Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Bile Acids Regulate The Epithelial Na+ Channel In Native Tissues Through Direct Binding At Multiple Sites, Xue-Ping Wang, Viktor Tomilin, Andrew J Nickerson, Runze Tian, Merve Ertem, Abagail Mckernan, Xiaoguang Lei, Oleh Pochynyuk, Ossama B Kashlan

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Bile acids, originally known to emulsify dietary lipids, are now established signalling molecules that regulate physiological processes. Signalling targets several proteins that include the ion channels involved in regulating intestinal motility and bile viscosity. Studies show that bile acids regulate the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) in cultured cell models and heterologous expression systems. ENaC plays both local and systemic roles in regulating extracellular fluids. Here we investigated whether bile acids regulate ENaC expressed in native tissues. We found that taurocholic acid and taurohyodeoxycholic acid regulated ENaC in both the distal nephron and distal colon. We also tested the hypothesis that …

Netie: Inferring The Evolution Of Neoantigen-T Cell Interactions In Tumors, Tianshi Lu, Seongoh Park, Yi Han, Yunguan Wang, Shawna Marie Hubert, P Andy Futreal, Ignacio Wistuba, John V Heymach, Alexandre Reuben, Jianjun Zhang, Tao Wang

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Neoantigens are the key targets of antitumor immune responses from cytotoxic T cells and play a critical role in affecting tumor progressions and immunotherapy treatment responses. However, little is known about how the interaction between neoantigens and T cells ultimately affects the evolution of cancerous masses. Here, we develop a hierarchical Bayesian model, named neoantigen-T cell interaction estimation (netie) to infer the history of neoantigen-CD8

International Delphi Consensus Guidelines For Follow-Up After Prophylactic Total Gastrectomy: The Life After Prophylactic Total Gastrectomy (Lag-Tg) Study, Geoffrey Roberts, Patrick R Benusiglio, Tanya Bisseling, Daniel Coit, Jeremy L Davis, Sam Grimes, Theresa A Guise, Richard Hardwick, Kirsty Harris, Paul Furman Mansfield, Jeremy Rossaak, Karen Chelcun Schreiber, Peter P Stanich, Vivian E Strong, Pardeep Kaurah

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

BACKGROUND: Prophylactic total gastrectomy (PTG) remains the only means of preventing gastric cancer for people with genetic mutations predisposing to Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer (HDGC), mainly in the CDH1 gene. The small but growing cohort of people undergoing PTG at a young age are expected to have a life-expectancy close to the general population, however, knowledge of the long-term effects of, and monitoring requirements after, PTG is limited. This study aims to define the standard of care for follow-up after PTG.

METHODS: Through a combination of literature review and two-round Delphi consensus of major HDGC/PTG units and physicians, and patient …

Immune Dysfunction Signatures Predict Outcomes And Define Checkpoint Blockade-Unresponsive Microenvironments In Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Sergio Rutella, Jayakumar Vadakekolathu, Francesco Mazziotta, Stephen Reeder, Tung-On Yau, Rupkatha Mukhopadhyay, Benjamin Dickins, Heidi Altmann, Michael Kramer, Hanna A Knaus, Bruce R Blazar, Vedran Radojcic, Joshua F Zeidner, Andrea Arruda, Bofei Wang, Hussein A Abbas, Mark D Minden, Sarah K Tasian, Martin Bornhäuser, Ivana Gojo, Leo Luznik

Faculty, Staff and Student Publications

Background

Immune exhaustion and senescence are dominant dysfunctional states of effector T cells and major hurdles for the success of cancer immunotherapy. In the current study, we characterized how acute myeloid leukemia (AML) promotes the generation of senescent-like CD8⁺ T cells and whether they have prognostic relevance.

METHODS

We analyzed NanoString, bulk RNA-Seq and single-cell RNA-Seq data from independent clinical cohorts comprising 1,896 patients treated with chemotherapy and/or immune checkpoint blockade (ICB).

