Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Vitamin C Supplementation For The Treatment Of Covid-19: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Monika Olczak-Pruc, Damian Swieczkowski, Jerzy R Ladny, Michal Pruc, Raul Juarez-Vela, Zubaid Rafique, Frank W Peacock, Lukasz Szarpak

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Since the outbreak of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), millions of people have died, and the medical system has faced significant difficulties. Our purpose was to perform a meta-analysis to estimate the effect of vitamin C on in-hospital mortality and the ICU or hospital length of stay for patients diagnosed with COVID-19. We conducted a systematic review with meta-analysis in the following databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. We included studies that evaluated the effect of vitamin C supplementation, compared with standard treatment …

Zoonosis At The Huanan Seafood Market: A Critique, Daoyu Zhang, Gilles Demaneuf, Adrian Jones, Steven Massey, Steven Quay, Yuri Deigin, Louis R. Nemzer

Chemistry and Physics Faculty Proceedings, Presentations, Speeches, Lectures

Since the Hunan Seafood Market (HSM) in Wuhan, China was first suggested as the source of the COVID-19 pandemic in late January 2020, debate has continued over the evidence supporting this claim. Here, we assess the evidence provided in support of zoonotic spillover at the HSM as the origin of human infection of SARS-CoV-2. We find that the datasets and analyses put forward in support of zoonosis are biased, and lack sufficient verifiable data to support this hypothesis. The earliest COVID-19 case at the HSM was not at or near a wildlife stall, the distribution of cases at the HSM …

A Dpagt1 Missense Variant Causes Degenerative Retinopathy Without Myasthenic Syndrome In Mice, Lillian F Hyde, Yang Kong, Lihong Zhao, Sriganesh Ramachandra Rao, Jieping Wang, Lisa Stone, Andrew Njaa, Gayle B. Collin, Mark P. Krebs, Bo Chang, Steven J Fliesler, Patsy M. Nishina, Juergen K. Naggert

Faculty Research 2022

Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a heterogenous group of primarily autosomal recessive mendelian diseases caused by disruptions in the synthesis of lipid-linked oligosaccharides and their transfer to proteins. CDGs usually affect multiple organ systems and vary in presentation, even within families. There is currently no cure, and treatment is aimed at ameliorating symptoms and improving quality of life. Here, we describe a chemically induced mouse mutant,

Global Variation In Isolated Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction, Derrick M Knapik, Varun Gopinatth, Garrett R Jackson, Jorge Chahla, Matthew V Smith, Matthew J Matava, Robert H Brophy

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: In the setting of persistent instability or failed non-operative management, surgical reconstruction is commonly recommended for isolated posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tears. The purpose of this study was to systematically review published studies to evaluate regional variation in the epidemiology of and surgical approaches to primary, isolated PCL reconstruction.

METHODS: A systematic review was performed in June 2022 to identify studies examining operative techniques during primary, isolated PCL reconstruction. Collected variables consisted of reconstruction technique, graft type, graft source, tibial reconstruction technique, femoral and tibial drilling and fixation methods, and whether the remnant PCL was preserved or debrided. Studies …

Sk3 In Pomc Neurons Plays A Sexually Dimorphic Role In Energy And Glucose Homeostasis, Meng Yu, Jonathan C Bean, Hailan Liu, Yang He, Yongjie Yang, Xing Cai, Kaifan Yu, Zhou Pei, Hesong Liu, Longlong Tu, Kristine M Conde, Mengjie Wang, Yongxiang Li, Na Yin, Nan Zhang, Junying Han, Nikolas A Scarcelli, Pingwen Xu, Yanlin He, Yong Xu, Chunmei Wang

Children’s Nutrition Research Center Staff Publications

Background: Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons play a sexually dimorphic role in body weight and glucose balance. However, the mechanisms for the sex differences in POMC neuron functions are not fully understood.

Results: We detected small conductance calcium-activated potassium (SK) current in POMC neurons. Secondary analysis of published single-cell RNA-Seq data showed that POMC neurons abundantly express SK3, one SK channel subunit. To test whether SK3 in POMC neurons regulates POMC neuron functions on energy and glucose homeostasis, we used a Cre-loxP strategy to delete SK3 specifically from mature POMC neurons. POMC-specific deletion of SK3 did not affect body weight in either …

Cellular Sources And Neuroprotective Roles Of Interleukin-10 In The Facial Motor Nucleus After Axotomy, Elizabeth M Runge, Deborah O Setter, Abhirami K Iyer, Eric J Regele, Felicia M Kennedy, Virginia M Sanders, Kathryn J Jones

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Facial motoneuron (FMN) survival is mediated by CD4+ T cells in an interleukin-10 (IL-10)-dependent manner after facial nerve axotomy (FNA), but CD4+ T cells themselves are not the source of this neuroprotective IL-10. The aims of this study were to (1) identify the temporal and cell-specific induction of IL-10 expression in the facial motor nucleus and (2) elucidate the neuroprotective capacity of this expression after axotomy. Immunohistochemistry revealed that FMN constitutively produced IL-10, whereas astrocytes were induced to make IL-10 after FNA.

