Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Double-Inlet Left Ventricle, P Syamasundar Rao

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Double-inlet left ventricle (DILV) is most frequent among univentricular atrioventricular connections. In DILV, there is a single functioning ventricle, most commonly with left ventricular structure. This chamber receives both atrioventricular valves and is connected to an outlet chamber with morphologic features of the right ventricle. The great vessels are often transposed, and pulmonary stenosis is seen in two-thirds of patients. The anatomy and pathophysiology can be defined by echo-Doppler studies with a rare need for other imaging studies. The management is mostly related to the nature of associated heart defects and the degree of pathophysiological abnormality. When the infants present …

Drone-Based Water Sampling And Characterization Of Three Freshwater Harmful Algal Blooms In The United States, Regina Hanlon, Stephen J. Jacquemin, Johnna A. Birbeck, Judy A. Westrick, Charbel Harb, Hope Gruszewski, Andrew P. Ault, Durelle Scott, Hosein Foroutan, Shane D. Ross, Javier González-Rocha, Craig Powers, Lowell Pratt, Harry Looney, Greg Baker, David G. Schmale

Biological Sciences Faculty Publications

Freshwater harmful algal blooms (HABs), caused mostly by toxic cyanobacteria, produce a range of cyanotoxins that threaten the health of humans and domestic animals. Climate conditions and anthropogenic influences such as agricultural run-off can alter the onset and intensity of HABs. Little is known about the distribution and spread of freshwater HABs. Current sampling protocols in some lakes involve teams of researchers that collect samples by hand from a boat and/or from the shoreline. Water samples can be collected from the surface, from discrete-depth collections, and/or from depth-integrated intervals. These collections are often restricted to certain months of the year, …

Relationship Power, Antiretroviral Adherence, And Physical And Mental Health Among Women Living With Hiv In Rural Kenya, Rachel L. Burger, Craig R. Cohen, A. Rain Mocello, Shari L. Dworkin, Edward A. Frongillo Jr. Ph.D., Elly Weke, Lisa M. Butler, Harsha Thirumurthy, Elizabeth A. Bukusi, Sheri D. Weiser

Faculty Publications

Little is known about the association of gender-based power imbalances and health and health behaviors among women with HIV (WWH). We examined cross-sectional baseline data among WWH in a cluster-randomized control trial (NCT02815579) in rural Kenya. We assessed associations between the Sexual Relationship Power Scale (SRPS) and ART adherence, physical and mental health, adjusting for sociodemographic and social factors. SRPS consists of two subscales: relationship control (RC) and decision-making dominance. Women in the highest and middle tertiles for RC had a 7.49 point and 8.88 point greater Medical Outcomes Study-HIV mental health score, and a 0.27 and 0.29 lower odds …

Testicular Adrenal Rest Tumors In A Patient With Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia, Su-Yuan Yu Bs, Kelly Freed Md

Department of Radiology & Diagnostic Medical Imaging

No abstract provided.

Igg Antibodies To Sars-Cov-2 In Asymptomatic Blood Donors At Two Time Points In Karachi, Muhammad Hasan, Bushra Moiz, Shama Qaiser, Kiran I. Masood, Zara Ghous, Areeba Hussain, Natasha Bahadur Ali, Syed Hani Abidi, Kulsoom Ghias, Erum Khan, Zahra Hasan

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Introduction: An estimated 1.5 million cases were reported in Pakistan until 23 March, 2022. However, SARS-CoV-2 PCR testing capacity has been limited and the incidence of COVID-19 infections is unknown. Volunteer healthy blood donors can be a control population for assessment of SARS-CoV-2 exposure in the population. We determined COVID-19 seroprevalence during the second pandemic wave in Karachi in donors without known infections or symptoms in 4 weeks prior to enrollment.
Materials and methods: We enrolled 558 healthy blood donors at the Aga Khan University Hospital between December 2020 and February 2021. ABO blood groups were determined. Serum IgG reactivity …