Results

We show that senescent-like bone marrow CD8⁺ T cells were impaired in killing autologous AML blasts and that their proportion negatively correlated with overall survival …

Sexual Trauma Awareness & Response (Star), Tanya Rawal

Journal of the Louisiana Public Health Association

No abstract provided.

Impact Of The Patient Protection And Affordable Care Act Medicaid Expansion Oncancer Screening Uptake In Louisiana, Bilikisu Welewonibi, Coralia Vazquez-Otero, Adaobi Ankwe, Rhonda Belue

Journal of the Louisiana Public Health Association

Background: Louisiana is the only southern state that opted to receive federal funding to expand Medicaid eligibility to include adults with low incomes. This study explored the effect of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) on cancer screening in Louisiana and examined any differences in screening uptake by race and sex after expansion. Methods: Data from the 2014, 2016, 2018, and 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System for Louisiana were used. The percentage of participants (N=10,076) each year who reported receiving a screening test was plotted on a graph to examine the trend over time. Results: Colorectal cancer …

Vol 3 November '22 Cover, Publishing And Table Of Contents, Donna L. Williams

Journal of the Louisiana Public Health Association

No abstract provided.

This Is Public Health?, Donna L. Williams

Journal of the Louisiana Public Health Association

No abstract provided.

Strategies In Addressing State Screen Time Policies In Early Care And Education Centers In Louisiana, Chelsea L. Kracht, Jeanette Gustat, Maranda Gourley, Leslie Lewis, Amanda E. Staiano

Journal of the Louisiana Public Health Association

No abstract provided.

A Survey On Behaviors Related To Use Of Vapor- Emitting Devices And Oral Nicotinepouches Among Students Enrolled In Freshman Seminar At Lsu Shreveport (Lsus), Matthew A. Kelley, Marshae A. Mcneal, Timothy P. Winter

Journal of the Louisiana Public Health Association

No abstract provided.

Vol 3 November '22 Full Issue, Donna L. Williams

Journal of the Louisiana Public Health Association

No abstract provided.

Results Of Formative Research To Develop A Quit Intervention For Pregnant And Postpartum Smokers Served By Louisiana Wic Clinics, Michael D. Celestin Jr., Tyra Toston-Gross, Leonor Okwara, Ty-Runet Bryant, Tung-Sung Tseng, Tylar Wiliams, Wendy Dang, Kori Lannaman, Sarah Moody-Thomas

Journal of the Louisiana Public Health Association

Background: Interventions using Interactive Voice Response System (IVRS) technology may help pregnant and postpartum smokers quit and remain abstinent. The present study assessed the facilitators and barriers to cessation and use of IVRS technology for pregnant and postpartum smokers. Methods: Researchers conducted 10 telephone interviews with state and national healthcare experts and surveyed and interviewed 13 patients at Louisiana Women, Infants and Children (WIC) clinics. Descriptive statistics were used to characterize the interviewees and thematic analysis to report interview responses. Results: Experts described smoking during pregnancy as common, especially within vulnerable populations, but patients did not report estimates. Patients were …

Prep Examination To Assess Gestational Age, Briana Hernandez, Viviana Juare, Shabih Manzar

Journal of the Louisiana Public Health Association

No abstract provided.

Prompt Intervention In Large Bowel Obstruction Management: A Nationwide Inpatient Sample Analysis, Mary R. Kwaan, Yuqi Wu, Yang Ren, Sudha Xirasagar Mbbs., Ph.D.

Publications

BACKGROUND: Large bowel obstruction is an urgent condition which can progress to ischemia and perforation. The importance of prompt intervention has not been rigorously demonstrated. METHODS: Patients with bowel obstruction who underwent stoma, stent, and/or colectomy in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample were used to study prompt intervention (defined as occurring within 2 days of admission). Outcomes were inpatient mortality, discharge to home, and length of stay in an adjusted analysis. RESULTS: Among the 31,277 patients, prompt intervention occurred in 42.6%. In an adjusted analysis, prompt intervention was more likely in higher income patients and less likely in patients with comorbidities; …

Mid-Simulation Debriefing: The Impact On Confidence And Clinical Judgement Of Nursing Students In A Baccalaureate Mother Baby Course, Tonya Broughton