Risk Prevention And Health Promotion For Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Diseases (Nafld), Adnan Khan, Do, Heather Ross, Natali Salinas, Sarah Chen, Kashyap Chauhan, Makala Wang, Brian Yan, Ba, John Magagna, Jacob Beiriger, Yash Shah, Taha Shahzad, Dina Halegoua-De Marzio, Md

Division of Internal Medicine Faculty Papers & Presentations

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a serious clinicopathological condition that is recognized as the most frequent chronic liver disease, affecting 14%-30% of the world’s population. The prevalence of NAFLD has rapidly grown and is correlated with the growth in obesity and type 2 diabetes, among other factors. NAFLD often results in long-term complications including cardiovascular disease, liver cirrhosis, and liver fibrosis. This paper provides an updated overview of NAFLD with a focus on epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, screening, complications, and pharmacological therapies to identify effective risk prevention and health promotion.

Viral Small Terminase: A Divergent Structural Framework For A Conserved Biological Function., Ravi K. Lokareddy, Chun-Feng David Hou, Fenglin Li, Ruoyu Yang, Gino Cingolani

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

The genome packaging motor of bacteriophages and herpesviruses is built by two terminase subunits, known as large (TerL) and small (TerS), both essential for viral genome packaging. TerL structure, composition, and assembly to an empty capsid, as well as the mechanisms of ATP-dependent DNA packaging, have been studied in depth, shedding light on the chemo-mechanical coupling between ATP hydrolysis and DNA translocation. Instead, significantly less is known about the small terminase subunit, TerS, which is dispensable or even inhibitory in vitro, but essential in vivo. By taking advantage of the recent revolution in cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and building upon a …

Refining The Nutrition Environment Measures Survey (Nems) For Healthy Community Stores: Adaptations To Capture Alternative Food Retailers And Align With Dietary Guidelines, Alex B. Hill, Ravneet Kuar, Samantha M. Sundermeir, Christina Kasprzak, Megan Winkler, Sara John, Rachael D. Dombrowski, Bree Bode, Joel Gittelsohn

Urban Studies and Planning Faculty Research Publications

Inadequate consumption of healthy food is an ongoing public health issue in the United States. Food availability measures of supply versus consumption of healthy foods are disconnected in many studies. There is a need for an objective assessment of the food environment in order to assess how the food supply aligns with the Healthy Eating Index (HEI). Data were collected as part of the Healthy Community Stores Case Study Project, including a refined Nutrition Environment Measures Survey for Healthy Community Stores (NEMS-HCS) and an updated Healthy Food Availability Index that aligns with the Healthy Eating Index (HFAHEI). This paper will …

Integrating A Patient Decision Aid Into The Electronic Health Record: A Case Report On The Implementation Of Breastchoice At 2 Sites, Clara N Lee, Janessa Sullivan, Randi Foraker, Terence M Myckatyn, Margaret A Olsen, Crystal Phommasathit, Jessica Boateng, Katelyn L Parrish, Milisa Rizer, Tim Huerta, Mary C Politi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

UNLABELLED: Patient decision aids can support shared decision making and improve decision quality. However, decision aids are not widely used in clinical practice due to multiple barriers. Integrating patient decision aids into the electronic health record (EHR) can increase their use by making them more clinically relevant, personalized, and actionable. In this article, we describe the procedures and considerations for integrating a patient decision aid into the EHR, based on the example of BREASTChoice, a decision aid for breast reconstruction after mastectomy. BREASTChoice's unique features include 1) personalized risk prediction using clinical data from the EHR, 2) clinician- and patient-facing …

Occupational Therapists And Physiotherapists Weighing Up The Dignity Of Risk For People Living With A Brain Injury: Grounded Theory, Mandy Stanley, Gisela Van Kessel, Carolyn M. Murray, Deborah Forsythe, Shylie Mackintosh

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

Purpose:

Following a brain injury survivors may have physical, or cognitive changes or behaviours which bring safety risks into play when engaging in activities. Therapists experience tensions in enabling the dignity of participation in the context of managing risk.