Sel-Covidnet: An Intelligent Application For The Diagnosis Of Covid-19 From Chest X-Rays And Ct-Scans, Ahmad Al Smadi, Ahed Abugabah, Ahmad Mohammad Al-Smadi, Sultan Almotairi

All Works

COVID-19 detection from medical imaging is a difficult challenge that has piqued the interest of experts worldwide. Chest X-rays and computed tomography (CT) scanning are the essential imaging modalities for diagnosing COVID-19. All researchers focus their efforts on developing viable methods and rapid treatment procedures for this pandemic. Fast and accurate automated detection approaches have been devised to alleviate the need for medical professionals. Deep Learning (DL) technologies have successfully recognized COVID-19 situations. This paper proposes a developed set of nine deep learning models for diagnosing COVID-19 based on transfer learning and implementation in a novel architecture (SEL-COVIDNET). In which …

The Genetic Contribution To Solving The Cocktail-Party Problem, Samuel R. Mathias, Emma Knowles, Josephine Mollon, Amanda Rodrigue, Mary K. Woolsey, Rene L. Olvera, Juan M. Peralta, Satish Kumar, Harald H. H. Goring, Ravi Duggirala, Joanne E. Curran, John Blangero, David C. Glahn

School of Medicine Publications

Communicating in everyday situations requires solving the cocktail-party problem, or segregating the acoustic mixture into its constituent sounds and attending to those of most interest. Humans show dramatic variation in this ability, leading some to experience real-world problems irrespective of whether they meet criteria for clinical hearing loss. Here, we estimated the genetic contribution to cocktail-party listening by measuring speech-reception thresholds (SRTs) in 425 people from large families and ranging in age from 18 to 91 years. Roughly half the variance of SRTs was explained by genes (h 2 = 0.567). The genetic correlation between SRTs and hearing thresholds …

Number-Time Interaction: Search For A Common Magnitude System In A Cross-Modal Setting, Anuj Shukla, Raju S Bapi

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

A theory of magnitude (ATOM) suggests that a generalized magnitude system in the brain processes magnitudes such as space, time, and numbers. Numerous behavioral and neurocognitive studies have provided support to ATOM theory. However, the evidence for common magnitude processing primarily comes from the studies in which numerical and temporal information are presented visually. Our current understanding of such cross-dimensional magnitude interactions is limited to visual modality only. However, it is still unclear whether the ATOM-framework accounts for the integration of cross-modal magnitude information. To examine the cross-modal influence of numerical magnitude on temporal processing of the tone, we conducted …

A Sparse Representation Strategy To Eliminate Pseudo-Hfo Events From Intracranial Eeg For Seizure Onset Zone Localization, Behrang Fazli Besheli, Zhiyi Sha, Jay R Gavvala, Candan Gurses, Sacit Karamursel, Michael M Quach, Daniel J Curry, Sameer A Sheth, David J Francis, Thomas R Henry, Nuri F Ince

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Objective.

High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are considered a biomarker of the epileptogenic zone in intracranial EEG recordings. However, automated HFO detectors confound true oscillations with spurious events caused by the presence of artifacts.

Approach.

We hypothesized that, unlike pseudo-HFOs with sharp transients or arbitrary shapes, real HFOs have a signal characteristic that can be represented using a small number of oscillatory bases. Based on this hypothesis using a sparse representation framework, this study introduces a new classification approach to distinguish true HFOs from the pseudo-events that mislead seizure onset zone (SOZ) localization. Moreover, we further classified the HFOs into ripples and …

Cellular Bioenergetics: Experimental Evidence For Alcohol-Induced Adaptations, Liz Simon, Patricia E. Molina