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Capstones

Debriefing is a crucial aspect of healthcare simulation. This portion of the simulation experience encompasses the vast majority of student learning and reflection that takes place, and increases skills such as communication, clinical reasoning, and critical thinking. Traditionally debriefing is performed at the end of a clinical simulation experience after the simulation experience has concluded. In the maternal-newborn setting, there are often two phases of simulation. First is the care of the laboring mother and second is the delivery and care of the newborn. This study explored the effects of completing a mid-simulation debriefing in a maternal newborn simulation at …

How I Perform Totally Endoscopic Robotic Mitral Valve Repair., Colin C Yost, Jake L Rosen, Meagan Wu, Caroline M Komlo, Jordan E Goldhammer, T Sloane Guy

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

A sixty-two-year-old male presented with significant symptoms related to severe mitral regurgitation with posterior leaflet flail and prolapse on transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE). Preoperative computed tomography (CT) angiography showed normal caliber thoracoabdominal aorta and patent access vessels. The patient underwent totally endoscopic robotic mitral valve repair (rMVr) with left atrial CryoMAZE procedure.

Determinants Of Egg Consumption By Infants And Young Children In Ethiopia, Bezawit E. Kase, Edward A. Frongillo Jr. Ph.D., Sejla Isanovic, Wendy Gonzalez, Hana Yemane Wodajo, Eric W. Djmeu

Faculty Publications

Objective:

To identify determinants of egg consumption in infants and young children aged 6–23·9 months in Ethiopia. Design and setting:

Data used were from the cross-sectional baseline survey of an egg campaign in Ethiopia implemented by the Global Alliance for Improved Nutrition. Participants:

Children aged 6–23·9 months (n 453) were sampled. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, economic resources, caregiver’s behaviour, child health and feeding practices, and egg consumption in the last 7 d were collected using interviewer-administered questionnaires. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used to examine the association between explanatory variables and egg consumption in the last 7 d. Results:

About …

The Scoop, Vol. 9 Issue 8, November 2022, Health Sciences Library

Volume 9

Latest news and updates from the Health Sciences Library in our monthly newsletter for October 2022.

Dialect Density, Language Abilities, And Emergent Literacy Skills Of Prekindergarten Children Who Speak African American English, Erika Baldwin, John J. Heilmann, Denise A. Finneran, Chi C. Cho, Maura Jones Moyle

Speech Pathology and Audiology Faculty Research and Publications

Background Numerous studies have observed a significant and unique relationship between children's use of nonmainstream dialect and reading outcomes. We aimed to examine the relationship between nonmainstream dialect and reading at its roots by completing a preliminary evaluation of the relationship between African American English (AAE) dialect and multiple dimensions of emergent literacy skills in young African American children enrolled in Head Start. Methods Seventy-eight African American preschoolers completed the Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening-PreK (PALS-PreK) and a narrative retell of the wordless picture book, Frog, Where Are You? The narratives were used to generate three measures of narrative productivity and …

Nf-Κb Represses Retinoic Acid Receptor–Mediated Gprc5a Transactivation In Lung Epithelial Cells To Promote Neoplasia, Hongyong Song, Xiaofeng Ye, Yueling Liao, Siwei Zhang, Dongliang Xu, Shuangshuang Zhong, Bo Jing, Tong Wang, Beibei Sun, Jianhua Xu, Wenzheng Guo, Kaimi Li, Min Hu, Yanbin Kuang, Jing Ling, Tuo Zhang, Yadi Wu, Jing Du, Feng Yao, Y. Eugene Chin, Qi Wang, Binhua P. Zhou, Jiong Deng

Markey Cancer Center Faculty Publications

Chronic inflammation is associated with lung tumorigenesis, in which NF-κB–mediated epigenetic regulation plays a critical role. Lung tumor suppressor G protein–coupled receptor, family C, member 5A (GPRC5A), is repressed in most non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC); however, the mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that NF-κB acts as a transcriptional repressor in suppression of GPRC5A. NF-κB induced GPRC5A repression both in vitro and in vivo. Intriguingly, transactivation of NF-κB downstream targets was not required, but the transactivation domain of RelA/p65 was required for GPRC5A repression. NF-κB did not bind to any potential cis-element in the GPRC5A promoter. Instead, p65 was …