Materials and methods:

Ten occupational therapists and seven physiotherapists participated in a grounded theory study utilising semi-structured in-depth interviews to explore the tensions between dignity and management of safety risks. Data were analysed using constant comparative method and a process of moving from open coding to categories to theory development.

Results:

The process of weighing up was central to the therapists’ …

Mobile Health Software Platform Implementation To Improve Pediatric Remote Patient Monitoring Outcomes, Lori A. Erickson, Amy Ricketts, Jenny Marshall, Krista Nelson, Peter Churchill, Dawn Wolff, Robert W. Steele

Posters

Background: Children’s High Acuity Monitoring Program (CHAMP®) is a software platform for pediatric remote patient monitoring. It is used with a proactive, personalized, pediatric care model providing a link for communication with a specialized healthcare team to patients and families in their homes. Successful implementation since 2014 includes: adoption at 12 pediatric hospitals and over 870 infants with a survival of 96.5% (down from 20% in 2012). This work led our team to engage leadership to discuss a remote patient monitoring department with new monitoring devices and expanded access to pediatric conditions.

Methods: Strategic Planning and Innovation facilitated navigation of …

Dissection Of A Sensorimotor Circuit Underlying Pathogen Aversion In C Elegans, Adam Filipowicz, Jonathan Lalsiamthara, Alejandro Aballay

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Altering animal behavior to reduce pathogen exposure is a key line of defense against pathogen attack. In Caenorhabditis elegans, alterations in intestinal physiology caused by pathogen colonization and sensation of microbial metabolites may lead to activation of pathogen aversive behaviors ranging from aversive reflexes to learned avoidance. However, the neural circuitry between chemosensory neurons that sense pathogenic bacterial cues and the motor neurons responsible for avoidance-associated locomotion remains unknown.

RESULTS: Using C. elegans, we found that backward locomotion was a component of learned pathogen avoidance, as animals pre-exposed to Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Enterococcus faecalis showed reflexive aversion to drops …

Guidelines For Assessing And Enhancing The Organizational Vitality Of Pharmacy Educational Programs: A Call To Action!, Ashim Malhotra, Jeremy Hughes, David G Fuentes

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Organizational vitality encompasses organizational mission and identity, organizational purpose and values, and employee engagement, cohesiveness, anxiety, and information sharing. Using the organizational vitality framework consisting of the following five pillars: (1) human, (2) knowledge, (3) intellectual, (4) financial capital, and (5) market value, we propose a reflection guide and specific calls to action for academic leaders including deans, department chairs, assistant/associate deans, and others within pharmacy and healthcare education systems. Our overall aim is to provide a blueprint for academic leaders to assess and enhance the organizational health, vitality, resiliency, and sustainability of their pharmacy educational programs using an established …

Metarnn: Differentiating Rare Pathogenic And Rare Benign Missense Snvs And Indels Using Deep Learning, Chang Li, Degui Zhi, Kai Wang, Xiaoming Liu

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Multiple computational approaches have been developed to improve our understanding of genetic variants. However, their ability to identify rare pathogenic variants from rare benign ones is still lacking. Using context annotations and deep learning methods, we present pathogenicity prediction models, MetaRNN and MetaRNN-indel, to help identify and prioritize rare nonsynonymous single nucleotide variants (nsSNVs) and non-frameshift insertion/deletions (nfINDELs). We use independent test sets to demonstrate that these new models outperform state-of-the-art competitors and achieve a more interpretable score distribution. Importantly, prediction scores from both models are comparable, enabling easy adoption of integrated genotype-phenotype association analysis methods. All pre-computed nsSNV scores …

Near-Peers Effectively Teach Clinical Documentation Skills To Early Medical Students, Anita Vijay Kusnoor, Rajeev Balchandani, Malford Tyson Pillow, Stephanie Sherman, Nadia Ismail

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

Background: Composing the History of Present Illness (HPI), a key component of medical communication, requires critical thinking. Small group learning strategies have demonstrated superior effectiveness at developing critical thinking skills. Finding sufficient faculty facilitators for small groups remains a major gap in implementing these sessions. We hypothesized that "near-peer" teachers could effectively teach HPI documentation skills and fill the gap of small group facilitators. Here, we present a head-to-head comparison of near-peer and faculty teaching outcomes.