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

At-risk alcohol use is associated with multisystemic effects and end-organ injury, and significantly contributes to global health burden. Several alcohol-mediated mechanisms have been identified, with bioenergetic maladaptation gaining credence as an underlying pathophysiological mechanism contributing to cellular injury. This evidence-based review focuses on the current knowledge of alcohol-induced bioenergetic adaptations in metabolically active tissues: liver, cardiac and skeletal muscle, pancreas, and brain. Alcohol metabolism itself significantly interferes with bioenergetic pathways in tissues, particularly the liver. Alcohol decreases states of respiration in the electron transport chain, and activity and expression of respiratory complexes, with a net effect to decrease ATP content. …

Heavy Metals In Breast Implant Capsules And Breast Tissue: Findings From The Systemic Symptoms In Women-Biospecimen Analysis Study: Part 2, Roger Wixtrom, Caroline Glicksman, Marshall Kadin, Marisa Lawrence, Melinda Haws, Sarah Ferenz, James Sung, Patricia Mcguire

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Breast Implant Illness (BII), as described in recent medical literature and by social media, describes a range of symptoms in patients with breast implants for which there are no physical findings or laboratory results that explain their symptoms.

OBJECTIVES: Part 2 of this study aims to determine whether heavy metals are present in the capsules around saline and silicone implants and if there are statistical differences in the type or level of these metals between women with or without symptoms. Demographic data was collected to investigate potential alternate sources of metals: inhaled, absorbed, or ingested.

METHODS: A prospective, blinded …

Metabolomics Reveals Mouse Plasma Metabolite Responses To Acute Exercise And Effects Of Disrupting Ampk-Glycogen Interactions, Mehdi R. Belhaj, Nathan G. Lawler, John A. Hawley, David I. Broadhurst, Nolan J. Hoffman, Stacey N. Reinke

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Introduction: The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a master regulator of energy homeostasis that becomes activated by exercise and binds glycogen, an important energy store required to meet exercise-induced energy demands. Disruption of AMPK-glycogen interactions in mice reduces exercise capacity and impairs whole-body metabolism. However, the mechanisms underlying these phenotypic effects at rest and following exercise are unknown. Furthermore, the plasma metabolite responses to an acute exercise challenge in mice remain largely uncharacterized. Methods : Plasma samples were collected from wild type (WT) and AMPK double knock-in (DKI) mice with disrupted AMPK-glycogen binding at rest and following 30-min submaximal treadmill …

2022-08-23_Michiganoverview_Covidsymptoms, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Syndromic Surveillance System Data

The Syndromic Surveillance System Data report was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 dashboard, from under the link "​Coronavirus Symptoms": https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/stats/coronavirus-symptoms. Data was compiled by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services (MDHHS). The information was updated twice a week on Mondays and Thursdays.

Syndromic Surveillance System data is obtained from approximately 216 facilities participating in syndromic surveillance (139 Emergency Departments (ED), 77 Urgent Cares) across the State of Michigan. The reporting is based on individuals who present at EDs and may not be representative of the overall population. The coronavirus-like symptoms query searches visit free-text (chief complaint, triage notes, …

Blood-Flow-Restriction-Training-Induced Hormonal Response Is Not Associated With Gains In Muscle Size And Strength, Gilberto C. Laurentino, Jeremy P. Loenneke, Carlos Ugrinowitsch, Marcelo S. Aoki, Antonio G. Soares, Hamilton Roschel, Valmor Tricoli

Faculty and Student Publications

The aim of this study was to determine whether increases in post-exercise endocrine response to low-load resistance exercise with blood flow restriction and high-load resistance exercise would have association with increases in muscle size and strength after an 8-week training period. Twenty-nine untrained men were randomly allocated into three groups: low-load resistance exercise with (LL-BFR) or without blood flow restriction (LL), and high-load resistance exercise (HL). Participants from LL-BFR and LL groups performed leg extension exercise at 20% of one repetition maximum (1RM), four sets of 15 repetitions and the HL group performed four sets of eight repetitions at 80% …

Covid-19 Newsletter (Vol. 133), Center For Disaster Medicine, New York Medical College

COVID-19 Newsletter

No abstract provided.