Olfactory Processing In The Piriform Cortex Of Awake, Freely Moving Mice, Ian F. Chapman

Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

The piriform cortex (PC) has long been established as the primary cortical recipient of olfactory information in the mammalian brain. In rodents, information extracted from recordings of PC neurons can accurately decode the identity of odors, leading to delineation of PC as the primary cortical region involved in the formation of odor perception. Unfortunately, due to technical limitations, many of the prior studies establishing these coding principles were performed without the ability to track the responses of the same cells over time. Additionally, recordings have often relied on head-fixation to minimize diffusion of odor stimuli, limiting movement range and natural …

Cardiac Biomarkers In Differentiating Kawasaki Disease And Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome In Children Associated With Covid-19, Mollie Walton, Geetha Raghuveer, K Kamakoti, N Dahdah, L Garrido, S Tierney, T Harris, M Khoury, M Hicar, E Braunlin, D Thacker, M Khare, F Dallaire, R Lowndes, I Glassmeyer, J Ballweg, G Goldenberg, S Merves, C Manlhiot, P Farid, Bw Mccrindle

Posters

Introduction – Kawasaki disease (KD) and Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C) associated with COVID-19 show considerable clinical overlap making differentiation challenging, particularly in the absence of evidence of evidence of prior COVID-19. Hypothesis – Cardiac biomarkers can differentiate KD from MIS-C. Methods – The International KD Registry enrolled n=2903 contemporaneous KD, MIS-C and acute COVID-19 pediatric patients from 42 sites in 8 countries from January 2020 through July 2022. The study population was confined to 1489 MIS-C patients meeting CDC criteria with confirmed evidence of prior COVID-19 infection and 387 KD patients meeting AHA guideline criteria with confirmed evidence …

Case Report: Autoimmune Anemia And Thrombocytopenia Following Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant, Thomas Cochran, Gabor Oroszi, Nancy Terwilliger, Gabe Metzler, Lejla Music Aplenc

Posters

Background: Autoimmune cytopenias (AIC) post hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) are rare but exceptionally challenging complications. Here, we report anti E, warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia (WAIHA), cold autoantibody, polyagglutination and immune thrombocytopenia in a 5-year-old boy with a history of chronic granulomatous disease, who underwent an ABO incompatible, mismatched (9/10) unrelated HSCT. Study design: Case report. Four months after HSCT, the patient was admitted for fever, fatigue, and decreased appetite. His original blood type was O+ and donor’s blood type B+. Prior to the admission he was transfused with 2 doses of red cells and 2 doses of platelets. On …

Clinicopathologic Features Of Renal Cell Carcinomas Seen At The Aga Khan University Hospital In Kenya, Anderson Mutuiri, Samuel Gakinya

Pathology, East Africa

Introduction: Kidney cancer accounted for 1. 8% of global cancer deaths according to Globocan 2020 estimates, with most of these being renal cell carcinomas. Lower rates of renal cell carcinoma are reported for Africa and these are expected to change for a combination of reasons. The clinical and morphologic characteristics of renal cell carcinoma seen within Kenya have not been described before. This study aims to partially fill this gap.

Materials and methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study examining electronic histopathology reports from the Aga Khan University Hospital Nairobi Laboratory for the period January 2016 to May 2022.