Methods: Second-year medical students in a single institution participated in an HPI Workshop as a clinical skills course requirement. Students were randomly assigned a …

Near-Peers Effectively Teach Clinical Documentation Skills To Early Medical Students, Anita Vijay Kusnoor, Rajeev Balchandani, Malford Tyson Pillow, Stephanie Sherman, Nadia Ismail

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

BACKGROUND: Composing the History of Present Illness (HPI), a key component of medical communication, requires critical thinking. Small group learning strategies have demonstrated superior effectiveness at developing critical thinking skills. Finding sufficient faculty facilitators for small groups remains a major gap in implementing these sessions. We hypothesized that "near-peer" teachers could effectively teach HPI documentation skills and fill the gap of small group facilitators. Here, we present a head-to-head comparison of near-peer and faculty teaching outcomes.

METHODS: Second-year medical students in a single institution participated in an HPI Workshop as a clinical skills course requirement. Students were randomly assigned a …

Spatial Profiling Of The Prostate Cancer Tumor Microenvironment Reveals Multiple Differences In Gene Expression And Correlation With Recurrence Risk, Vinay Kumar, Pavneet Randhawa, Robert Bilodeau, Dan Mercola, Michael Mcclelland, Anshu Agrawal, James Nguyen, Patricia Castro, Michael M Ittmann, Farah Rahmatpanah

Faculty, Staff and Students Publications

The tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in both the development and progression of prostate cancer. Furthermore, identifying protein and gene expression differences between different regions is valuable for treatment development. We applied Digital Spatial Profiling multiplex analysis to formalin-fixed paraffin embedded prostatectomy tissue blocks to investigate protein and transcriptome differences between tumor, tumor-adjacent stroma (TAS), CD45+ tumor, and CD45+ TAS tissue. Differential expression of an immunology/oncology protein panel (n = 58) was measured. OX40L and CTLA4 were expressed at higher levels while 22 other proteins, including CD11c, were expressed at lower levels (FDR < 0.2 and p-value < 0.05) in TAS as compared to tumor epithelia. A tissue microarray analysis of 97 patients with 1547 cores found positive correlations between high expression of CD11c and increased time to recurrence in tumor and TAS, and inverse relationships for CTLA4 and OX40L, where higher expression in tumor correlated with lower time to recurrence, but higher time to recurrence in TAS. Spatial transcriptomic analysis using a Cancer Transcriptome Atlas panel (n = 1825 genes) identified 162 genes downregulated and 69 upregulated in TAS versus tumor, 26 downregulated and 6 upregulated in CD45+ TAS versus CD45+ tumor. We utilized CIBERSORTx to estimate the relative immune cell fractions using CD45+ gene expression and found higher average fractions for memory B, naïve B, and T cells in TAS. In summary, the combination of protein expression differences, immune cell fractions, and correlations of protein expression with time to recurrence suggest that closely examining the tumor microenvironment provides valuable data that can improve prognostication and treatment techniques.

Why Tic Severity Changes From Then To Now And From Here To There, Ann M Iverson, Kevin J. Black

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Much of the research regarding Tourette's syndrome (TS) has focused on why certain individuals develop tics while others do not. However, a separate line of research focuses on the momentary influences that cause tics to increase or decrease in patients who are already known to have TS or another chronic tic disorder (CTD). Environmental and internal variables such as fatigue, anxiety, and certain types of thoughts all have been shown to worsen tic severity and may even overcome the positive effects of treatment. Other influences such as stress, distraction, and being observed have had mixed effects in the various studies …

The Effect Of Varied Recumbent Stepping Conditions On Lower Extremity Muscle Activity, Michael Hoff, Michelle M. Smith, Katie M. Grismer, Lainey M. Studebaker, Caleb A. Colon, Allison Kinney, Kimberly Edginton Bigelow, Kurt Jackson

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 3: Issue 1, Article 9, 2022. The purpose of this study was to measure lower extremity muscle activity during recumbent stepping under varied conditions. We hypothesized that different stepping conditions would lead to significant changes in muscle activity. Fifteen healthy adults (4 men, 11 women; mean age 24.5 ± 7.7 yrs) provided informed consent to participate. During a single session, electromyography (EMG) was used to measure muscle activity of the tibialis anterior (TA), medial gastroc (MG), rectus femoris (RF), and biceps femoris (BF) muscles as a percent of maximal voluntary contraction (%MVC) during …

Wearing Judogi In A Humid Tropical Environment: Effect On Performance And Hydro-Electrolytic Parameters, Simplice Moussouami, Yvon Rock Ghislain Alongo, André Georges Moulongo, Paul Roger Mabounda Kounga, Erode Mabika Nzoumba, Issiako Bio Nigan

