Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Dietary Inflammatory Index And Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, And Cancer: A Prospective Study, Zhen Lin, Yanfei Feng, Nitin Shivappa Mbbs, Mph, Ph.D., James R. Hébert Scd, Xin Xu

Faculty Publications

The Energy-adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DIITM) is a comprehensive, literature-derived index for assessing the effect of dietary constituents on inflammatory biomarkers and inflammation-related chronic diseases. Several studies have examined the association between E-DII scores and mortality, with results that vary across populations. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the potential association between E-DII scores and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality using data from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian (PLCO) Screening Trial. E-DII scores, calculated based on a food-frequency questionnaire, were analyzed both as a continuous variable and after categorization into quintiles. A multivariate Cox …

Analysis Of Sars-Cov-2 Viral Loads In Stool Samples And Nasopharyngeal Swabs From Covid-19 Patients In The United Arab Emirates, Mariane Daou, Hussein Kannout, Mariam Khalili, Mohamed Almarei, Mohamed Alhashami, Zainab Alhalwachi, Fatima Alshamsi, Mohammad Tahseen Al Bataineh, Mohd Azzam Kayasseh, Abdulmajeed Al Khajeh, Shadi W. Hasan, Guan Kwang Tay, Samuel F. Feng, Dymitr Ruta, Ahmed F. Yousef, Habiba S. Alsafar, Uae Covid-19 Collaborative Partnership

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was first identified in respiratory samples and was found to commonly cause cough and pneumonia. However, non-respiratory symptoms including gastrointestinal disorders are also present and a big proportion of patients test positive for the virus in stools for a prolonged period. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated viral load trends in stools and nasopharyngeal swabs and their correlation with multiple demographic and clinical factors. The study included 211 laboratory-confirmed cases suffering from a mild form of the disease and completing their isolation period at a non-hospital center in the United Arab Emirates. Demographic and clinical information …

Characterising Lower-Body Musculoskeletal Morphology And Whole-Body Composition Of Elite Female And Male Australian Football Players, Callum J. Mccaskie, Marc Sim, Robert U. Newton, Jarryd Heasman, Brent Rogalski, Nicolas H. Hart

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Background: Physical demands and injury rates differ between elite female and male Australian Football (AF) players. To improve understanding of contributing physical factors to these differences, the purpose of this study was to investigate lower-body morphology and whole-body composition of elite footballers competing in the Australian Football League (AFL) and Australian Football League Women’s (AFLW). Methods: Lower-body morphology and whole-body composition of 23 AFL players and 23 AFLW players were assessed using peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry at the beginning of pre-season. Differences between cohorts, with sub-analyses of kicking vs. support limbs, and experienced vs. inexperienced player …

Comparing Three Wearable Accelerometers To Measure Early Activity After Cardiac Surgery, Charles H. Brown, Lisa Yanek, Ryan Healy, Tiffany Tsay, Junrui Di, Lee Goeddel, Daniel Young, Vadim Zipunnikov, Jennifer Schrack, Cardiac Surgery Mobility Working Group

Physical Therapy Faculty Research

Objective:

Wearable activity monitors can provide detailed data on activity after cardiac surgery and discriminate a patient's risk for hospital-based outcomes. However, comparative data for different monitoring approaches, as well as predictive ability over clinical characteristics, are lacking. In addition, data on specific thresholds of activity are needed. The objective of this study was to compare 3 wearable activity monitors and 1 observational mobility scale in discriminating risk for 3 hospital-based outcomes, and to establish clinically relevant step thresholds.

Methods:

Cardiac surgery patients were enrolled between June 2016 and August 2017 in a cohort study. Postoperative activity was measured by …

Determining Front-Line Therapeutic Strategy For Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma, Kevin K Zarrabi, Oladimeji Lanade, Daniel M Geynisman

Department of Medical Oncology Faculty Papers

The therapeutic landscape for metastatic renal cell carcinoma has rapidly evolved over the years, and we are now in an era of combination therapy strategies employing immune checkpoint blockade and anti-angiogenesis targeted therapy. Since 2018, we have gained regulatory approval for four distinct combination therapies, all with survival benefits, and with guideline recommendation for use in the front-line setting. As such, treatment selection has become increasingly complex with a myriad of treatment choices but little high-level head-to-head data to guide treatment selection. Heterogeneity in tumor biology further complicates treatment selection as tumors vary in behavior and treatment responsiveness. Ongoing development …

Regional Variation In Brain Tissue Texture In Patients With Tonic-Clonic Seizures, Jennifer A Ogren, Luke A Allen, Bhaswati Roy, Beate Diehl, John M Stern, Dawn S Eliashiv, Samden D Lhatoo, Ronald M Harper, Rajesh Kumar