Results: …

Amplitude Synchronization Of Spontaneous Activity Of Medial And Lateral Temporal Gyri Reveals Altered Thalamic Connectivity In Patients With Temporal Lobe Epilepsy, Anish V. Sathe, Michael Kogan, Kichang Kang, Jingya Miao, Mashaal Syed, Isaiah Ailes, Caio M. Matias, Devon Middleton, Feroze B. Mohamed, Scott Faro, Joseph Tracy, Ashwini Sharan, Mahdi Alizadeh

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

In this study, we examined whether amplitude synchronization of medial (MTL) and lateral (LTL) temporal lobes can detect unique alterations in patients with MTL epilepsy (mTLE) with mesial temporal sclerosis (MTS). This was a retrospective study of preoperative resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI) data from 31 patients with mTLE with MTS (age 23-69) and 16 controls (age 21-35). fMRI data were preprocessed based on a multistep preprocessing pipeline and registered to a standard space. Using each subject's T1-weighted scan, the MTL and LTL were automatically segmented, manually revised and then fit to a standard space using a symmetric normalization registration algorithm. Dual …

Usefulness Of A Perfusion Balloon For Intraprocedural Stent Thrombosis In A Patient With St-Segment Elevated Myocardial Infarction Complicated With Cardiogenic Shock, Taro Takeyama, Yukiko Mizutani, Tetsuya Ishikawa, Kota Yamada, Hidehiko Nakamura, Shiro Nakahara, Isao Taguchi

The Texas Heart Institute Journal

Intraprocedural stent thrombosis is a rare but serious complication of reperfusion therapy for acute coronary syndrome. There is currently no consensus on the intraprocedural management of intraprocedural stent thrombosis. It is difficult to attain thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade 3, particularly in cases of cardiogenic shock. A 49-year-old man who presented with anterior ST-segment elevated acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock underwent emergency percutaneous coronary intervention to diffuse proximal lesions in the left anterior descending artery under the support of intra-aortic balloon pumping. Intraprocedural stent thrombosis occurred following the postdilations with a 3.5- × 38-mm everolimus-eluting stent. Despite administration …

Choosing Your Next Educational Adventure: Postgraduate Programs And Creating Your Path, Partha Mukherji Dds

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

This article discusses the importance of choosing the right educational path after dental school, including post-graduate programs and self-directed learning. The author reflects on their experience in opting for a General Practice Residency (GPR) program and the advantages it offered regarding skill development and career advancement. The article emphasizes the value of lifelong learning, mentorship, and the variety of continuing education options available to dentists. It encourages new dentists to take charge of their professional development and create their unique educational track.

Staff Matters: When Do Comments About Age Become Discriminatory?, Jodi Schafer Sphr, Shrm-Scp

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

Age-related comments in the workplace can lead to discrimination and legal consequences. The federal Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) protects employees aged 40 or older, while Michigan law extends protection to all ages. Harassment based on age can create a hostile work environment and result in lawsuits. Employers should address such issues, educate employees about discrimination and bias, and promote a culture that values diversity.

10-Minute Ebd: Is Oil-Pulling Useful In Treating Periodontal Disease?, Heather Willey Rda

The Journal of the Michigan Dental Association

The 10-Minute Evidence-Based Dentistry Column illustrates how to implement the evidence-based dentistry search process to quickly identify and apply the best literature to answer a clinical question. Through critical appraisal, the author of this article answers the clinical question: Is Oil-Pulling Useful in Treating Periodontal Disease? Examining the potential utility of oil-pulling as a treatment for periodontal disease and comparing it to conventional periodontal therapies. The study conducted an evidence-based search using various databases and keywords related to oil-pulling, periodontal disease, and oral health. The results revealed that oil-pulling is not a substitute for standard oral hygiene practices, and insufficient …

Amelogenesis Imperfecta: Case Series And Review Of The Literature, Andrew T. Moshman Dmd, Gwen Cohen-Brown Dds, Faaomp

The New York State Dental Journal

Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) describes a group of genetic conditions affecting the thickness, microstructure, and degree of mineralization of the enamel. Correct diagnosis may be important for managing other serious medical conditions. AI patients are highly susceptible to caries, pain, tooth wear, and loss of the vertical dimension of occlusion, often requiring significant dental treatment throughout their life. Early diagnosis and timely preventative and restorative treatments are crucial to circumvent AI’s psychological, social, and functional sequalae. This case series highlights AI in a 19-year-old patient, with suggestions for further testing and monitoring of the condition.