2022-08-23_Michiganoverview_Covidlongtermcare, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Long Term Care Data

The COVID Long Term Care Facilities page was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 data page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/stats/data-about-places/long-term-care-data.

This report is created by the Michigan Department of Health & Human Services from data self-reported by long-term care facilities into EMResource. Data for all reporting facilities is posted weekly each Monday.

The information below represents COVID-19 data reported directly to MDHHS by licensed and operating Skilled Nursing, Home for the Aged and Adult Foster Care facilities (licensed to serve 13 or more individuals) in Michigan from January 1, 2020. All long-term care facilities additionally have an obligation to report COVID-positive residents and/or staff …

2022-08-23_Michiganoverview_Covidstats, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Cumulative Michigan COVID-19 Data

The COVID Overview page was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/stats.

The State of Michigan is working around the clock to test and treat COVID-19 patients. Below is the most recent data healthcare experts across the state have compiled. COVID case and testing data will be posted once a week on Tuesdays.

This report is provisional and subject to change. City of Detroit and Wayne County are reported separately. MDHHS began tracking probable cases April 5, 2020. FCI indicates federal correctional institute. MDOC indicates Michigan Department of Corrections. Diagnostic tests, including nucleic acid amplification/real-time polymerase chain reaction (NAAT/RT-PCR) …

Prazosin Dosed 3 Times A Day To Treat Flashbacks Related To Ptsd: A Case Report, Christie Richardson, Alexander Swartz, Martin Forsberg

Rowan-Virtua School of Osteopathic Medicine Departmental Research

Prazosin is an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist widely known by mental health providers for its off-label use for nightmares in patients with PTSD. Prazosin is lipophilic and crosses the blood-brain barrier to antagonize alpha-1 receptors in the central nervous system, potentially reducing autonomic arousal caused by PTSD. There have been numerous case reports describing the reduction of nightmares and daytime flashbacks due to PTSD with prazosin dosed at night and during the day, respectively. This case report illustrates the resolution of flashbacks related to chronic PTSD with prazosin dosed 3 times a day. As the half-life of prazosin is only …

Explicit And Implicit Emotion Processing In The Cerebellum: A Meta‑Analysis And Systematic Review, Jordan E. Pierce, Marine Thomasson, Philippe Voruz, Garance Selosse, Julie Péron

Center for Brain, Biology, and Behavior: Faculty Publications

The cerebellum’s role in affective processing is increasingly recognized in the literature, but remains poorly understood, despite abundant clinical evidence for affective disruptions following cerebellar damage. To improve the characterization of emotion processing and investigate how attention allocation impacts this processing, we conducted a meta-analysis on task activation foci using GingerALE software. Eighty human neuroimaging studies of emotion including 2761 participants identified through Web of Science and ProQuest databases were analyzed collectively and then divided into two categories based on the focus of attention during the task: explicit or implicit emotion processing. The results examining the explicit emotion tasks identified …

2022-08-23_Michiganoverview_Covidcounts, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Confirmed Cases by Date of Onset Data

Data was downloaded as an Excel spreadsheet which appeared in the Public Use Datasets section under the Cumulative Data link of Michigan's Coronavirus webpage, under the url https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/0,9753,7-406-98163_98173---,00.html.

Cases are aggregated by the date of onset of COVID-19 symptoms, if known, otherwise by laboratory specimen date if known, otherwise by case referral date. Deaths are aggregated by the date of death if known, otherwise by the last date of a change to the case status.