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Patients with epilepsy, who later succumb to sudden unexpected death, show altered brain tissue volumes in selected regions. It is unclear whether the alterations in brain tissue volume represent changes in neurons or glial properties, since volumetric procedures have limited sensitivity to assess the source of volume changes (e.g., neuronal loss or glial cell swelling). We assessed a measure, entropy, which can determine tissue homogeneity by evaluating tissue randomness, and thus, shows tissue integrity; the measure is easily calculated from T1-weighted images. T1-weighted images were collected with a 3.0-Tesla MRI from 53 patients with tonic-clonic (TC) …

Kat-Arc Accelerated 4d Flow Cmr: Clinical Validation For Transvalvular Flow And Peak Velocity Assessment, Hosamadin Assadi, Bhalraam Uthayachandran, Rui Li, James Wardley, Tha H Nyi, Ciaran Grafton-Clarke, Andrew J Swift, Ana Beatriz Solana, Jean-Paul Aben, Kurian Thampi, David Hewson, Chris Sawh, Richard Greenwood, Marina Hughes, Bahman Kasmai, Liang Zhong, Marcus Flather, Vassilios S Vassiliou, Pankaj Garg

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: To validate the k-adaptive-t autocalibrating reconstruction for Cartesian sampling (kat-ARC), an exclusive sparse reconstruction technique for four-dimensional (4D) flow cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) using conservation of mass principle applied to transvalvular flow.

METHODS: This observational retrospective study (2020/21-075) was approved by the local ethics committee at the University of East Anglia. Consent was waived. Thirty-five patients who had a clinical CMR scan were included. CMR protocol included cine and 4D flow using Kat-ARC acceleration factor 6. No respiratory navigation was applied. For validation, the agreement between mitral net flow (MNF) and the aortic net flow (ANF) was investigated. Additionally, …

Failure Factors For Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Surgical Treatment: When And How To Perform A Revision Carpal Tunnel Decompression Surgery, Carlos Henrique Fernandes, João Baptista Gomes Santos, Francisco Schwartz-Fernandes, A. Lee Ostermann, Flávio Faloppa

Department of Surgery Faculty Papers

Despite being a procedure widely used all over the world with high rates of symptom remission, surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome may present unsatisfactory outcomes. Such outcomes may be manifested clinically by non-remission of symptoms, remission of symptoms with recurrence a time after surgery or appearance of different symptoms after surgery. Different factors are related to this unsuccessful surgical treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome. Prevention can be achieved through a thorough preoperative clinical evaluation of the patient. As such, the surgeon will be able to make differential or concomitant diagnoses, as well as determine factors related to patient dissatisfaction. …

Therapeutic Management Of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Presenting With Recurrent Massive Ascites, Ugochi Ebinama, Nathaniel R Wilson, Anindita Ghosh, Binsah S George

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a lymphoproliferative malignancy that is categorized by the production and accumulation of CD5+ monoclonal B cell lymphocytes, commonly in the spleen, bone marrow, and peripheral blood; these are morphologically mature lymphocytes with abnormal immune function. Ascites, although common in solid organ malignancies such as ovarian, breast, and gastrointestinal, is a rare clinical manifestation in hematological malignancies. The case presented herein describes an elderly male patient with CLL who presented with transudative ascites 7 years after the completion of chemotherapy. Microscopic analysis and flow cytometry of the patient's ascitic fluid were consistent with CLL, and he …

Chronic Neuropsychiatric Sequelae Of Sars-Cov-2: Protocol And Methods From The Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium, Gabriel A. De Erausquin, Heather Snyder, Traolach S. Brugha, Sudha Seshadri, Maria Carrillo, Rajesh Sagar, Yueqin Huang, Charles Newton, Carmela Tartaglia, John Blangero, Gladys E. Maestre, Sarah Williams Blangero

School of Medicine Publications

Introduction

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has caused >3.5 million deaths worldwide and affected >160 million people. At least twice as many have been infected but remained asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. COVID‐19 includes central nervous system manifestations mediated by inflammation and cerebrovascular, anoxic, and/or viral neurotoxicity mechanisms. More than one third of patients with COVID‐19 develop neurologic problems during the acute phase of the illness, including loss of sense of smell or taste, seizures, and stroke. Damage or functional changes to the brain may result in chronic sequelae. The risk of incident cognitive and neuropsychiatric complications appears independent from the severity …

