SCD was identified in 2006 using ICD-9-CM codes from Medicaid claims from 40 US states. Patients who filled three prescriptions of HU in within 6 months in 2007 were identified as HU users. HU users were then matched with non-users and the impact of HU use on the presence of crises and economic outcomes including presence of …

The Experience Of Occupational Therapists' Approaches And Interventions For School-Aged Children And Adolescents With Anxiety, Meg O'Brien, Emily Terhaar

Occupational Therapy Capstones

In the realm of occupational therapy there is not a clear or cohesive evidencebased approach that OT's use to guide intervention planning with school-aged children or adolescent who have anxiety or anxiety secondary to another medical condition. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to gain an understanding of the experience of 6 pediatric occupational therapists in an outpatient setting in developing and implementing interventions for this population. Researchers utilized a phenomenological qualitative research method completing six interviews to understand the experience of the participants. Findings suggest that occupational therapists who participated in this study feel that they have skills …

The Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act And High School Obesity, Derek Grills

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

United States high school student obesity rates have doubled in the past 30 years to 13%, threatening the health of millions of adolescents. To mitigate the epidemic, Congress passed the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act (HHFKA) in 2010, which mandated significant changes to school nutrition and physical education. From a public policy perspective, the HHFKA changed school nutrition and exercise policy to affect obesity rates by changing intake and energy expenditure at school, though no study using national-level data examined this relationship. As such, the purpose of the study was to examine whether HHFKA policy compliance had a statistically significant effect …

Beverage Selections And Presence Affect Healthy Eating Index Scores In Lunches Of Elementary Age Children, Whether From Home Or School, Mary K. Barbee

All Master's Theses

Objectives: Examined differences in school lunch meals (served and consumed) brought from home (LBFH) versus National School Lunch Program (NSLP) using Healthy Eating Index 2010 scores for assessment of Meal Quality by component food groups. Influence of beverage selections on HEI-2010 scores were examined for each meal origin. Methods: Digital plate waste estimations were analyzed for 509 NSLP meals and 524 LBFH from 2nd-5th-grade students in four elementary schools during the 2011-2012 academic year. Nutrient Data Software for Research (NDSR) determined food groups and nutrients for calculations. Independent t-tests compared NSLP and LBFH meal components. Two one-way ANOVA tests compared …

Analysis Of Vaca/Caga Genotypes/Status In Helicobacter Pylori Isolates From Iranian Children And Their Association With Clinical Outcome, Tahereh Falsafi, Afsaneh Khani, Fatemeh Mahjoub, Ezat Asgarani, Nazli Sotoudeh

Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences

More than 50% of Iranian children are infected with Helicobacter pylori; however, no data exist about the association of vacA/cagA genotype/status with disease outcomes in them. We analyzed association of vacA/cagA genotypes/status of children's isolates with gastric inflammation status as the first step in H. pylori pathogenesis. Materials and methods: Antral biopsies for culture and histopathology were taken from 328 children in 1997-2009. vacA (s, m) alleles and cagA statuses of the isolates were determined by PCR. Histopathology was performed according to the Sydney system; gastritis was scored as normal, mild, moderate, severe, and follicular. Results: A total of 159 …