Refinement & Preliminary Examination Of A Fidelity Assessment For The Spinal Cord Injury -- Movement Index (Sci-Mi), Nicole Gerhardt, Otd(C), Otr/L

Department of Occupational Therapy Posters and Presentations

Introduction: Assessment fidelity refers to the adherence to intended procedures and guidelines when administering an assessment (Mowbray et al., 2003; Walton et al., 2020). Clinical outcome assessments (COAs) play a crucial role in the assessment of treatment effects in clinical trials. However, there is a scarcity of fidelity assessments for COAs, which has the potential to impact the accurate evaluation of treatment effects (Richardson et al., 2016). The Spinal Cord Injury Movement Index (SCI-MI) is a performance-based COA being developed with the intent to be used in spinal cord injury (SCI) clinical trials. As the stakes in SCI clinical trials …

2022-08-23_Michiganoverview_Isdreporting, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Outbreak Reports

The K-12 Aged ISD Reporting page was obtained from Michigan's COVID-19 data page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/stats/k-to-12-aged-isd-reporting.

This report is created from data reported by the Michigan Disease Surveillance System (MDSS) the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services' web-based communicable disease reporting system. Data is updated every week.

The purpose of the dashboard is to report the 7 day average of COVID-19 cases in Michigan school students aged 5 through 18 at the intermediate school district and school district levels, as well as display trends over time to better illustrate the changing nature of the COVID-19 pandemic. Cases are attributed to …

Cardiovascular Outcomes Of Transradial Versus Transfemoral Percutaneous Coronary Intervention In End-Stage Renal Disease: A Regression-Based Comparison, Yasar Sattar, Mohammed Faisaluddin, Talal Almas, Noora Alhajri, Rajendra Shah, Mohamed Zghouzi, Fnu Zafrullah, Prasana M Sengodon, Muhammad Zia Khan, Waqas Ullah, Mahboob Alam, Sudharshan Balla, Nasser Lakkis, Akram Kawsara, Ramesh Daggubati, M Chadi Alraies

Division of Cardiology Faculty Papers

Background: Limited data is available on the comparison of outcomes of transradial (TR) and transfemoral (TF) access for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with end-stage stage renal disease (ESRD).

Methods: Online databases were queried to compare cardiovascular outcomes among TR. and TF in ESRD patients. The outcomes assessed included differences in mortality, cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), periprocedural myocardial infarction (MI), bleeding, transfusion, and periprocedural cardiogenic shock (CS). Unadjusted odds ratios (OR) were calculated using a random-effect effect model.

Results: A total of 6 studies including 7,607 patients (TR-PCI = 1,288; TF-PCI = 6,319) were included. The overall mean age was …

The Need For Sexual Health Clinics, Their Future Role, And Contribution To Public Health, Meena S. Ramchandani, Christopher Bourne, Lindley A. Barbee, Elske Hoornenborg, Preeti Pathela, Stephanie N. Taylor, Henry De Vries

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Specialised sexual health clinics (SHCs) play an important role in addressing the staggering rates of STIs seen in many high-income nations. Despite increasing healthcare coverage in the US and nationalised health care in some countries, there is a continued need for SHCs to meet the needs of patients and the community, especially for high-priority populations: those at high risk of STI acquisition and/or groups historically marginalised and underserved in the traditional healthcare system. We need to mobilise resources to support a stronger clinical infrastructure in specialised SHCs. This review describes the importance of SHCs, their future role, and some of …

A Review Of The Directory Of Open Access Journals, Travis F. Holder

Library Staff Publications

The Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) is a freely available index of journals that are published using an open access model. The site promotes peer-reviewed open access scholarship from around the world and is of interest to anyone seeking to evaluate or publish in an open access journal.

Clinical Ophthalmic Parameters Of The Quaker Parrot (Myiopsitta Monachus), Emily Halsmer, Jennifer Jill Heatley Ms, Dvm, Dabvp (Avian, Reptilian, Amphibian), Daczm, Erin M. Scott Dvm, Dacvo