Predictive Value Of The Advanced Lipoprotein Profile And Glycated Proteins On Diabetic Retinopathy, Josep Julve, Joana Rossell, Eudald Correig, Marina Idalia Rojo-Lopez, Nuria Amigó, Marta Hernández, Alicia Traveset, Marc Carbonell, Nuria Alonso, Didac Mauricio, Esmeralda Castelblanco

2020-Current year OA Pubs

This study aimed to assess whether the advanced characteristics of serum lipoprotein subclasses could better predict the risk of developing diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its severity compared to other established risk factors in subjects with type 1 (T1D) and type 2 (T2D) diabetes. This observational, cross-sectional substudy analyzed DR-related data from 309 T1D and 264 T2D subjects. The advanced lipoprotein and glycoprotein profile was determined by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy (Liposcale test). NMR analysis of lipoproteins revealed that T1D subjects with DR showed standard non-HDL particles, despite higher IDL lipid concentrations. Notably, IDL lipids were elevated in T1D subjects …

Glycemia Reduction In Type 2 Diabetes - Glycemic Outcomes, David M Nathan, John M Lachin, Ashok Balasubramanyam, Henry B Burch, John B Buse, Nicole M Butera, Robert M Cohen, Jill P Crandall, Steven E Kahn, Heidi Krause-Steinrauf, Mary E Larkin, Neda Rasouli, Margaret Tiktin, Deborah J Wexler, Naji Younes

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: The comparative effectiveness of glucose-lowering medications for use with metformin to maintain target glycated hemoglobin levels in persons with type 2 diabetes is uncertain.

METHODS: In this trial involving participants with type 2 diabetes of less than 10 years' duration who were receiving metformin and had glycated hemoglobin levels of 6.8 to 8.5%, we compared the effectiveness of four commonly used glucose-lowering medications. We randomly assigned participants to receive insulin glargine U-100 (hereafter, glargine), the sulfonylurea glimepiride, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide, or sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor. The primary metabolic outcome was a glycated hemoglobin level, …

Trial Of Antisense Oligonucleotide Tofersen For Sod1 Als, Timothy M Miller, Robert C Bucelli, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: The intrathecally administered antisense oligonucleotide tofersen reduces synthesis of the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) protein and is being studied in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with mutations in

METHODS: In this phase 3 trial, we randomly assigned adults with

RESULTS: A total of 72 participants received tofersen (39 predicted to have faster progression), and 36 received placebo (21 predicted to have faster progression). Tofersen led to greater reductions in concentrations of SOD1 in CSF and of neurofilament light chains in plasma than placebo. In the faster-progression subgroup (primary analysis), the change to week 28 in the ALSFRS-R …

Tbx21 Methylation As A Potential Regulator Of Immune Suppression In Cms1 Subtype Colorectal Cancer, Yuanyuan Shen, Yulia I Nussbaum, Yariswamy Manjunath, Justin J Hummel, Matthew A Ciorba, Wesley C Warren, Jussuf T Kaifi, Christos Papageorgiou, Rene Cortese, Chi-Ren Shyu, Jonathan B Mitchem

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) infiltration is associated with survival, recurrence, and therapeutic response in colorectal cancer (CRC). Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy, which requires CTLs for response, does not work for most CRC patients. Therefore, it is critical to improve our understanding of immune resistance in this disease. We utilized 2391 CRC patients and 7 omics datasets, integrating clinical and genomic data to determine how DNA methylation may impact survival and CTL function in CRC. Using comprehensive molecular subtype (CMS) 1 patients as reference, we found TBX21 to be the only gene with altered expression and methylation that was associated …

Efficacy Of A Smartphone-Based Care Support Programme In Improving Post-Traumatic Stress In Families With Childhood Cancer: Protocol Of A Randomised Controlled Trial, Jun Ma, Han-Zhu Qian, Yueyang Peng, Yali Xiang, Minghua Yang, Jessica Hahne, Can Gu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

INTRODUCTION: Diagnosis and treatment represent distressing experiences for the families of children with cancer. Psychosocial challenges are faced by these families in China because of limited health services and resources for psychosocial oncology care. Effective interventions tailored to the knowledge level and cultural values of this population are needed. The goal of this study is to evaluate a smartphone-based care support (SBCS) programme for the families of children with cancer in China.

METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A parallel randomised controlled trial will be conducted to examine the efficacy of an evidence-based and culturally tailored SBCS programme for the families of children …

Wastewater-Informed Public Health Intervention Playbook

Sustain Magazine

As the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic quickly spread from country to country and continent to continent in 2020, governments and scientists needed a way to track COVID-19 through populations in order to position public health interventions in the most impactful locations. Having a decision-based risk framework may help to guide policy creation that could minimize or prevent possible outbreaks and surges of infection within communities. The University of Louisville in partnership with Louisville’s Department of Public Health and Wellness tested this strategy in 2021 and 2022. This Wastewater-Informed Public Health Intervention Playbook describes the decisions and actions of that academic and public …

Recommendations For Optimizing Cardiac Ischemia Detection For Physical Therapy Practice: Research Review, Stacey Pirtle, Germaine Ferreira

Physical Therapy Collection

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to guide physical therapists in recognizing ischemia using electrocardiogram strips during graded exercise stress testing using methods other than relying on ST segment deviation for cardiac ischemia detection.

Methods: A literature review of the English-language literature published between 1975 to 2022 on the detection and prediction accuracy of ECG abnormalities on cardiac ischemia during GXT was conducted using PubMed and CINAHL. Inclusion criteria included studies utilizing 12-lead ECG monitoring while performing GXT for the detection of cardiac ischemia. Exclusion criteria included studies that did not utilize GXT or ECG for detection of cardiac …

2022-09-21_Michiganoverview_Covidbedppe, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Hospital Data

Contains the tables Statewide Hospital Capacity Report for COVID-19, COVID-19 Metrics, Statewide Hospital Available PPE Tracking for COVID-19, as well as the tables PPE Days On Hand and Patient Census.

2022-09-21_Michiganoverview_Covidvaccinestats, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Vaccine Data

The COVID Vaccine Dashboard page was obtained from Michigan's main COVID-19 page: https://www.michigan.gov/coronavirus/resources/covid-19-vaccine/covid-19-dashboard.

First-dose tracker above is for entire Michigan Population. Coverage maps below are for age 5+.

Previously reported numbers of administered vaccine doses may change as new data are received. A possible lag in reporting vaccine doses will result in increases in numbers previously reported.

This report is created by the Michigan Department of Health and Human Services Division of Immunization from data reported to the Michigan Care Improvement Registry (MCIR).

The dashboard contained the tabs Primary Series Doses Administered, Primary Series Doses by Vaccine, …

A Narrative Review Of The Disenfranchisement Of Single Mothers In Highland Ecuador, Lisbeth Alexandra Pino Gavidia, Joy C. Macdermid, Laura K. Brunton, Samantha Doralp

Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Publications

Background:

The Andean South American country of Ecuador presents social challenges that contribute to inequities. The social determinants of health have impacts on the physical, psychological and social health of individuals across all societies. Ecuador is an example of how the interactions of gender roles and social determinants of health impact the health of single mothers and their children.

Methods:

A retrospective historical literature review was conducted on gender role expectations within the rural context Ecuador to inform future public health strategies and health interventions.

Results:

Gender inequality contributes to higher rates of single parenting, child labour, and migration. Food …

No Statistical Learning Advantage In Children Over Adults: Evidence From Behaviour And Neural Entrainment., Christine N Moreau, Marc F. Joanisse, Jerrica Mulgrew, Laura J. Batterink

Brain and Mind Institute Researchers' Publications

Explicit recognition measures of statistical learning (SL) suggest that children and adults have similar linguistic SL abilities. However, explicit tasks recruit additional cognitive processes that are not directly relevant for SL and may thus underestimate children's true SL capacities. In contrast, implicit tasks and neural measures of SL should be less influenced by explicit, higher-level cognitive abilities and thus may be better suited to capturing developmental differences in SL. Here, we assessed SL to six minutes of an artificial language in English-speaking children (n = 56, 24 females, M = 9.98 years) and adults (n = 44; 31 females, M …

Factors Influencing Mental Health Outcomes Of University Personnel During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Rebecca C. Holland, Melissa K. Kossman, Leslie W. Oglesby, Morgan R. Eckenrod, Abigail S. Willis, Anna K. Porter

Journal of Public Health in the Deep South

Background: Previous research links the COVID-19 pandemic to negative effects on physical and mental health; however, little is known about how those effects can be mitigated. Additionally, college campuses experience mental health issues regularly, which were heightened during the pandemic. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the current status of mental health within a university community and identify factors associated with excessive worry during the COVID-19 pandemic, such as mental health, resilience, grit, and other demographic factors. Methods: A questionnaire examining five domains (demographics, COVID-19 distancing behaviors, physical, mental, and social and economic health) was created, validated, …

Racial Ethnic Disparities In Functional Limitations And Depression Symptoms During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Hui Liew