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology

Topics in Exercise Science and Kinesiology Volume 3: Issue 1, Article 8, 2022. Extremely high heat stress environmental conditions in sub-Saharan Africa influences sports performance. The aim of this study was to assess physical changes and physiological responses associated with wearing judogi during 8 weeks training session in a hot environment. In this quasi-experimental study, trained male judokas (20.06 ± 1.24 years old), were assessed before and after a training session, while either wearing a judogi (experimental group n = 12) or cotton tee shorts (control group n = 12). All athletes completed testing and were evaluated for anthropometric, physiological …

Beyond Outdated Magazines And Motivational Posters: How To Make Offices Safer And More Assessable, Danessa A. Carter, Kelsey Boll, Amina Feder

Together We RISE (Making Excellence Inclusive)

Office spaces are the first in-person introduction for individuals to access services. However, these spaces are frequently, even if unintentionally, biased against marginalized and underserved populations. Cuthbert and Taylor (2019) noted the importance of inclusive language and heightened awareness of physical requirements for spaces as ways to impact a sense of connectedness to an environment. Hartal (2018) encourages open communication among staff regarding issues related to diversity and celebrating individual differences. These discussions and trainings can help dismantle microaggressions and empower employees to address othering behavior in an assertive and meaningful way (Fox & Ore, 2010). This presentation will address …

Medical School Watercooler Newsletter - October 7, 2022, Lindsey Lyle

Watercooler Newsletter

This is the October 7, 2022 edition of the Frederick P. Whiddon College of Medicine's newsletter - Watercooler.

Contents include:

• Hewes to present 'Spanish in Medicine'
• USA awarded NSF grant to study role of enhancer DNA sequences in gene expression
• Send us your stories of gratitude
• Alumni and students invited to tailgate Oct. 15
• New hospitalist joins internal medicine faculty
• Faculty invited to 'Lunch & Learn: Promotion and Tenure'

2022-10-07_Michiganoverview_Covidbedppe, Michigan Department Of Health & Human Services

Michigan COVID-19 Hospital Data

Contains the tables Statewide Hospital Capacity Report for COVID-19, COVID-19 Metrics, Statewide Hospital Available PPE Tracking for COVID-19, as well as the tables PPE Days On Hand and Patient Census.

Multi-Trait Genome-Wide Association Study Of Opioid Addiction: Oprm1 And Beyond, Nathan Gaddis, Arpana Agrawal, Paul W Jeffries, Kathleen Bucholz, Elliot C Nelson, Laura Bierut, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Opioid addiction (OA) is moderately heritable, yet only rs1799971, the A118G variant in OPRM1, has been identified as a genome-wide significant association with OA and independently replicated. We applied genomic structural equation modeling to conduct a GWAS of the new Genetics of Opioid Addiction Consortium (GENOA) data together with published studies (Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, Million Veteran Program, and Partners Health), comprising 23,367 cases and effective sample size of 88,114 individuals of European ancestry. Genetic correlations among the various OA phenotypes were uniformly high (r

Functional Genomics Of Complex Cancer Genomes., Francesca Menghi, Edison Liu

Faculty Research 2022

Cancer functional genomics is the study of how genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptional alterations affect cancer phenotypes, such as growth and therapeutic response. Here, we comment on how, taking advantage of next generation sequencing, functional genomics, often combined with systems biology approaches, has revealed novel cancer vulnerabilities beyond the original paradigm of one gene-one phenotype.

The Role Of Clinical Informaticist In Telemedicine Virtual Consults, Lisa Kroc Msn, Rn-Bc

Patient Care Services / Nursing

No abstract provided.

Risk Factors For Thoracic Aortic Dissection, Zhen Zhou, Alana C Cecchi, Siddharth K Prakash, Dianna M Milewicz

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Thoracic aortic aneurysms involving the root and/or the ascending aorta enlarge over time until an acute tear in the intimal layer leads to a highly fatal condition, an acute aortic dissection (AAD). These Stanford type A AADs, in which the tear occurs above the sinotubular junction, leading to the formation of a false lumen in the aortic wall that may extend to the arch and thoracoabdominal aorta. Type B AADs originate in the descending thoracic aorta just distal to the left subclavian artery. Genetic variants and various environmental conditions that disrupt the aortic wall integrity have been identified that increase …

10-11-22 Hsc Committee Agenda Revised, Hsc Committee

HSC Committee (A subcommittee of the UNM Board of Regents)

No abstract provided.

Self-Reflections On Culture And Medicine: Exploration Of Diversity, Equity, And Inclusion, James Meza, Jianming Lau, Scott Yaekle

Conference Presentation Abstracts

No abstract provided.