Research Day

Purpose: Ophthalmic diagnosis in many avian species remains hindered by lack of normative values. This study aimed to establish normal ophthalmic parameters for select diagnostic tests in clinically normal Quaker parrots. Methods: Ninety-six captive Quaker parrots ages 8-18 years underwent ophthalmic examination to include assessment of neuro-ophthalmic reflexes, phenol red thread test, rebound tonometry, fluorescein staining, palpebral fissure length measurements, slit lamp biomicroscopy, indirect fundoscopy, and ocular ultrasound biometry. Results: Menace response, dazzle reflex, and direct pupillary light reflex were present for all Quaker parrots. Tear production (mean ± SD) was 13.3 ± 4.0 mm/15 sec and intraocular pressure (IOP, …

Energy Drink Usage By Students Attending An Online University, Jodi Lynn Hutak, Ali Boolani, Lauri O. Byerley

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Objective: This study determined the frequency, reasons for, and side effects of energy drinks (ED) consumption among online students. Participants: Students attending an online university. Methods: Participants were recruited by email and completed a 59-question survey about their prior months ED practices using a combination of validated surveys previously published examining similar constructs in on-campus students. Results: 307 students (age = 32.4 ± 6.5yrs) completed the survey, and 88% reported consuming EDs. Students’ reasons for consuming ED included school (p < .001), work (p < .001), an event/competition (p < .001), pick me up (p < .001), lack of rest (p < .001), more energy (p < .001), and staying awake while driving (p < .001). Only individuals who consumed > 10 ED/month reported side effects of headaches (p = .01) and speeding (p=.01). Conclusions: In our sample, a majority of …

Layer-Specific Developmentally Precise Axon Targeting Of Transient Suppressed-By-Contrast Retinal Ganglion Cells (Tsbc Rgcs), Nai-Wen Tien, Carmela Vitale, Tudor C Badea, Daniel Kerschensteiner

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The mouse retina encodes diverse visual features in the spike trains of >40 retinal ganglion cell (RGC) types. Each RGC type innervates a specific subset of the >50 retinorecipient brain areas. Our catalog of RGC types and feature representations is nearing completion. Yet, we know little about where specific RGC types send their information. Furthermore, the developmental strategies by which RGC axons choose their targets and pattern their terminal arbors remain obscure. Here, we identify a genetic intersection (

Relieving Immune Suppression In The Melanoma Tumor Microenvironment, Gretel Torres Santiesteban

Dartmouth College Ph.D Dissertations

The high immunogenicity of melanoma tumors makes these malignancies an attractive target for immunotherapeutic treatment, as evidenced by the success of ipilimumab and nivolumab. However, most immunotherapeutic approaches have had limited success, partly due to the suppression of innate and adaptive immune responses by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment (TME). TAM redirection may relieve immunosuppression in the TME, directly inhibiting melanoma growth and potentially enhancing the efficacy of additional targeted and immuno-therapies.

We have shown that synthetic oleanane triterpenoid CDDO-Me (or C-Me) enhances immune activation in the melanoma TME by reprogramming TAMs from immunosuppressive to immunostimulatory. CDDO-Me is …

Two Interaction Surfaces Between Xpa And Rpa Organize The Preincision Complex In Nucleotide Excision Repair, Mihyun Kim, Hyun-Suk Kim, Areetha D'Souza, Kaitlyn Gallagher, Eunwoo Jeong, Agnieszka Topolska-Wós, Kateryna Ogorodnik Le Meur, Chi-Lin Tsai, Miaw-Sheue Tsai, Minyong Kee, John A Tainer, Jung-Eun Yeo, Walter J Chazin, Orlando D Schärer

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

The xeroderma pigmentosum protein A (XPA) and replication protein A (RPA) proteins fulfill essential roles in the assembly of the preincision complex in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. We have previously characterized the two interaction sites, one between the XPA N-terminal (XPA-N) disordered domain and the RPA32 C-terminal domain (RPA32C), and the other with the XPA DNA binding domain (DBD) and the RPA70AB DBDs. Here, we show that XPA mutations that inhibit the physical interaction in either site reduce NER activity in biochemical and cellular systems. Combining mutations in the two sites leads to an additive inhibition of NER, …