Journal of Public Health in the Deep South

Purpose: This study seeks to examine how the impacts of physical and mental comorbidities and functional limitations on depressive symptoms vary by the major racial ethnic groups (i.e. Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics).Methods: The empirical work of this is based on the United States using data from the 2020 Health and Retirement Study (HRS) COVID-10 Project.Results: Findings suggest that physical and mental comorbid conditions, functional limitations and depressive symptoms co-occur more commonly than expected for all racial ethnic groups. Females fare worse than males in terms of functional imitations (for all racial ethnic groups) and depressive symptoms (Whites only). Education has …

Enhancing Environmental Cleaning And Disinfection Practices In Diverse Healthcare Settings During The Covid19 Pandemic, Alaina Herrington

Journal of Public Health in the Deep South

PROBLEM: Inadequate cleaning and disinfection practices in the healthcare setting create an environment in which infectious pathogens can linger for days or even weeks on high-touch surfaces, presenting an increased risk of infection transmission to healthcare workers and patients. PURPOSE: This project assembled a group of stakeholders to develop and implement an evidence-based intervention to improve environmental cleaning practices and protocol compliance in three diverse healthcare settings.METHOD: The National League for Nursing (NLN) Jeffries Simulation Theory was used to guide this project by providing an organized sequence for developing and implementing a simulation-based intervention to train healthcare workers on established …

Formative Research To Inform Covid-19 Vaccine Education In Mississippi, Mmesoma I. Okafor

Journal of Public Health in the Deep South

Background. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine rates in Mississippi are below the national average. Vaccine hesitance is particularly high among rural adults in Mississippi.Purpose. To investigate community members’ beliefs about the COVID-19 vaccine and perceived barriers and enablers of vaccination to inform the development of vaccine education materials.Methods. We conducted in-depth interviews with 20 adult community members in the Appalachian region of Mississippi. Interview notes were analyzed using thematic analysis.Results. Major themes identified were related to barriers and enablers of COVID-19 vaccination. Barriers included safety concerns such as a fear of side effects, fertility issues, death, and distrust of governing …

A Novel Approach To Assessment Of Us Pediatric Trauma System Development., Mary E. Fallat, Colin Traeger, Sophie Humphrey, Lindsey Gumer, Kahir Jawad, Elissa Butler, Frederick B. Rogers, Frederick P. Rivara, Amelia T. Collings

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

Importance Mature trauma systems are critical in building and maintaining national, state, and local resilience against all-hazard disasters. Currently, pediatric state trauma system plans are not standardized and thus are without concrete measures of potential effectiveness.

Objective To develop objective measures of pediatric trauma system capability at the state level, hypothesizing significant variation in capabilities between states, and to provide a contemporary report on the status of national pediatric trauma system planning and development.

Design, Setting, and Participants A national survey was deployed in 2018 to perform a gap analysis of state pediatric trauma system capabilities. Four officials from each …

Webinars As A Tool For Increasing Awareness Of Diabetes Prevention And Management Programs, Cindy Jenkins, Carrie Durward, April Litchford, Catherine Hansen, Annette Prall, Caitlyn Jasumback

Outcomes and Impact Quarterly

Stakeholders sought to reduce the burden of preventable diabetes among adults in Utah via a “Food as Medicine” webinar series. The “Food as Medicine” webinar series sought to increase awareness of and enrollment in public diabetes programs. Evaluation results from the webinar series indicated an increase in awareness of diabetes programs and nutrition information needed to improve personal diabetes management.

Relying On Young Ambassadors To Bolster Covid-19 Study Recruitment And Participation, Traci Hayes, Wendy White

Journal of Public Health in the Deep South

In June 2020, young adults comprised 20% of the COVID-19 cases and asymptomatic individuals were seen as “carriers” taking the virus into their homes and social settings. As with many health issues, the minority population was dealing with worse health outcomes. African Americans young adults were not excluded from this circumstance. In Mississippi, the group had some of the highest rates of COVID-19 in the state. Additionally, some young people across Mississippi were expressing that they felt unengaged and left out of the discussions on COVID-19. These concerns prompted the research project, Young Adults Against COVID-19 (YAACOV), a project under …

Leadership Experiences Of Internal Medicine Residents: A Needs Assessment For Leadership Curricula, Maureen D Lyons, Julie Oyler, Katherine Iossi, Sarah Merriam

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Leadership development during medical training is critical. Accrediting bodies strongly recommend and residents desire leadership training. However, limited needs assessment data exist regarding trainee perceptions of and experiences with leadership training. Our objective is to describe residents' perceptions of leadership and desires for leadership training with the goal of informing effective curricular development.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: In 2019 a trained qualitative interviewer conducted semi-structured interviews with volunteer second-year categorical internal medicine residents recruited via email across four institutions. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and inductively coded by two independent coders. After adjudicating discrepancies, coders synthesized codes into broader themes. Final …